THREE STAR BOOKS : revenue, balance sheet and financial ratios

THREE STAR BOOKS is a French company founded 18 years ago, specialized in the sector Édition de revues et périodiques. Based in PARIS (75013), this company of category PME shows in 2024 a revenue of 422 k€. Find below the complete financial statements, solvency ratios, working capital requirements and sector comparison.

Data updated on 2026-05-09

Sources : INPI & INSEE SIRENE - Processing : Ministry of Economy

Financial history - THREE STAR BOOKS (SIREN 499549566)
Indicator 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2016
Revenue 421 810 € 461 275 € 463 073 € 479 539 € 170 111 € 246 792 € 197 582 € 308 928 €
Net income 877 € 1 663 € 647 € 11 253 € -14 205 € 3 169 € 11 205 € 15 560 €
EBITDA -8 848 € -36 697 € -25 283 € -25 376 € -44 343 € 7 684 € -83 € 9 689 €
Net margin 0.2% 0.4% 0.1% 2.3% -8.4% 1.3% 5.7% 5.0%

Revenue and income statement

In 2024, THREE STAR BOOKS achieves revenue of 422 k€. Revenue is growing positively over 8 years (CAGR: +4.0%). Slight decline of -9% vs 2023. After deducting consumption (60 k€), gross margin stands at 362 k€, i.e. a rate of 86%. This ratio measures the ability to generate value from commercial activity. EBITDA (= Gross margin - Personnel expenses - Taxes) reaches -9 k€, representing -2.1% of revenue. Positive scissor effect: EBITDA margin improves by +5.9 pts, sign of improved operational efficiency. Negative EBITDA means operations do not cover current expenses: concerning situation. Ultimately, net income (= EBIT +/- financial result +/- exceptional - corporate tax) amounts to 877 €, i.e. 0.2% of revenue. This profit can be retained or distributed to shareholders.

Revenue (2024) ?
Revenue
Definition
Total amount of sales of goods and services made by the company.
Formula
Sales of goods + Sold production

421 810 €

Gross margin (2024) ?
Gross margin
Definition
Difference between revenue and cost of goods sold.
Formula
Revenue - Cost of goods consumed

361 859 €

EBITDA (2024) ?
Gross Operating Surplus (EBITDA)
Definition
Resources generated by current operations, before depreciation and financial expenses.
Formula
Value added - Personnel expenses - Taxes
Interpretation
Positive = profitable activity

-8 848 €

EBIT (2024) ?
EBIT (Operating Income)
Definition
Operating income, including depreciation and provisions.
Formula
EBITDA - Depreciation and provisions + Reversals

2 262 €

Net income (2024) ?
Net income
Definition
Profit or loss after all expenses, including taxes and exceptional items.
Formula
Current income + Exceptional income - Income tax

877 €

EBITDA margin (2024) ?
EBITDA margin
Definition
Measures the company's operating profitability.
Formula
(EBE / CA) x 100
Interpretation
> 10% : Good profitability
5-10% : Average
< 5% : Low

-2.1%

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Chart evolution

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Assets

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Liabilities

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Solvency and debt ratios

The debt ratio (= Financial debt / Equity x 100) stands at 11%. This very low level reflects a solid financial structure, offering significant room for future investments or acquisitions. Financial autonomy (= Equity / Total assets x 100) reaches 48%. This high autonomy means the company finances most of its assets through equity, a sign of strength. Debt repayment capacity (= Financial debt / Cash flow) indicates it would take 7.3 years of cash flow to repay all financial debt. Beyond 7 years, banks generally consider credit risk as high. Cash flow represents 0.8% of revenue. Cash flow measures resources generated by operations, available for investment and debt repayment.

Debt ratio (2024) ?
Debt ratio
Definition
Measures the proportion of debt to equity.
Formula
(Financial debt / Equity) x 100
Interpretation
< 50% : Low
50-100% : Moderate
> 100% : High

10.969%

Financial autonomy (2024) ?
Financial autonomy
Definition
Share of equity in the company's total financing.
Formula
(Equity / Total assets) x 100
Interpretation
> 30% : Good autonomy
20-30% : Average
< 20% : Low

47.578%

Cash flow / Revenue (2024) ?
Cash flow / Revenue
Definition
Self-financing capacity relative to revenue.
Formula
(CAF / CA) x 100
Interpretation
The higher the ratio, the more cash the company generates

0.76%

Repayment capacity (2024) ?
Repayment capacity
Definition
Number of years needed to repay debts with cash flow.
Formula
Financial debt / Cash flow
Interpretation
< 3 years : Excellent
3-5 years : Fair
> 5 years : Warning

7.332

Asset age ratio (2024) ?
Asset age ratio
Definition
Measures the degree of wear of tangible assets.
Formula
Accumulated depreciation / Gross fixed assets x 100
Interpretation
< 50% : Recent assets
50-70% : Normal wear
> 70% : Aging assets

43.9%

Solvency indicators evolution
THREE STAR BOOKS

Sector positioning

Debt ratio
10.97 2024
2022
2023
2024
Q1: 0.0
Med: 0.16
Q3: 24.75
Average

In 2024, the debt ratio of THREE STAR BOOKS (10.97) ranks above the median of the sector. This ratio measures the weight of debt relative to equity. A reduction effort could improve financial strength.

Financial autonomy
47.58% 2024
2022
2023
2024
Q1: 0.3%
Med: 30.06%
Q3: 58.7%
Good +6 pts over 3 years

In 2024, the financial autonomy of THREE STAR BOOKS (47.6%) ranks above the median of the sector. This ratio represents the share of equity in total financing. This comfortable position offers an appreciable safety margin.

Repayment capacity
7.33 years 2024
2022
2023
2024
Q1: 0.0 years
Med: 0.0 years
Q3: 0.28 years
Watch +51 pts over 3 years

In 2024, the repayment capacity of THREE STAR BOOKS (7.33) ranks in the top 25% of the sector. This ratio indicates the number of years needed to repay debt with cash flow. A long duration may signal heavy debt relative to repayment capacity.

Liquidity ratios

The liquidity ratio (= Current assets / Current liabilities) stands at 193.68. Concretely, the company has €2 of liquid assets for every €1 of short-term debt: no cash risk within 12 months.

Liquidity ratio (2024) ?
Liquidity ratio
Definition
Ability to meet short-term debts with current assets.
Formula
Current assets / Current liabilities
Interpretation
> 1.5 : Very good
1-1.5 : Fair
< 1 : Liquidity risk

193.682

Interest coverage (2024) ?
Interest coverage
Definition
Ability to cover interest charges with operating income.
Formula
EBIT / Interest expenses
Interpretation
> 3 : Comfortable
1.5-3 : Acceptable
< 1.5 : Risk

-3.617

Liquidity indicators evolution
THREE STAR BOOKS

Sector positioning

Liquidity ratio
193.68 2024
2022
2023
2024
Q1: 113.84
Med: 201.96
Q3: 402.09
Average

In 2024, the liquidity ratio of THREE STAR BOOKS (193.68) ranks below the median of the sector. This ratio measures the ability to cover short-term debt with current assets. An improvement would strengthen the competitive position.

Interest coverage
-3.62x 2024
2022
2023
2024
Q1: 0.0x
Med: 0.0x
Q3: 0.38x
Average

In 2024, the interest coverage of THREE STAR BOOKS (-3.6x) ranks below the median of the sector. This ratio indicates how many times operating income covers interest expenses. An improvement would strengthen the competitive position.

Working capital requirement (WCR) and payment terms

Working capital requirement (WCR) measures the cash timing gap between customer collections and supplier/inventory payments. Average customer payment term: 23 days (formula: Customer receivables / Revenue incl. VAT x 360). Supplier term: 231 days. Excellent situation: suppliers finance 208 days of the operating cycle (retail model). Inventory turnover is 238 days (= Average inventory / Cost of goods x 360). This high level ties up cash and potentially creates obsolescence risk. Overall, WCR represents 217 days of revenue, i.e. 254 k€ to permanently finance. Over 2016-2024, WCR increased by +94%, requiring additional financing.

Operating WCR (2024) ?
Operating WCR
Definition
Financing requirement generated by the operating cycle (inventory + receivables - trade payables).
Formula
Inventory + Customer receivables - Trade payables
Interpretation
Negative = cash released
Positive = financing needed

253 938 €

Customer credit (2024) ?
Customer credit (days)
Definition
Average payment term granted to customers.
Formula
(Customer receivables / Revenue incl. VAT) x 360
Interpretation
< 45j : Good
45-60j : Average
> 60j : Long

23 j

Supplier credit (2024) ?
Supplier credit (days)
Definition
Average payment term obtained from suppliers.
Formula
(Trade payables / Purchases incl. VAT) x 360
Interpretation
The longer the term, the better for cash flow

231 j

Inventory turnover (2024) ?
Inventory turnover (days)
Definition
Average storage duration for goods or materials.
Formula
(Inventory / Cost of goods) x 360
Interpretation
The lower the ratio, the faster the turnover

238 j

WCR in days of revenue (2024) ?
WCR in days of revenue
Definition
Expresses working capital requirement in days of revenue.
Formula
(Operating WCR / Revenue) x 360
Interpretation
The fewer days, the better the working capital management

217 j

WCR and payment terms evolution
THREE STAR BOOKS

Positioning of THREE STAR BOOKS in its sector

Comparison with sector Édition de revues et périodiques

Valuation estimate

Based on 67 transactions of similar company sales (all years), the value of THREE STAR BOOKS is estimated at 43 534 € (range 28 752€ - 118 458€). The price/revenue ratio is 0.16x (conservative valuation). This multiples method compares the actual sale price of similar companies to their financial indicators (Revenue, EBITDA, Net Income). It provides a market-based indicative estimate.
Medium reliability: estimate to be confirmed with in-depth analysis.

Estimated enterprise value 2024
67 tx
28k€ 43k€ 118k€
43 534 € Range: 28 752€ - 118 458€
NAF 5 all-time

Valuation detail by method

Ajustez les pondérations selon votre analyse

Revenue Multiple 30%
421 810 € × 0.16x
Estimation 69 367 €
47 282€ - 191 915€
Net Income Multiple 20%
877 € × 5.5x
Estimation 4 784 €
959€ - 8 272€
How is this estimate calculated?

This estimate is based on the analysis of 67 actual transactions of similar company sales (same NAF code) registered with BODACC between 2016 and 2025.

  • EBITDA Multiple: Preferred method for profitable SMEs. EBITDA reflects the ability to generate cash.
  • Revenue Multiple: Used for growing companies or those with low profitability. Reflects commercial potential.
  • Net Income Multiple: Relevant for mature companies with stable results.

This estimate is provided for information purposes only. A precise valuation requires in-depth analysis (assets, liabilities, prospects, market...).

Similar companies (Édition de revues et périodiques)

Compare THREE STAR BOOKS with other companies in the same sector:

Frequently asked questions about THREE STAR BOOKS

What is the revenue of THREE STAR BOOKS ?

The revenue of THREE STAR BOOKS in 2024 is 422 k€.

Is THREE STAR BOOKS profitable?

Yes, THREE STAR BOOKS generated a net profit of 877€ in 2024.

Where is the headquarters of THREE STAR BOOKS ?

The headquarters of THREE STAR BOOKS is located in PARIS (75013), in the department Paris.

Where to find the tax return of THREE STAR BOOKS ?

The tax return of THREE STAR BOOKS is available on this page. Click on a year in the 'Data by year' section to view the account details (assets, liabilities, income statement). Data comes from INPI (National Institute of Industrial Property).

In which sector does THREE STAR BOOKS operate?

THREE STAR BOOKS operates in the sector Édition de revues et périodiques (NAF code 58.14Z). See the 'Sector positioning' section above to compare the company with its competitors.