UDD : revenue, balance sheet and financial ratios

UDD is a French company founded 8 years ago, specialized in the sector Formation continue d'adultes. Based in ALENCON (61000), this company of category PME shows in 2023 a revenue of 54.2 M€. Find below the complete financial statements, solvency ratios, working capital requirements and sector comparison.

Data updated on 2026-05-02

Sources : INPI & INSEE SIRENE - Processing : Ministry of Economy

Financial history - UDD (SIREN 834111601)
Indicator 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018
Revenue 54 165 289 € 61 836 681 € 43 628 013 € 87 960 € 241 879 € 65 831 €
Net income 3 774 235 € 5 015 581 € 2 120 745 € -1 508 084 € -1 178 418 € -341 941 €
EBITDA 5 554 630 € 7 408 205 € 3 884 123 € -1 764 720 € -1 156 514 € -353 412 €
Net margin 7.0% 8.1% 4.9% -1714.5% -487.2% -519.4%

Revenue and income statement

In 2023, UDD achieves revenue of 54.2 M€. Over the period 2018-2023, the company shows strong growth with a CAGR (compound annual growth rate) of +282.9%. Significant drop of -12% vs 2022. After deducting consumption (0 €), gross margin stands at 54.2 M€, i.e. a rate of 100%. This ratio measures the ability to generate value from commercial activity. EBITDA (= Gross margin - Personnel expenses - Taxes) reaches 5.6 M€, representing 10.3% of revenue. This level of operating margin is satisfactory for the sector. Ultimately, net income (= EBIT +/- financial result +/- exceptional - corporate tax) amounts to 3.8 M€, i.e. 7.0% of revenue. This profit can be retained or distributed to shareholders.

Revenue (2023) ?
Revenue
Definition
Total amount of sales of goods and services made by the company.
Formula
Sales of goods + Sold production

54 165 289 €

Gross margin (2023) ?
Gross margin
Definition
Difference between revenue and cost of goods sold.
Formula
Revenue - Cost of goods consumed

54 165 289 €

EBITDA (2023) ?
Gross Operating Surplus (EBITDA)
Definition
Resources generated by current operations, before depreciation and financial expenses.
Formula
Value added - Personnel expenses - Taxes
Interpretation
Positive = profitable activity

5 554 630 €

EBIT (2023) ?
EBIT (Operating Income)
Definition
Operating income, including depreciation and provisions.
Formula
EBITDA - Depreciation and provisions + Reversals

4 913 999 €

Net income (2023) ?
Net income
Definition
Profit or loss after all expenses, including taxes and exceptional items.
Formula
Current income + Exceptional income - Income tax

3 774 235 €

EBITDA margin (2023) ?
EBITDA margin
Definition
Measures the company's operating profitability.
Formula
(EBE / CA) x 100
Interpretation
> 10% : Good profitability
5-10% : Average
< 5% : Low

10.3%

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Chart evolution

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Assets

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Liabilities

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Solvency and debt ratios

The debt ratio (= Financial debt / Equity x 100) stands at 26%. This very low level reflects a solid financial structure, offering significant room for future investments or acquisitions. Financial autonomy (= Equity / Total assets x 100) reaches 45%. This high autonomy means the company finances most of its assets through equity, a sign of strength. Debt repayment capacity (= Financial debt / Cash flow) indicates it would take 0.4 years of cash flow to repay all financial debt. This short period demonstrates excellent debt sustainability. Cash flow represents 7.8% of revenue. Cash flow measures resources generated by operations, available for investment and debt repayment. Satisfactory level allowing partial financing of growth.

Debt ratio (2023) ?
Debt ratio
Definition
Measures the proportion of debt to equity.
Formula
(Financial debt / Equity) x 100
Interpretation
< 50% : Low
50-100% : Moderate
> 100% : High

26.266%

Financial autonomy (2023) ?
Financial autonomy
Definition
Share of equity in the company's total financing.
Formula
(Equity / Total assets) x 100
Interpretation
> 30% : Good autonomy
20-30% : Average
< 20% : Low

45.012%

Cash flow / Revenue (2023) ?
Cash flow / Revenue
Definition
Self-financing capacity relative to revenue.
Formula
(CAF / CA) x 100
Interpretation
The higher the ratio, the more cash the company generates

7.759%

Repayment capacity (2023) ?
Repayment capacity
Definition
Number of years needed to repay debts with cash flow.
Formula
Financial debt / Cash flow
Interpretation
< 3 years : Excellent
3-5 years : Fair
> 5 years : Warning

0.413

Asset age ratio (2023) ?
Asset age ratio
Definition
Measures the degree of wear of tangible assets.
Formula
Accumulated depreciation / Gross fixed assets x 100
Interpretation
< 50% : Recent assets
50-70% : Normal wear
> 70% : Aging assets

73.3%

Solvency indicators evolution
UDD

Sector positioning

Debt ratio
26.27 2023
2021
2022
2023
Q1: 0.0
Med: 3.62
Q3: 37.96
Average -8 pts over 3 years

In 2023, the debt ratio of UDD (26.27) ranks above the median of the sector. This ratio measures the weight of debt relative to equity. A reduction effort could improve financial strength.

Financial autonomy
45.01% 2023
2021
2022
2023
Q1: 1.77%
Med: 30.93%
Q3: 61.22%
Good +32 pts over 3 years

In 2023, the financial autonomy of UDD (45.0%) ranks above the median of the sector. This ratio represents the share of equity in total financing. This comfortable position offers an appreciable safety margin.

Repayment capacity
0.41 years 2023
2021
2022
2023
Q1: 0.0 years
Med: 0.0 years
Q3: 0.54 years
Average

In 2023, the repayment capacity of UDD (0.41) ranks above the median of the sector. This ratio indicates the number of years needed to repay debt with cash flow. A reduction effort could improve financial strength.

Liquidity ratios

The liquidity ratio (= Current assets / Current liabilities) stands at 189.72. Concretely, the company has €2 of liquid assets for every €1 of short-term debt: no cash risk within 12 months. The interest coverage ratio (= EBIT / Interest expenses) is 0.4x. Danger: operating income does not cover interest charges, unsustainable situation.

Liquidity ratio (2023) ?
Liquidity ratio
Definition
Ability to meet short-term debts with current assets.
Formula
Current assets / Current liabilities
Interpretation
> 1.5 : Very good
1-1.5 : Fair
< 1 : Liquidity risk

189.72

Interest coverage (2023) ?
Interest coverage
Definition
Ability to cover interest charges with operating income.
Formula
EBIT / Interest expenses
Interpretation
> 3 : Comfortable
1.5-3 : Acceptable
< 1.5 : Risk

0.445

Liquidity indicators evolution
UDD

Sector positioning

Liquidity ratio
189.72 2023
2021
2022
2023
Q1: 129.96
Med: 228.25
Q3: 426.41
Average +18 pts over 3 years

In 2023, the liquidity ratio of UDD (189.72) ranks below the median of the sector. This ratio measures the ability to cover short-term debt with current assets. An improvement would strengthen the competitive position.

Interest coverage
0.45x 2023
2021
2022
2023
Q1: 0.0x
Med: 0.0x
Q3: 0.69x
Good -9 pts over 3 years

In 2023, the interest coverage of UDD (0.5x) ranks above the median of the sector. This ratio indicates how many times operating income covers interest expenses. This comfortable position offers an appreciable safety margin.

Working capital requirement (WCR) and payment terms

Working capital requirement (WCR) measures the cash timing gap between customer collections and supplier/inventory payments. Average customer payment term: 22 days (formula: Customer receivables / Revenue incl. VAT x 360). Supplier term: 40 days. Favorable situation: supplier credit is longer than customer credit by 18 days. Overall, WCR represents 33 days of revenue, i.e. 5.0 M€ to permanently finance. Over 2018-2023, WCR increased by +12128%, requiring additional financing.

Operating WCR (2023) ?
Operating WCR
Definition
Financing requirement generated by the operating cycle (inventory + receivables - trade payables).
Formula
Inventory + Customer receivables - Trade payables
Interpretation
Negative = cash released
Positive = financing needed

4 965 332 €

Customer credit (2023) ?
Customer credit (days)
Definition
Average payment term granted to customers.
Formula
(Customer receivables / Revenue incl. VAT) x 360
Interpretation
< 45j : Good
45-60j : Average
> 60j : Long

22 j

Supplier credit (2023) ?
Supplier credit (days)
Definition
Average payment term obtained from suppliers.
Formula
(Trade payables / Purchases incl. VAT) x 360
Interpretation
The longer the term, the better for cash flow

40 j

Inventory turnover (2023) ?
Inventory turnover (days)
Definition
Average storage duration for goods or materials.
Formula
(Inventory / Cost of goods) x 360
Interpretation
The lower the ratio, the faster the turnover

0 j

WCR in days of revenue (2023) ?
WCR in days of revenue
Definition
Expresses working capital requirement in days of revenue.
Formula
(Operating WCR / Revenue) x 360
Interpretation
The fewer days, the better the working capital management

33 j

WCR and payment terms evolution
UDD

Positioning of UDD in its sector

Comparison with sector Formation continue d'adultes

Valuation estimate

Based on 134 transactions of similar company sales (all years), the value of UDD is estimated at 14 046 873 € (range 4 947 006€ - 39 007 053€). With an EBITDA of 5 554 630€, the sector multiple of 2.2x is applied. The price/revenue ratio is 0.36x (conservative valuation). This multiples method compares the actual sale price of similar companies to their financial indicators (Revenue, EBITDA, Net Income). It provides a market-based indicative estimate.

Estimated enterprise value 2023
134 transactions
4947k€ 14046k€ 39007k€
14 046 873 € Range: 4 947 006€ - 39 007 053€
NAF 5 all-time

Valuation detail by method

Ajustez les pondérations selon votre analyse

EBITDA Multiple 50%
5 554 630 € × 2.2x
Estimation 12 043 372 €
4 364 125€ - 31 323 111€
Revenue Multiple 30%
54 165 289 € × 0.36x
Estimation 19 360 779 €
6 459 486€ - 37 853 956€
Net Income Multiple 20%
3 774 235 € × 2.9x
Estimation 11 084 769 €
4 135 493€ - 59 946 553€

Valuation evolution

How is this estimate calculated?

This estimate is based on the analysis of 134 actual transactions of similar company sales (same NAF code) registered with BODACC between 2016 and 2025.

  • EBITDA Multiple: Preferred method for profitable SMEs. EBITDA reflects the ability to generate cash.
  • Revenue Multiple: Used for growing companies or those with low profitability. Reflects commercial potential.
  • Net Income Multiple: Relevant for mature companies with stable results.

This estimate is provided for information purposes only. A precise valuation requires in-depth analysis (assets, liabilities, prospects, market...).

Similar companies (Formation continue d'adultes)

Compare UDD with other companies in the same sector:

Frequently asked questions about UDD

What is the revenue of UDD ?

The revenue of UDD in 2023 is 54.2 M€.

Is UDD profitable?

Yes, UDD generated a net profit of 3.8 M€ in 2023.

Where is the headquarters of UDD ?

The headquarters of UDD is located in ALENCON (61000), in the department Orne.

Where to find the tax return of UDD ?

The tax return of UDD is available on this page. Click on a year in the 'Data by year' section to view the account details (assets, liabilities, income statement). Data comes from INPI (National Institute of Industrial Property).

In which sector does UDD operate?

UDD operates in the sector Formation continue d'adultes (NAF code 85.59A). See the 'Sector positioning' section above to compare the company with its competitors.