TREFLE INGENIERIE : revenue, balance sheet and financial ratios
TREFLE INGENIERIE is a French company
founded 19 years ago,
specialized in the sector Ingénierie, études techniques.
Based in BOULOGNE BILLANCOURT (92100),
this company of category PME
shows in 2025 a revenue of 12.2 M€.
Find below the complete financial statements, solvency ratios, working capital requirements and sector comparison.
Financial history - TREFLE INGENIERIE (SIREN 490398690)
Indicator
2025
2024
2023
2022
2021
2020
2019
2018
2017
2016
Revenue
12 233 320 €
12 142 763 €
12 269 514 €
11 922 560 €
11 503 036 €
9 284 131 €
8 267 662 €
8 024 027 €
7 652 599 €
5 654 064 €
Net income
-836 964 €
-151 699 €
-159 432 €
284 693 €
106 377 €
92 502 €
200 602 €
94 935 €
333 171 €
132 192 €
EBITDA
-515 265 €
-20 634 €
-109 151 €
341 854 €
167 839 €
394 261 €
333 349 €
185 600 €
529 529 €
222 097 €
Net margin
-6.8%
-1.2%
-1.3%
2.4%
0.9%
1.0%
2.4%
1.2%
4.4%
2.3%
Revenue and income statement
In 2025, TREFLE INGENIERIE achieves revenue of 12.2 M€. Over the period 2016-2025, the company shows strong growth with a CAGR (compound annual growth rate) of +9.0%. Vs 2024: +1%. After deducting consumption (148 €), gross margin stands at 12.2 M€, i.e. a rate of 100%. This ratio measures the ability to generate value from commercial activity. EBITDA (= Gross margin - Personnel expenses - Taxes) reaches -515 k€, representing -4.2% of revenue. Warning negative scissor effect: despite revenue change (+1%), EBITDA varies by -2397%, reducing margin by 4.0 pts. This reflects costs rising faster than revenue. Negative EBITDA means operations do not cover current expenses: concerning situation. Net income is negative at -837 k€ (-6.8% of revenue), which will impact equity.
Revenue (2025)
?
Revenue
Definition
Total amount of sales of goods and services made by the company.
Formula
Sales of goods + Sold production
12 233 320 €
Gross margin (2025)
?
Gross margin
Definition
Difference between revenue and cost of goods sold.
Formula
Revenue - Cost of goods consumed
12 233 172 €
EBITDA (2025)
?
Gross Operating Surplus (EBITDA)
Definition
Resources generated by current operations, before depreciation and financial expenses.
Formula
Value added - Personnel expenses - Taxes
Interpretation
Positive = profitable activity
-515 265 €
EBIT (2025)
?
EBIT (Operating Income)
Definition
Operating income, including depreciation and provisions.
Formula
EBITDA - Depreciation and provisions + Reversals
-562 396 €
Net income (2025)
?
Net income
Definition
Profit or loss after all expenses, including taxes and exceptional items.
Formula
Current income + Exceptional income - Income tax
-836 964 €
EBITDA margin (2025)
?
EBITDA margin
Definition
Measures the company's operating profitability.
Formula
(EBE / CA) x 100
Interpretation
> 10% : Good profitability 5-10% : Average < 5% : Low
-4.2%
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Income statement
Item
Amount
% Revenue
Change
The detailed income statement is not available for this company (simplified accounts or confidential data).
Chart evolution
Show :
Visualization created via numbers.finance Sources : INPI & BCE - Adjustments : Ministry of Economy
Assets
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Item
Gross
Deprec.
Net
%
Change
Assets balance sheet data not available for this company
Liabilities
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Item
Year
%
Change
Liabilities balance sheet data not available for this company
Solvency and debt ratios
The debt ratio (= Financial debt / Equity x 100) stands at 472%. Critical situation: debt significantly exceeds equity, severely limiting borrowing capacity and exposing the company to default risk. Financial autonomy (= Equity / Total assets x 100) reaches 10%. Low autonomy: the company heavily depends on external financing (banks, suppliers).
Debt ratio (2025)
?
Debt ratio
Definition
Measures the proportion of debt to equity.
Formula
(Financial debt / Equity) x 100
Interpretation
< 50% : Low 50-100% : Moderate > 100% : High
472.001%
Financial autonomy (2025)
?
Financial autonomy
Definition
Share of equity in the company's total financing.
Formula
(Equity / Total assets) x 100
Interpretation
> 30% : Good autonomy 20-30% : Average < 20% : Low
10.345%
Cash flow / Revenue (2025)
?
Cash flow / Revenue
Definition
Self-financing capacity relative to revenue.
Formula
(CAF / CA) x 100
Interpretation
The higher the ratio, the more cash the company generates
-6.31%
Repayment capacity (2025)
?
Repayment capacity
Definition
Number of years needed to repay debts with cash flow.
Formula
Financial debt / Cash flow
Interpretation
< 3 years : Excellent 3-5 years : Fair > 5 years : Warning
-3.837
Asset age ratio (2025)
?
Asset age ratio
Definition
Measures the degree of wear of tangible assets.
Formula
Accumulated depreciation / Gross fixed assets x 100
Visualization created via numbers.finance Sources : INPI & BCE - Adjustments : Ministry of Economy
Indicator
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
Debt ratio
0.0
81.258
112.8
93.859
99.517
148.679
112.096
133.76
188.757
472.001
Financial autonomy
27.457
24.396
24.846
25.104
22.817
20.759
26.73
24.218
21.294
10.345
Repayment capacity
0.0
2.449
8.385
5.709
7.029
17.076
8.179
-10.113
-27.983
-3.837
Cash flow / Revenue
2.807%
4.971%
1.83%
2.569%
2.111%
1.129%
2.041%
-1.742%
-0.814%
-6.31%
Sector positioning
Debt ratio
472.02025
2023
2024
2025
Q1: 0.13
Med: 10.92
Q3: 42.13
Watch
In 2025, the debt ratio of TREFLE INGENIERIE (472.00) ranks in the top 25% of the sector. This ratio measures the weight of debt relative to equity. A high ratio may indicate excessive dependence on external financing.
Financial autonomy
10.35%2025
2023
2024
2025
Q1: 18.6%
Med: 42.54%
Q3: 63.62%
Average-13 pts over 3 years
In 2025, the financial autonomy of TREFLE INGENIERIE (10.3%) ranks below the median of the sector. This ratio represents the share of equity in total financing. An improvement would strengthen the competitive position.
Repayment capacity
-3.84 years2025
2023
2024
2025
Q1: 0.0 years
Med: 0.03 years
Q3: 1.08 years
Excellent
In 2025, the repayment capacity of TREFLE INGENIERIE (-3.84) ranks in the bottom 25% of the sector, which is positive. This ratio indicates the number of years needed to repay debt with cash flow. A short capacity reflects controlled debt and good cash generation.
Liquidity ratios
The liquidity ratio (= Current assets / Current liabilities) stands at 181.57. Concretely, the company has €2 of liquid assets for every €1 of short-term debt: no cash risk within 12 months.
Liquidity ratio (2025)
?
Liquidity ratio
Definition
Ability to meet short-term debts with current assets.
Formula
Current assets / Current liabilities
Interpretation
> 1.5 : Very good 1-1.5 : Fair < 1 : Liquidity risk
181.572
Interest coverage (2025)
?
Interest coverage
Definition
Ability to cover interest charges with operating income.
Formula
EBIT / Interest expenses
Interpretation
> 3 : Comfortable 1.5-3 : Acceptable < 1.5 : Risk
-22.526
Liquidity indicators evolution TREFLE INGENIERIE
Visualisation créée via abddaf.fr Sources : INPI & BCE - Retraitements : Ministère de l'économie
Indicator
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
Liquidity ratio
414.972
168.224
198.085
184.111
177.087
203.298
222.292
207.97
199.612
181.572
Interest coverage
7.509
1.561
5.159
5.537
50.126
2.454
2.747
-14.786
-465.915
-22.526
Sector positioning
Liquidity ratio
181.572025
2023
2024
2025
Q1: 163.68
Med: 247.89
Q3: 406.57
Average-12 pts over 3 years
In 2025, the liquidity ratio of TREFLE INGENIERIE (181.57) ranks below the median of the sector. This ratio measures the ability to cover short-term debt with current assets. An improvement would strengthen the competitive position.
Interest coverage
-22.53x2025
2023
2024
2025
Q1: 0.0x
Med: 0.0x
Q3: 2.63x
Average
In 2025, the interest coverage of TREFLE INGENIERIE (-22.5x) ranks below the median of the sector. This ratio indicates how many times operating income covers interest expenses. An improvement would strengthen the competitive position.
Working capital requirement (WCR) and payment terms
Working capital requirement (WCR) measures the cash timing gap between customer collections and supplier/inventory payments. Average customer payment term: 93 days (formula: Customer receivables / Revenue incl. VAT x 360). Supplier term: 37 days. The gap of 56 days means the company finances its customers for over a month before being paid relative to supplier payments. This weighs on cash flow. Overall, WCR represents 69 days of revenue, i.e. 2.4 M€ to permanently finance. Over 2016-2025, WCR increased by +22%, requiring additional financing.
Operating WCR (2025)
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Operating WCR
Definition
Financing requirement generated by the operating cycle (inventory + receivables - trade payables).
Formula
Inventory + Customer receivables - Trade payables
Interpretation
Negative = cash released Positive = financing needed
2 356 137 €
Customer credit (2025)
?
Customer credit (days)
Definition
Average payment term granted to customers.
Formula
(Customer receivables / Revenue incl. VAT) x 360
Interpretation
< 45j : Good 45-60j : Average > 60j : Long
93 j
Supplier credit (2025)
?
Supplier credit (days)
Definition
Average payment term obtained from suppliers.
Formula
(Trade payables / Purchases incl. VAT) x 360
Interpretation
The longer the term, the better for cash flow
37 j
Inventory turnover (2025)
?
Inventory turnover (days)
Definition
Average storage duration for goods or materials.
Formula
(Inventory / Cost of goods) x 360
Interpretation
The lower the ratio, the faster the turnover
0 j
WCR in days of revenue (2025)
?
WCR in days of revenue
Definition
Expresses working capital requirement in days of revenue.
Formula
(Operating WCR / Revenue) x 360
Interpretation
The fewer days, the better the working capital management
69 j
WCR and payment terms evolution TREFLE INGENIERIE
Visualization created via numbers.finance Sources : INPI & BCE - Adjustments : Ministry of Economy
Indicator
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
Operating WCR
1 930 128 €
2 138 366 €
2 267 028 €
2 785 293 €
859 896 €
1 776 414 €
2 519 475 €
2 572 794 €
2 537 230 €
2 356 137 €
Inventory turnover (days)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Customer payment term (days)
87
127
110
108
102
95
101
96
98
93
Supplier payment term (days)
57
84
61
89
45
43
52
50
38
37
Positioning of TREFLE INGENIERIE in its sector
Comparison with sector Ingénierie, études techniques
Valuation estimate
Indicative estimate only : the number of comparable transactions in this sector is limited (34 transactions).
This range of 918 810€ to 6 292 118€ is provided for information purposes only and requires in-depth analysis to be confirmed.
Estimated enterprise value2025
Indicative
918k€1262k€6292k€
1 262 455 €Range: 918 810€ - 6 292 118€
NAF 5 année 2025
Valuation evolution
Visualisation creee via abddaf.fr Sources : BODACC & INPI
How is this estimate calculated?
This estimate is based on the analysis of 34 actual transactions of similar company sales (same NAF code) registered with BODACC between 2016 and 2025.
EBITDA Multiple: Preferred method for profitable SMEs. EBITDA reflects the ability to generate cash.
Revenue Multiple: Used for growing companies or those with low profitability. Reflects commercial potential.
Net Income Multiple: Relevant for mature companies with stable results.
This estimate is provided for information purposes only. A precise valuation requires in-depth analysis (assets, liabilities, prospects, market...).
Similar companies (Ingénierie, études techniques)
Compare TREFLE INGENIERIE with other companies in the same sector:
Frequently asked questions about TREFLE INGENIERIE
What is the revenue of TREFLE INGENIERIE ?
The revenue of TREFLE INGENIERIE in 2025 is 12.2 M€.
Is TREFLE INGENIERIE profitable?
TREFLE INGENIERIE recorded a net loss in 2025.
Where is the headquarters of TREFLE INGENIERIE ?
The headquarters of TREFLE INGENIERIE is located in BOULOGNE BILLANCOURT (92100), in the department Hauts-de-Seine.
Where to find the tax return of TREFLE INGENIERIE ?
The tax return of TREFLE INGENIERIE is available on this page. Click on a year in the 'Data by year' section to view the account details (assets, liabilities, income statement). Data comes from INPI (National Institute of Industrial Property).
In which sector does TREFLE INGENIERIE operate?
TREFLE INGENIERIE operates in the sector Ingénierie, études techniques (NAF code 71.12B). See the 'Sector positioning' section above to compare the company with its competitors.
Item evolution
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