SAS TREFLE APPLICATIONS : revenue, balance sheet and financial ratios

SAS TREFLE APPLICATIONS is a French company founded 11 years ago, specialized in the sector Conseil en systèmes et logiciels informatiques. Based in BOULOGNE-BILLANCOURT (92100), this company of category PME shows in 2019 a revenue of 1.9 M€. Find below the complete financial statements, solvency ratios, working capital requirements and sector comparison.

Data updated on 2026-05-02

Sources : INPI & INSEE SIRENE - Processing : Ministry of Economy

Financial history - SAS TREFLE APPLICATIONS (SIREN 808636740)
Indicator 2019 2018 2017 2016
Revenue 1 924 076 € 2 350 766 € 1 118 398 € 627 320 €
Net income -217 873 € 310 472 € 123 131 € 105 467 €
EBITDA -292 425 € 492 019 € 171 698 € 146 125 €
Net margin -11.3% 13.2% 11.0% 16.8%

Revenue and income statement

In 2019, SAS TREFLE APPLICATIONS achieves revenue of 1.9 M€. Over the period 2016-2019, the company shows strong growth with a CAGR (compound annual growth rate) of +45.3%. Significant drop of -18% vs 2018. After deducting consumption (0 €), gross margin stands at 1.9 M€, i.e. a rate of 100%. This ratio measures the ability to generate value from commercial activity. EBITDA (= Gross margin - Personnel expenses - Taxes) reaches -292 k€, representing -15.2% of revenue. Warning negative scissor effect: despite revenue change (-18%), EBITDA varies by -159%, reducing margin by 36.1 pts. This reflects costs rising faster than revenue. Negative EBITDA means operations do not cover current expenses: concerning situation. Net income is negative at -218 k€ (-11.3% of revenue), which will impact equity.

Revenue (2019) ?
Revenue
Definition
Total amount of sales of goods and services made by the company.
Formula
Sales of goods + Sold production

1 924 076 €

Gross margin (2019) ?
Gross margin
Definition
Difference between revenue and cost of goods sold.
Formula
Revenue - Cost of goods consumed

1 924 076 €

EBITDA (2019) ?
Gross Operating Surplus (EBITDA)
Definition
Resources generated by current operations, before depreciation and financial expenses.
Formula
Value added - Personnel expenses - Taxes
Interpretation
Positive = profitable activity

-292 425 €

EBIT (2019) ?
EBIT (Operating Income)
Definition
Operating income, including depreciation and provisions.
Formula
EBITDA - Depreciation and provisions + Reversals

-216 316 €

Net income (2019) ?
Net income
Definition
Profit or loss after all expenses, including taxes and exceptional items.
Formula
Current income + Exceptional income - Income tax

-217 873 €

EBITDA margin (2019) ?
EBITDA margin
Definition
Measures the company's operating profitability.
Formula
(EBE / CA) x 100
Interpretation
> 10% : Good profitability
5-10% : Average
< 5% : Low

-15.2%

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Assets

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Liabilities

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Solvency and debt ratios

The debt ratio (= Financial debt / Equity x 100) stands at 80%. Debt level is high: negotiating margin with banks is reduced. Financial autonomy (= Equity / Total assets x 100) reaches 15%. Low autonomy: the company heavily depends on external financing (banks, suppliers).

Debt ratio (2019) ?
Debt ratio
Definition
Measures the proportion of debt to equity.
Formula
(Financial debt / Equity) x 100
Interpretation
< 50% : Low
50-100% : Moderate
> 100% : High

79.691%

Financial autonomy (2019) ?
Financial autonomy
Definition
Share of equity in the company's total financing.
Formula
(Equity / Total assets) x 100
Interpretation
> 30% : Good autonomy
20-30% : Average
< 20% : Low

15.077%

Cash flow / Revenue (2019) ?
Cash flow / Revenue
Definition
Self-financing capacity relative to revenue.
Formula
(CAF / CA) x 100
Interpretation
The higher the ratio, the more cash the company generates

-15.31%

Repayment capacity (2019) ?
Repayment capacity
Definition
Number of years needed to repay debts with cash flow.
Formula
Financial debt / Cash flow
Interpretation
< 3 years : Excellent
3-5 years : Fair
> 5 years : Warning

-0.463

Asset age ratio (2019) ?
Asset age ratio
Definition
Measures the degree of wear of tangible assets.
Formula
Accumulated depreciation / Gross fixed assets x 100
Interpretation
< 50% : Recent assets
50-70% : Normal wear
> 70% : Aging assets

74.7%

Solvency indicators evolution
SAS TREFLE APPLICATIONS

Sector positioning

Debt ratio
79.69 2019
2017
2018
2019
Q1: 0.0
Med: 2.98
Q3: 32.2
Average +45 pts over 3 years

In 2019, the debt ratio of SAS TREFLE APPLICATIONS (79.69) ranks above the median of the sector. This ratio measures the weight of debt relative to equity. A reduction effort could improve financial strength.

Financial autonomy
15.08% 2019
2017
2018
2019
Q1: 5.55%
Med: 32.65%
Q3: 59.08%
Average -18 pts over 3 years

In 2019, the financial autonomy of SAS TREFLE APPLICATIONS (15.1%) ranks below the median of the sector. This ratio represents the share of equity in total financing. An improvement would strengthen the competitive position.

Repayment capacity
-0.46 years 2019
2017
2018
2019
Q1: 0.0 years
Med: 0.0 years
Q3: 0.47 years
Excellent -26 pts over 3 years

In 2019, the repayment capacity of SAS TREFLE APPLICATIONS (-0.46) ranks in the bottom 25% of the sector, which is positive. This ratio indicates the number of years needed to repay debt with cash flow. A short capacity reflects controlled debt and good cash generation.

Liquidity ratios

The liquidity ratio (= Current assets / Current liabilities) stands at 99.96. Concretely, the company has €2 of liquid assets for every €1 of short-term debt: no cash risk within 12 months.

Liquidity ratio (2019) ?
Liquidity ratio
Definition
Ability to meet short-term debts with current assets.
Formula
Current assets / Current liabilities
Interpretation
> 1.5 : Very good
1-1.5 : Fair
< 1 : Liquidity risk

99.957

Interest coverage (2019) ?
Interest coverage
Definition
Ability to cover interest charges with operating income.
Formula
EBIT / Interest expenses
Interpretation
> 3 : Comfortable
1.5-3 : Acceptable
< 1.5 : Risk

-0.532

Liquidity indicators evolution
SAS TREFLE APPLICATIONS

Sector positioning

Liquidity ratio
99.96 2019
2017
2018
2019
Q1: 138.74
Med: 220.99
Q3: 396.62
Average

In 2019, the liquidity ratio of SAS TREFLE APPLICATIONS (99.96) ranks below the median of the sector. This ratio measures the ability to cover short-term debt with current assets. An improvement would strengthen the competitive position.

Interest coverage
-0.53x 2019
2017
2018
2019
Q1: 0.0x
Med: 0.0x
Q3: 0.57x
Average

In 2019, the interest coverage of SAS TREFLE APPLICATIONS (-0.5x) ranks below the median of the sector. This ratio indicates how many times operating income covers interest expenses. An improvement would strengthen the competitive position.

Working capital requirement (WCR) and payment terms

Working capital requirement (WCR) measures the cash timing gap between customer collections and supplier/inventory payments. Average customer payment term: 97 days (formula: Customer receivables / Revenue incl. VAT x 360). Supplier term: 113 days. Favorable situation: supplier credit is longer than customer credit by 16 days. Overall, WCR represents 82 days of revenue, i.e. 440 k€ to permanently finance. Over 2016-2019, WCR increased by +76%, requiring additional financing.

Operating WCR (2019) ?
Operating WCR
Definition
Financing requirement generated by the operating cycle (inventory + receivables - trade payables).
Formula
Inventory + Customer receivables - Trade payables
Interpretation
Negative = cash released
Positive = financing needed

439 613 €

Customer credit (2019) ?
Customer credit (days)
Definition
Average payment term granted to customers.
Formula
(Customer receivables / Revenue incl. VAT) x 360
Interpretation
< 45j : Good
45-60j : Average
> 60j : Long

97 j

Supplier credit (2019) ?
Supplier credit (days)
Definition
Average payment term obtained from suppliers.
Formula
(Trade payables / Purchases incl. VAT) x 360
Interpretation
The longer the term, the better for cash flow

113 j

Inventory turnover (2019) ?
Inventory turnover (days)
Definition
Average storage duration for goods or materials.
Formula
(Inventory / Cost of goods) x 360
Interpretation
The lower the ratio, the faster the turnover

0 j

WCR in days of revenue (2019) ?
WCR in days of revenue
Definition
Expresses working capital requirement in days of revenue.
Formula
(Operating WCR / Revenue) x 360
Interpretation
The fewer days, the better the working capital management

82 j

WCR and payment terms evolution
SAS TREFLE APPLICATIONS

Positioning of SAS TREFLE APPLICATIONS in its sector

Comparison with sector Conseil en systèmes et logiciels informatiques

Valuation estimate

Indicative estimate only : the number of comparable transactions in this sector is limited (25 transactions). This range of 167 475€ to 411 254€ is provided for information purposes only and requires in-depth analysis to be confirmed.

Estimated enterprise value 2019
Indicative
167k€ 283k€ 411k€
283 885 € Range: 167 475€ - 411 254€
NAF 5 année 2019

Valuation evolution

How is this estimate calculated?

This estimate is based on the analysis of 25 actual transactions of similar company sales (same NAF code) registered with BODACC between 2016 and 2025.

  • EBITDA Multiple: Preferred method for profitable SMEs. EBITDA reflects the ability to generate cash.
  • Revenue Multiple: Used for growing companies or those with low profitability. Reflects commercial potential.
  • Net Income Multiple: Relevant for mature companies with stable results.

This estimate is provided for information purposes only. A precise valuation requires in-depth analysis (assets, liabilities, prospects, market...).

Similar companies (Conseil en systèmes et logiciels informatiques)

Compare SAS TREFLE APPLICATIONS with other companies in the same sector:

Voir toutes les statistiques du secteur Conseil en systèmes et logiciels informatiques

Frequently asked questions about SAS TREFLE APPLICATIONS

What is the revenue of SAS TREFLE APPLICATIONS ?

The revenue of SAS TREFLE APPLICATIONS in 2019 is 1.9 M€.

Is SAS TREFLE APPLICATIONS profitable?

SAS TREFLE APPLICATIONS recorded a net loss in 2019.

Where is the headquarters of SAS TREFLE APPLICATIONS ?

The headquarters of SAS TREFLE APPLICATIONS is located in BOULOGNE-BILLANCOURT (92100), in the department Hauts-de-Seine.

Where to find the tax return of SAS TREFLE APPLICATIONS ?

The tax return of SAS TREFLE APPLICATIONS is available on this page. Click on a year in the 'Data by year' section to view the account details (assets, liabilities, income statement). Data comes from INPI (National Institute of Industrial Property).

In which sector does SAS TREFLE APPLICATIONS operate?

SAS TREFLE APPLICATIONS operates in the sector Conseil en systèmes et logiciels informatiques (NAF code 62.02A). See the 'Sector positioning' section above to compare the company with its competitors.