SL PUBLICATIONS : revenue, balance sheet and financial ratios

SL PUBLICATIONS is a French company founded 17 years ago, specialized in the sector Édition de livres. Based in PARIS (75006), this company of category PME shows in 2019 a revenue of 1.4 M€. Find below the complete financial statements, solvency ratios, working capital requirements and sector comparison.

Data updated on 2026-05-09

Sources : INPI & INSEE SIRENE - Processing : Ministry of Economy

Financial history - SL PUBLICATIONS (SIREN 505303065)
Indicator 2019 2017 2015
Revenue 1 387 060 € 281 162 € N/C
Net income 211 334 € -3 532 € 22 810 €
EBITDA 264 575 € -20 374 € N/C
Net margin 15.2% -1.3% N/C

Revenue and income statement

In 2019, SL PUBLICATIONS achieves revenue of 1.4 M€. Over the period 2017-2019, the company shows strong growth with a CAGR (compound annual growth rate) of +122.1%. Vs 2017, growth of +393% (281 k€ -> 1.4 M€). After deducting consumption (323 k€), gross margin stands at 1.1 M€, i.e. a rate of 77%. This ratio measures the ability to generate value from commercial activity. EBITDA (= Gross margin - Personnel expenses - Taxes) reaches 265 k€, representing 19.1% of revenue. Positive scissor effect: EBITDA margin improves by +26.3 pts, sign of improved operational efficiency. This high EBITDA margin provides strong self-financing capacity and resilience to uncertainties. Ultimately, net income (= EBIT +/- financial result +/- exceptional - corporate tax) amounts to 211 k€, i.e. 15.2% of revenue. This profit can be retained or distributed to shareholders.

Revenue (2019) ?
Revenue
Definition
Total amount of sales of goods and services made by the company.
Formula
Sales of goods + Sold production

1 387 060 €

Gross margin (2019) ?
Gross margin
Definition
Difference between revenue and cost of goods sold.
Formula
Revenue - Cost of goods consumed

1 064 035 €

EBITDA (2019) ?
Gross Operating Surplus (EBITDA)
Definition
Resources generated by current operations, before depreciation and financial expenses.
Formula
Value added - Personnel expenses - Taxes
Interpretation
Positive = profitable activity

264 575 €

EBIT (2019) ?
EBIT (Operating Income)
Definition
Operating income, including depreciation and provisions.
Formula
EBITDA - Depreciation and provisions + Reversals

237 296 €

Net income (2019) ?
Net income
Definition
Profit or loss after all expenses, including taxes and exceptional items.
Formula
Current income + Exceptional income - Income tax

211 334 €

EBITDA margin (2019) ?
EBITDA margin
Definition
Measures the company's operating profitability.
Formula
(EBE / CA) x 100
Interpretation
> 10% : Good profitability
5-10% : Average
< 5% : Low

19.0%

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Chart evolution

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Assets

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Liabilities

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Solvency and debt ratios

The debt ratio (= Financial debt / Equity x 100) stands at 97%. Debt level is high: negotiating margin with banks is reduced. Financial autonomy (= Equity / Total assets x 100) reaches 17%. Low autonomy: the company heavily depends on external financing (banks, suppliers). Debt repayment capacity (= Financial debt / Cash flow) indicates it would take 0.6 years of cash flow to repay all financial debt. This short period demonstrates excellent debt sustainability. Cash flow represents 17.8% of revenue. Cash flow measures resources generated by operations, available for investment and debt repayment. This high level provides strong self-financing capacity.

Debt ratio (2019) ?
Debt ratio
Definition
Measures the proportion of debt to equity.
Formula
(Financial debt / Equity) x 100
Interpretation
< 50% : Low
50-100% : Moderate
> 100% : High

97.024%

Financial autonomy (2019) ?
Financial autonomy
Definition
Share of equity in the company's total financing.
Formula
(Equity / Total assets) x 100
Interpretation
> 30% : Good autonomy
20-30% : Average
< 20% : Low

17.225%

Cash flow / Revenue (2019) ?
Cash flow / Revenue
Definition
Self-financing capacity relative to revenue.
Formula
(CAF / CA) x 100
Interpretation
The higher the ratio, the more cash the company generates

17.818%

Repayment capacity (2019) ?
Repayment capacity
Definition
Number of years needed to repay debts with cash flow.
Formula
Financial debt / Cash flow
Interpretation
< 3 years : Excellent
3-5 years : Fair
> 5 years : Warning

0.628

Asset age ratio (2019) ?
Asset age ratio
Definition
Measures the degree of wear of tangible assets.
Formula
Accumulated depreciation / Gross fixed assets x 100
Interpretation
< 50% : Recent assets
50-70% : Normal wear
> 70% : Aging assets

11.5%

Solvency indicators evolution
SL PUBLICATIONS

Sector positioning

Debt ratio
97.02 2019
2015
2017
2019
Q1: 0.0
Med: 3.34
Q3: 48.74
Watch +21 pts over 3 years

In 2019, the debt ratio of SL PUBLICATIONS (97.02) ranks in the top 25% of the sector. This ratio measures the weight of debt relative to equity. A high ratio may indicate excessive dependence on external financing.

Financial autonomy
17.23% 2019
2015
2017
2019
Q1: 2.81%
Med: 29.97%
Q3: 61.51%
Average -17 pts over 3 years

In 2019, the financial autonomy of SL PUBLICATIONS (17.2%) ranks below the median of the sector. This ratio represents the share of equity in total financing. An improvement would strengthen the competitive position.

Repayment capacity
0.63 years 2019
2017
2019
Q1: 0.0 years
Med: 0.0 years
Q3: 0.51 years
Average +50 pts over 2 years

In 2019, the repayment capacity of SL PUBLICATIONS (0.63) ranks above the median of the sector. This ratio indicates the number of years needed to repay debt with cash flow. A reduction effort could improve financial strength.

Liquidity ratios

The liquidity ratio (= Current assets / Current liabilities) stands at 147.93. Concretely, the company has €2 of liquid assets for every €1 of short-term debt: no cash risk within 12 months. The interest coverage ratio (= EBIT / Interest expenses) is 0.2x. Danger: operating income does not cover interest charges, unsustainable situation.

Liquidity ratio (2019) ?
Liquidity ratio
Definition
Ability to meet short-term debts with current assets.
Formula
Current assets / Current liabilities
Interpretation
> 1.5 : Very good
1-1.5 : Fair
< 1 : Liquidity risk

147.934

Interest coverage (2019) ?
Interest coverage
Definition
Ability to cover interest charges with operating income.
Formula
EBIT / Interest expenses
Interpretation
> 3 : Comfortable
1.5-3 : Acceptable
< 1.5 : Risk

0.171

Liquidity indicators evolution
SL PUBLICATIONS

Sector positioning

Liquidity ratio
147.93 2019
2015
2017
2019
Q1: 128.88
Med: 213.84
Q3: 408.99
Average -10 pts over 3 years

In 2019, the liquidity ratio of SL PUBLICATIONS (147.93) ranks below the median of the sector. This ratio measures the ability to cover short-term debt with current assets. An improvement would strengthen the competitive position.

Interest coverage
0.17x 2019
2017
2019
Q1: 0.0x
Med: 0.0x
Q3: 0.5x
Good +34 pts over 2 years

In 2019, the interest coverage of SL PUBLICATIONS (0.2x) ranks above the median of the sector. This ratio indicates how many times operating income covers interest expenses. This comfortable position offers an appreciable safety margin.

Working capital requirement (WCR) and payment terms

Working capital requirement (WCR) measures the cash timing gap between customer collections and supplier/inventory payments. Average customer payment term: 114 days (formula: Customer receivables / Revenue incl. VAT x 360). Supplier term: 117 days. Favorable situation: supplier credit is longer than customer credit by 3 days. Inventory turnover is 44 days (= Average inventory / Cost of goods x 360). Fast turnover, sign of good inventory management. Overall, WCR represents 153 days of revenue, i.e. 590 k€ to permanently finance.

Operating WCR (2019) ?
Operating WCR
Definition
Financing requirement generated by the operating cycle (inventory + receivables - trade payables).
Formula
Inventory + Customer receivables - Trade payables
Interpretation
Negative = cash released
Positive = financing needed

590 014 €

Customer credit (2019) ?
Customer credit (days)
Definition
Average payment term granted to customers.
Formula
(Customer receivables / Revenue incl. VAT) x 360
Interpretation
< 45j : Good
45-60j : Average
> 60j : Long

114 j

Supplier credit (2019) ?
Supplier credit (days)
Definition
Average payment term obtained from suppliers.
Formula
(Trade payables / Purchases incl. VAT) x 360
Interpretation
The longer the term, the better for cash flow

117 j

Inventory turnover (2019) ?
Inventory turnover (days)
Definition
Average storage duration for goods or materials.
Formula
(Inventory / Cost of goods) x 360
Interpretation
The lower the ratio, the faster the turnover

44 j

WCR in days of revenue (2019) ?
WCR in days of revenue
Definition
Expresses working capital requirement in days of revenue.
Formula
(Operating WCR / Revenue) x 360
Interpretation
The fewer days, the better the working capital management

153 j

WCR and payment terms evolution
SL PUBLICATIONS

Positioning of SL PUBLICATIONS in its sector

Comparison with sector Édition de livres

Valuation estimate

Based on 104 transactions of similar company sales (all years), the value of SL PUBLICATIONS is estimated at 440 282 € (range 173 555€ - 1 167 497€). With an EBITDA of 264 575€, the sector multiple of 1.1x is applied. The price/revenue ratio is 0.24x (conservative valuation). This multiples method compares the actual sale price of similar companies to their financial indicators (Revenue, EBITDA, Net Income). It provides a market-based indicative estimate.

Estimated enterprise value 2019
104 transactions
173k€ 440k€ 1167k€
440 282 € Range: 173 555€ - 1 167 497€
NAF 4 all-time Aggregated at NAF sub-class level

Valuation detail by method

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EBITDA Multiple 50%
264 575 € × 1.1x
Estimation 303 727 €
156 527€ - 1 246 581€
Revenue Multiple 30%
1 387 060 € × 0.24x
Estimation 338 644 €
167 158€ - 636 201€
Net Income Multiple 20%
211 334 € × 4.4x
Estimation 934 130 €
225 722€ - 1 766 735€
How is this estimate calculated?

This estimate is based on the analysis of 104 actual transactions of similar company sales (same NAF code) registered with BODACC between 2016 and 2025.

  • EBITDA Multiple: Preferred method for profitable SMEs. EBITDA reflects the ability to generate cash.
  • Revenue Multiple: Used for growing companies or those with low profitability. Reflects commercial potential.
  • Net Income Multiple: Relevant for mature companies with stable results.

This estimate is provided for information purposes only. A precise valuation requires in-depth analysis (assets, liabilities, prospects, market...).

Similar companies (Édition de livres)

Compare SL PUBLICATIONS with other companies in the same sector:

Frequently asked questions about SL PUBLICATIONS

What is the revenue of SL PUBLICATIONS ?

The revenue of SL PUBLICATIONS in 2019 is 1.4 M€.

Is SL PUBLICATIONS profitable?

Yes, SL PUBLICATIONS generated a net profit of 211 k€ in 2019.

Where is the headquarters of SL PUBLICATIONS ?

The headquarters of SL PUBLICATIONS is located in PARIS (75006), in the department Paris.

Where to find the tax return of SL PUBLICATIONS ?

The tax return of SL PUBLICATIONS is available on this page. Click on a year in the 'Data by year' section to view the account details (assets, liabilities, income statement). Data comes from INPI (National Institute of Industrial Property).

In which sector does SL PUBLICATIONS operate?

SL PUBLICATIONS operates in the sector Édition de livres (NAF code 58.11Z). See the 'Sector positioning' section above to compare the company with its competitors.