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KAROS FRANCE : revenue, balance sheet and financial ratios

KAROS FRANCE is a French company founded 7 years ago, specialized in the sector Programmation informatique. Based in PARIS (75002), this company of category PME shows in 2023 a revenue of 13.6 M€. Find below the complete financial statements, solvency ratios, working capital requirements and sector comparison.

Data updated on 2026-05-09

Sources : INPI & INSEE SIRENE - Processing : Ministry of Economy

Financial history - KAROS FRANCE (SIREN 849781364)
Indicator 2023
Revenue 13 589 554 €
Net income 1 727 360 €
EBITDA 5 716 663 €
Net margin 12.7%

Revenue and income statement

In 2023, KAROS FRANCE achieves revenue of 13.6 M€. After deducting consumption (0 €), gross margin stands at 13.6 M€, i.e. a rate of 100%. This ratio measures the ability to generate value from commercial activity. EBITDA (= Gross margin - Personnel expenses - Taxes) reaches 5.7 M€, representing 42.1% of revenue. This high EBITDA margin provides strong self-financing capacity and resilience to uncertainties. Ultimately, net income (= EBIT +/- financial result +/- exceptional - corporate tax) amounts to 1.7 M€, i.e. 12.7% of revenue. This profit can be retained or distributed to shareholders.

Revenue (2023) ?
Revenue
Definition
Total amount of sales of goods and services made by the company.
Formula
Sales of goods + Sold production

13 589 554 €

Gross margin (2023) ?
Gross margin
Definition
Difference between revenue and cost of goods sold.
Formula
Revenue - Cost of goods consumed

13 589 554 €

EBITDA (2023) ?
Gross Operating Surplus (EBITDA)
Definition
Resources generated by current operations, before depreciation and financial expenses.
Formula
Value added - Personnel expenses - Taxes
Interpretation
Positive = profitable activity

5 716 663 €

EBIT (2023) ?
EBIT (Operating Income)
Definition
Operating income, including depreciation and provisions.
Formula
EBITDA - Depreciation and provisions + Reversals

1 849 861 €

Net income (2023) ?
Net income
Definition
Profit or loss after all expenses, including taxes and exceptional items.
Formula
Current income + Exceptional income - Income tax

1 727 360 €

EBITDA margin (2023) ?
EBITDA margin
Definition
Measures the company's operating profitability.
Formula
(EBE / CA) x 100
Interpretation
> 10% : Good profitability
5-10% : Average
< 5% : Low

42.0%

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Assets

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Liabilities

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Solvency and debt ratios

The debt ratio (= Financial debt / Equity x 100) stands at -65%. This very low level reflects a solid financial structure, offering significant room for future investments or acquisitions. Financial autonomy (= Equity / Total assets x 100) reaches -30%. Low autonomy: the company heavily depends on external financing (banks, suppliers). Debt repayment capacity (= Financial debt / Cash flow) indicates it would take 1.0 years of cash flow to repay all financial debt. This short period demonstrates excellent debt sustainability. Cash flow represents 12.7% of revenue. Cash flow measures resources generated by operations, available for investment and debt repayment. This high level provides strong self-financing capacity.

Debt ratio (2023) ?
Debt ratio
Definition
Measures the proportion of debt to equity.
Formula
(Financial debt / Equity) x 100
Interpretation
< 50% : Low
50-100% : Moderate
> 100% : High

-65.25%

Financial autonomy (2023) ?
Financial autonomy
Definition
Share of equity in the company's total financing.
Formula
(Equity / Total assets) x 100
Interpretation
> 30% : Good autonomy
20-30% : Average
< 20% : Low

-29.944%

Cash flow / Revenue (2023) ?
Cash flow / Revenue
Definition
Self-financing capacity relative to revenue.
Formula
(CAF / CA) x 100
Interpretation
The higher the ratio, the more cash the company generates

12.731%

Repayment capacity (2023) ?
Repayment capacity
Definition
Number of years needed to repay debts with cash flow.
Formula
Financial debt / Cash flow
Interpretation
< 3 years : Excellent
3-5 years : Fair
> 5 years : Warning

1.031

Asset age ratio (2023) ?
Asset age ratio
Definition
Measures the degree of wear of tangible assets.
Formula
Accumulated depreciation / Gross fixed assets x 100
Interpretation
< 50% : Recent assets
50-70% : Normal wear
> 70% : Aging assets

58.8%

Solvency indicators evolution
KAROS FRANCE

Sector positioning

Debt ratio
-65.25 2023
2023
Q1: 0.0
Med: 4.03
Q3: 49.58
Excellent

In 2023, the debt ratio of KAROS FRANCE (-65.25) ranks in the bottom 25% of the sector, which is positive. This ratio measures the weight of debt relative to equity. A low ratio indicates a solid financial structure with little dependence on creditors.

Financial autonomy
-29.94% 2023
2023
Q1: 3.98%
Med: 32.33%
Q3: 62.63%
Average

In 2023, the financial autonomy of KAROS FRANCE (-29.9%) ranks below the median of the sector. This ratio represents the share of equity in total financing. An improvement would strengthen the competitive position.

Repayment capacity
1.03 years 2023
2023
Q1: 0.0 years
Med: 0.0 years
Q3: 0.46 years
Average

In 2023, the repayment capacity of KAROS FRANCE (1.03) ranks above the median of the sector. This ratio indicates the number of years needed to repay debt with cash flow. A reduction effort could improve financial strength.

Liquidity ratios

The liquidity ratio (= Current assets / Current liabilities) stands at 100.34. Concretely, the company has €2 of liquid assets for every €1 of short-term debt: no cash risk within 12 months.

Liquidity ratio (2023) ?
Liquidity ratio
Definition
Ability to meet short-term debts with current assets.
Formula
Current assets / Current liabilities
Interpretation
> 1.5 : Very good
1-1.5 : Fair
< 1 : Liquidity risk

100.345

Interest coverage (2023) ?
Interest coverage
Definition
Ability to cover interest charges with operating income.
Formula
EBIT / Interest expenses
Interpretation
> 3 : Comfortable
1.5-3 : Acceptable
< 1.5 : Risk

0.0

Liquidity indicators evolution
KAROS FRANCE

Sector positioning

Liquidity ratio
100.34 2023
2023
Q1: 129.22
Med: 247.92
Q3: 487.46
Average

In 2023, the liquidity ratio of KAROS FRANCE (100.34) ranks below the median of the sector. This ratio measures the ability to cover short-term debt with current assets. An improvement would strengthen the competitive position.

Interest coverage
0.0x 2023
2023
Q1: 0.0x
Med: 0.0x
Q3: 0.45x
Average

In 2023, the interest coverage of KAROS FRANCE (0.0x) ranks below the median of the sector. This ratio indicates how many times operating income covers interest expenses. An improvement would strengthen the competitive position.

Working capital requirement (WCR) and payment terms

Working capital requirement (WCR) measures the cash timing gap between customer collections and supplier/inventory payments. Average customer payment term: 100 days (formula: Customer receivables / Revenue incl. VAT x 360). Supplier term: 297 days. Excellent situation: suppliers finance 197 days of the operating cycle (retail model). Overall, WCR represents 11 days of revenue, i.e. 426 k€ to permanently finance.

Operating WCR (2023) ?
Operating WCR
Definition
Financing requirement generated by the operating cycle (inventory + receivables - trade payables).
Formula
Inventory + Customer receivables - Trade payables
Interpretation
Negative = cash released
Positive = financing needed

426 033 €

Customer credit (2023) ?
Customer credit (days)
Definition
Average payment term granted to customers.
Formula
(Customer receivables / Revenue incl. VAT) x 360
Interpretation
< 45j : Good
45-60j : Average
> 60j : Long

100 j

Supplier credit (2023) ?
Supplier credit (days)
Definition
Average payment term obtained from suppliers.
Formula
(Trade payables / Purchases incl. VAT) x 360
Interpretation
The longer the term, the better for cash flow

297 j

Inventory turnover (2023) ?
Inventory turnover (days)
Definition
Average storage duration for goods or materials.
Formula
(Inventory / Cost of goods) x 360
Interpretation
The lower the ratio, the faster the turnover

0 j

WCR in days of revenue (2023) ?
WCR in days of revenue
Definition
Expresses working capital requirement in days of revenue.
Formula
(Operating WCR / Revenue) x 360
Interpretation
The fewer days, the better the working capital management

11 j

WCR and payment terms evolution
KAROS FRANCE

Positioning of KAROS FRANCE in its sector

Comparison with sector Programmation informatique

Valuation estimate

Based on 120 transactions of similar company sales (all years), the value of KAROS FRANCE is estimated at 8 207 074 € (range 3 706 724€ - 22 246 704€). With an EBITDA of 5 716 663€, the sector multiple of 2.2x is applied. The price/revenue ratio is 0.27x (conservative valuation). This multiples method compares the actual sale price of similar companies to their financial indicators (Revenue, EBITDA, Net Income). It provides a market-based indicative estimate.

Estimated enterprise value 2023
120 transactions
3706k€ 8207k€ 22246k€
8 207 074 € Range: 3 706 724€ - 22 246 704€
NAF 5 all-time

Valuation detail by method

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EBITDA Multiple 50%
5 716 663 € × 2.2x
Estimation 12 712 297 €
5 516 183€ - 34 969 798€
Revenue Multiple 30%
13 589 554 € × 0.27x
Estimation 3 691 031 €
2 086 491€ - 9 027 055€
Net Income Multiple 20%
1 727 360 € × 2.2x
Estimation 3 718 084 €
1 613 427€ - 10 268 445€
How is this estimate calculated?

This estimate is based on the analysis of 120 actual transactions of similar company sales (same NAF code) registered with BODACC between 2016 and 2025.

  • EBITDA Multiple: Preferred method for profitable SMEs. EBITDA reflects the ability to generate cash.
  • Revenue Multiple: Used for growing companies or those with low profitability. Reflects commercial potential.
  • Net Income Multiple: Relevant for mature companies with stable results.

This estimate is provided for information purposes only. A precise valuation requires in-depth analysis (assets, liabilities, prospects, market...).

Similar companies (Programmation informatique)

Compare KAROS FRANCE with other companies in the same sector:

Frequently asked questions about KAROS FRANCE

What is the revenue of KAROS FRANCE ?

The revenue of KAROS FRANCE in 2023 is 13.6 M€.

Is KAROS FRANCE profitable?

Yes, KAROS FRANCE generated a net profit of 1.7 M€ in 2023.

Where is the headquarters of KAROS FRANCE ?

The headquarters of KAROS FRANCE is located in PARIS (75002), in the department Paris.

Where to find the tax return of KAROS FRANCE ?

The tax return of KAROS FRANCE is available on this page. Click on a year in the 'Data by year' section to view the account details (assets, liabilities, income statement). Data comes from INPI (National Institute of Industrial Property).

In which sector does KAROS FRANCE operate?

KAROS FRANCE operates in the sector Programmation informatique (NAF code 62.01Z). See the 'Sector positioning' section above to compare the company with its competitors.