TRAINING SQUARE : revenue, balance sheet and financial ratios
TRAINING SQUARE is a French company
founded 19 years ago,
specialized in the sector Programmation informatique.
Based in ISSY-LES-MOULINEAUX (92130),
this company of category PME
shows in 2024 a revenue of 2.4 M€.
Find below the complete financial statements, solvency ratios, working capital requirements and sector comparison.
Financial history - TRAINING SQUARE (SIREN 490906872)
Indicator
2024
2023
2022
2021
2020
2019
2018
2017
2016
Revenue
2 366 004 €
2 077 794 €
1 679 067 €
1 824 273 €
2 806 346 €
3 879 616 €
4 713 101 €
8 025 794 €
10 164 251 €
Net income
449 601 €
203 120 €
20 570 €
448 580 €
221 141 €
106 893 €
44 587 €
-802 257 €
-396 457 €
EBITDA
574 378 €
361 039 €
168 383 €
465 948 €
433 031 €
256 179 €
310 484 €
-302 605 €
-184 204 €
Net margin
19.0%
9.8%
1.2%
24.6%
7.9%
2.8%
0.9%
-10.0%
-3.9%
Revenue and income statement
In 2024, TRAINING SQUARE achieves revenue of 2.4 M€. Revenue is declining over the period 2016-2024 (CAGR: -16.7%). Vs 2023, growth of +14% (2.1 M€ -> 2.4 M€). After deducting consumption (0 €), gross margin stands at 2.4 M€, i.e. a rate of 100%. This ratio measures the ability to generate value from commercial activity. EBITDA (= Gross margin - Personnel expenses - Taxes) reaches 574 k€, representing 24.3% of revenue. Positive scissor effect: EBITDA margin improves by +6.9 pts, sign of improved operational efficiency. This high EBITDA margin provides strong self-financing capacity and resilience to uncertainties. Ultimately, net income (= EBIT +/- financial result +/- exceptional - corporate tax) amounts to 450 k€, i.e. 19.0% of revenue. This profit can be retained or distributed to shareholders.
Revenue (2024)
?
Revenue
Definition
Total amount of sales of goods and services made by the company.
Formula
Sales of goods + Sold production
2 366 004 €
Gross margin (2024)
?
Gross margin
Definition
Difference between revenue and cost of goods sold.
Formula
Revenue - Cost of goods consumed
2 366 004 €
EBITDA (2024)
?
Gross Operating Surplus (EBITDA)
Definition
Resources generated by current operations, before depreciation and financial expenses.
Formula
Value added - Personnel expenses - Taxes
Interpretation
Positive = profitable activity
574 378 €
EBIT (2024)
?
EBIT (Operating Income)
Definition
Operating income, including depreciation and provisions.
Formula
EBITDA - Depreciation and provisions + Reversals
290 717 €
Net income (2024)
?
Net income
Definition
Profit or loss after all expenses, including taxes and exceptional items.
Formula
Current income + Exceptional income - Income tax
449 601 €
EBITDA margin (2024)
?
EBITDA margin
Definition
Measures the company's operating profitability.
Formula
(EBE / CA) x 100
Interpretation
> 10% : Good profitability 5-10% : Average < 5% : Low
24.3%
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Income statement
Item
Amount
% Revenue
Change
The detailed income statement is not available for this company (simplified accounts or confidential data).
Chart evolution
Show :
Visualization created via numbers.finance Sources : INPI & BCE - Adjustments : Ministry of Economy
Assets
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Item
Gross
Deprec.
Net
%
Change
Assets balance sheet data not available for this company
Liabilities
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Item
Year
%
Change
Liabilities balance sheet data not available for this company
Solvency and debt ratios
The debt ratio (= Financial debt / Equity x 100) stands at 5%. This very low level reflects a solid financial structure, offering significant room for future investments or acquisitions. Financial autonomy (= Equity / Total assets x 100) reaches 30%. The balance between equity and debt is satisfactory.
Debt ratio (2024)
?
Debt ratio
Definition
Measures the proportion of debt to equity.
Formula
(Financial debt / Equity) x 100
Interpretation
< 50% : Low 50-100% : Moderate > 100% : High
5.426%
Financial autonomy (2024)
?
Financial autonomy
Definition
Share of equity in the company's total financing.
Formula
(Equity / Total assets) x 100
Interpretation
> 30% : Good autonomy 20-30% : Average < 20% : Low
29.705%
Cash flow / Revenue (2024)
?
Cash flow / Revenue
Definition
Self-financing capacity relative to revenue.
Formula
(CAF / CA) x 100
Interpretation
The higher the ratio, the more cash the company generates
-605.182%
Repayment capacity (2024)
?
Repayment capacity
Definition
Number of years needed to repay debts with cash flow.
Formula
Financial debt / Cash flow
Interpretation
< 3 years : Excellent 3-5 years : Fair > 5 years : Warning
-0.007
Asset age ratio (2024)
?
Asset age ratio
Definition
Measures the degree of wear of tangible assets.
Formula
Accumulated depreciation / Gross fixed assets x 100
Visualization created via numbers.finance Sources : INPI & BCE - Adjustments : Ministry of Economy
Indicator
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Debt ratio
46.155
77.572
33.584
9.297
112.912
75.665
56.12
28.108
5.426
Financial autonomy
19.22
8.611
14.789
14.695
14.956
20.936
19.471
21.371
29.705
Repayment capacity
-13.596
-2.382
-0.068
-0.013
-0.233
-0.115
-0.058
-0.032
-0.007
Cash flow / Revenue
-0.436%
-2.041%
-57.23%
-122.19%
-151.363%
-479.596%
-772.6%
-661.547%
-605.182%
Sector positioning
Debt ratio
5.432024
2022
2023
2024
Q1: 0.0
Med: 3.36
Q3: 42.51
Average-21 pts over 3 years
In 2024, the debt ratio of TRAINING SQUARE (5.43) ranks above the median of the sector. This ratio measures the weight of debt relative to equity. A reduction effort could improve financial strength.
Financial autonomy
29.7%2024
2022
2023
2024
Q1: 3.88%
Med: 34.74%
Q3: 63.98%
Average+8 pts over 3 years
In 2024, the financial autonomy of TRAINING SQUARE (29.7%) ranks below the median of the sector. This ratio represents the share of equity in total financing. An improvement would strengthen the competitive position.
Repayment capacity
-0.01 years2024
2022
2023
2024
Q1: 0.0 years
Med: 0.0 years
Q3: 0.39 years
Excellent
In 2024, the repayment capacity of TRAINING SQUARE (-0.01) ranks in the bottom 25% of the sector, which is positive. This ratio indicates the number of years needed to repay debt with cash flow. A short capacity reflects controlled debt and good cash generation.
Liquidity ratios
The liquidity ratio (= Current assets / Current liabilities) stands at 126.83. Concretely, the company has €2 of liquid assets for every €1 of short-term debt: no cash risk within 12 months. The interest coverage ratio (= EBIT / Interest expenses) is 0.9x. Danger: operating income does not cover interest charges, unsustainable situation.
Liquidity ratio (2024)
?
Liquidity ratio
Definition
Ability to meet short-term debts with current assets.
Formula
Current assets / Current liabilities
Interpretation
> 1.5 : Very good 1-1.5 : Fair < 1 : Liquidity risk
126.834
Interest coverage (2024)
?
Interest coverage
Definition
Ability to cover interest charges with operating income.
Formula
EBIT / Interest expenses
Interpretation
> 3 : Comfortable 1.5-3 : Acceptable < 1.5 : Risk
0.941
Liquidity indicators evolution TRAINING SQUARE
Visualisation créée via abddaf.fr Sources : INPI & BCE - Retraitements : Ministère de l'économie
Indicator
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Liquidity ratio
139.068
108.912
110.473
106.353
136.146
142.929
125.702
121.39
126.834
Interest coverage
-4.39
-1.487
0.725
0.263
0.036
1.803
5.778
1.963
0.941
Sector positioning
Liquidity ratio
126.832024
2022
2023
2024
Q1: 132.21
Med: 250.32
Q3: 499.26
Average
In 2024, the liquidity ratio of TRAINING SQUARE (126.83) ranks below the median of the sector. This ratio measures the ability to cover short-term debt with current assets. An improvement would strengthen the competitive position.
Interest coverage
0.94x2024
2022
2023
2024
Q1: 0.0x
Med: 0.0x
Q3: 0.47x
Excellent
In 2024, the interest coverage of TRAINING SQUARE (0.9x) ranks in the top 25% of the sector. This ratio indicates how many times operating income covers interest expenses. High coverage means financial charges weigh little on profitability.
Working capital requirement (WCR) and payment terms
Working capital requirement (WCR) measures the cash timing gap between customer collections and supplier/inventory payments. Average customer payment term: 388 days (formula: Customer receivables / Revenue incl. VAT x 360). Supplier term: 1957 days. Excellent situation: suppliers finance 1569 days of the operating cycle (retail model). Overall, WCR represents 426 days of revenue, i.e. 2.8 M€ to permanently finance. Over 2016-2024, WCR increased by +70%, requiring additional financing.
Operating WCR (2024)
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Operating WCR
Definition
Financing requirement generated by the operating cycle (inventory + receivables - trade payables).
Formula
Inventory + Customer receivables - Trade payables
Interpretation
Negative = cash released Positive = financing needed
2 798 983 €
Customer credit (2024)
?
Customer credit (days)
Definition
Average payment term granted to customers.
Formula
(Customer receivables / Revenue incl. VAT) x 360
Interpretation
< 45j : Good 45-60j : Average > 60j : Long
388 j
Supplier credit (2024)
?
Supplier credit (days)
Definition
Average payment term obtained from suppliers.
Formula
(Trade payables / Purchases incl. VAT) x 360
Interpretation
The longer the term, the better for cash flow
1957 j
Inventory turnover (2024)
?
Inventory turnover (days)
Definition
Average storage duration for goods or materials.
Formula
(Inventory / Cost of goods) x 360
Interpretation
The lower the ratio, the faster the turnover
0 j
WCR in days of revenue (2024)
?
WCR in days of revenue
Definition
Expresses working capital requirement in days of revenue.
Formula
(Operating WCR / Revenue) x 360
Interpretation
The fewer days, the better the working capital management
426 j
WCR and payment terms evolution TRAINING SQUARE
Visualization created via numbers.finance Sources : INPI & BCE - Adjustments : Ministry of Economy
Indicator
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Operating WCR
1 646 710 €
2 915 209 €
1 278 334 €
2 134 681 €
2 276 311 €
2 873 485 €
3 137 286 €
2 214 638 €
2 798 983 €
Inventory turnover (days)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Customer payment term (days)
79
115
88
163
253
452
588
381
388
Supplier payment term (days)
109
160
169
296
603
2551
2485
2389
1957
Positioning of TRAINING SQUARE in its sector
Comparison with sector Programmation informatique
Valuation estimate
Based on 120 transactions of similar company sales
(all years),
the value of TRAINING SQUARE is estimated at
1 024 967 €
(range 470 087€ - 2 762 818€).
With an EBITDA of 574 378€, the sector multiple of 2.2x is applied.
The price/revenue ratio is 0.27x
(conservative valuation).
This multiples method compares the actual sale price of similar companies to their financial indicators (Revenue, EBITDA, Net Income). It provides a market-based indicative estimate.
Estimated enterprise value2024
120 transactions
470k€1024k€2762k€
1 024 967 €Range: 470 087€ - 2 762 818€
NAF 5 all-time
Valuation detail by method
Ajustez les pondérations selon votre analyse
EBITDA Multiple50%
574 378 €×2.2x
Estimation1 277 260 €
554 235€ - 3 513 568€
Revenue Multiple30%
2 366 004 €×0.27x
Estimation642 625 €
363 268€ - 1 571 652€
Net Income Multiple20%
449 601 €×2.2x
Estimation967 751 €
419 946€ - 2 672 693€
Valuation evolution
Visualisation creee via abddaf.fr Sources : BODACC & INPI
How is this estimate calculated?
This estimate is based on the analysis of 120 actual transactions of similar company sales (same NAF code) registered with BODACC between 2016 and 2025.
EBITDA Multiple: Preferred method for profitable SMEs. EBITDA reflects the ability to generate cash.
Revenue Multiple: Used for growing companies or those with low profitability. Reflects commercial potential.
Net Income Multiple: Relevant for mature companies with stable results.
This estimate is provided for information purposes only. A precise valuation requires in-depth analysis (assets, liabilities, prospects, market...).
Similar companies (Programmation informatique)
Compare TRAINING SQUARE with other companies in the same sector:
Yes, TRAINING SQUARE generated a net profit of 450 k€ in 2024.
Where is the headquarters of TRAINING SQUARE ?
The headquarters of TRAINING SQUARE is located in ISSY-LES-MOULINEAUX (92130), in the department Hauts-de-Seine.
Where to find the tax return of TRAINING SQUARE ?
The tax return of TRAINING SQUARE is available on this page. Click on a year in the 'Data by year' section to view the account details (assets, liabilities, income statement). Data comes from INPI (National Institute of Industrial Property).
In which sector does TRAINING SQUARE operate?
TRAINING SQUARE operates in the sector Programmation informatique (NAF code 62.01Z). See the 'Sector positioning' section above to compare the company with its competitors.
Item evolution
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