SAG&FORM : revenue, balance sheet and financial ratios

SAG&FORM is a French company founded 8 years ago, specialized in the sector Enseignement secondaire technique ou professionnel. Based in VILLENEUVE LA GARENNE (92390), this company of category PME shows in 2021 a revenue of 584 k€. Find below the complete financial statements, solvency ratios, working capital requirements and sector comparison.

Data updated on 2026-05-02

Sources : INPI & INSEE SIRENE - Processing : Ministry of Economy

Financial history - SAG&FORM (SIREN 830696506)
Indicator 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017
Revenue 583 937 € 343 709 € 483 971 € 387 852 € N/C
Net income -59 315 € -143 739 € 6 767 € 12 255 € -11 964 €
EBITDA -44 079 € -119 318 € 7 288 € 12 401 € -11 964 €
Net margin -10.2% -41.8% 1.4% 3.2% N/C

Revenue and income statement

In 2021, SAG&FORM achieves revenue of 584 k€. Over the period 2018-2021, the company shows strong growth with a CAGR (compound annual growth rate) of +14.6%. Vs 2020, growth of +70% (344 k€ -> 584 k€). After deducting consumption (48 k€), gross margin stands at 536 k€, i.e. a rate of 92%. This ratio measures the ability to generate value from commercial activity. EBITDA (= Gross margin - Personnel expenses - Taxes) reaches -44 k€, representing -7.5% of revenue. Positive scissor effect: EBITDA margin improves by +27.2 pts, sign of improved operational efficiency. Negative EBITDA means operations do not cover current expenses: concerning situation. Net income is negative at -59 k€ (-10.2% of revenue), which will impact equity.

Revenue (2021) ?
Revenue
Definition
Total amount of sales of goods and services made by the company.
Formula
Sales of goods + Sold production

583 937 €

Gross margin (2021) ?
Gross margin
Definition
Difference between revenue and cost of goods sold.
Formula
Revenue - Cost of goods consumed

536 051 €

EBITDA (2021) ?
Gross Operating Surplus (EBITDA)
Definition
Resources generated by current operations, before depreciation and financial expenses.
Formula
Value added - Personnel expenses - Taxes
Interpretation
Positive = profitable activity

-44 079 €

EBIT (2021) ?
EBIT (Operating Income)
Definition
Operating income, including depreciation and provisions.
Formula
EBITDA - Depreciation and provisions + Reversals

-58 144 €

Net income (2021) ?
Net income
Definition
Profit or loss after all expenses, including taxes and exceptional items.
Formula
Current income + Exceptional income - Income tax

-59 315 €

EBITDA margin (2021) ?
EBITDA margin
Definition
Measures the company's operating profitability.
Formula
(EBE / CA) x 100
Interpretation
> 10% : Good profitability
5-10% : Average
< 5% : Low

-7.5%

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Chart evolution

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Assets

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Liabilities

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Solvency and debt ratios

The debt ratio (= Financial debt / Equity x 100) stands at -364%. This very low level reflects a solid financial structure, offering significant room for future investments or acquisitions. Financial autonomy (= Equity / Total assets x 100) reaches -24%. Low autonomy: the company heavily depends on external financing (banks, suppliers).

Debt ratio (2021) ?
Debt ratio
Definition
Measures the proportion of debt to equity.
Formula
(Financial debt / Equity) x 100
Interpretation
< 50% : Low
50-100% : Moderate
> 100% : High

-363.693%

Financial autonomy (2021) ?
Financial autonomy
Definition
Share of equity in the company's total financing.
Formula
(Equity / Total assets) x 100
Interpretation
> 30% : Good autonomy
20-30% : Average
< 20% : Low

-23.843%

Cash flow / Revenue (2021) ?
Cash flow / Revenue
Definition
Self-financing capacity relative to revenue.
Formula
(CAF / CA) x 100
Interpretation
The higher the ratio, the more cash the company generates

-7.746%

Repayment capacity (2021) ?
Repayment capacity
Definition
Number of years needed to repay debts with cash flow.
Formula
Financial debt / Cash flow
Interpretation
< 3 years : Excellent
3-5 years : Fair
> 5 years : Warning

-15.277

Asset age ratio (2021) ?
Asset age ratio
Definition
Measures the degree of wear of tangible assets.
Formula
Accumulated depreciation / Gross fixed assets x 100
Interpretation
< 50% : Recent assets
50-70% : Normal wear
> 70% : Aging assets

90.4%

Solvency indicators evolution
SAG&FORM

Sector positioning

Debt ratio
-363.69 2021
2019
2020
2021
Q1: 0.0
Med: 9.36
Q3: 105.98
Excellent -43 pts over 3 years

In 2021, the debt ratio of SAG&FORM (-363.69) ranks in the bottom 25% of the sector, which is positive. This ratio measures the weight of debt relative to equity. A low ratio indicates a solid financial structure with little dependence on creditors.

Financial autonomy
-23.84% 2021
2019
2020
2021
Q1: 4.93%
Med: 24.79%
Q3: 49.83%
Watch

In 2021, the financial autonomy of SAG&FORM (-23.8%) ranks in the bottom 25% of the sector. This ratio represents the share of equity in total financing. Low autonomy may limit investment capacity and increase vulnerability.

Repayment capacity
-15.28 years 2021
2019
2020
2021
Q1: 0.0 years
Med: 0.07 years
Q3: 1.48 years
Excellent -30 pts over 3 years

In 2021, the repayment capacity of SAG&FORM (-15.28) ranks in the bottom 25% of the sector, which is positive. This ratio indicates the number of years needed to repay debt with cash flow. A short capacity reflects controlled debt and good cash generation.

Liquidity ratios

The liquidity ratio (= Current assets / Current liabilities) stands at 226.77. Concretely, the company has €2 of liquid assets for every €1 of short-term debt: no cash risk within 12 months.

Liquidity ratio (2021) ?
Liquidity ratio
Definition
Ability to meet short-term debts with current assets.
Formula
Current assets / Current liabilities
Interpretation
> 1.5 : Very good
1-1.5 : Fair
< 1 : Liquidity risk

226.772

Interest coverage (2021) ?
Interest coverage
Definition
Ability to cover interest charges with operating income.
Formula
EBIT / Interest expenses
Interpretation
> 3 : Comfortable
1.5-3 : Acceptable
< 1.5 : Risk

-2.657

Liquidity indicators evolution
SAG&FORM

Sector positioning

Liquidity ratio
226.77 2021
2019
2020
2021
Q1: 145.1
Med: 203.06
Q3: 278.4
Good +27 pts over 3 years

In 2021, the liquidity ratio of SAG&FORM (226.77) ranks above the median of the sector. This ratio measures the ability to cover short-term debt with current assets. This comfortable position offers an appreciable safety margin.

Interest coverage
-2.66x 2021
2019
2020
2021
Q1: 0.0x
Med: 0.0x
Q3: 1.4x
Watch -50 pts over 3 years

In 2021, the interest coverage of SAG&FORM (-2.7x) ranks in the bottom 25% of the sector. This ratio indicates how many times operating income covers interest expenses. Low coverage may indicate fragility to rate or income variations.

Working capital requirement (WCR) and payment terms

Working capital requirement (WCR) measures the cash timing gap between customer collections and supplier/inventory payments. Average customer payment term: 266 days (formula: Customer receivables / Revenue incl. VAT x 360). Supplier term: 172 days. The gap of 94 days means the company finances its customers for over a month before being paid relative to supplier payments. This weighs on cash flow. Overall, WCR represents 331 days of revenue, i.e. 537 k€ to permanently finance.

Operating WCR (2021) ?
Operating WCR
Definition
Financing requirement generated by the operating cycle (inventory + receivables - trade payables).
Formula
Inventory + Customer receivables - Trade payables
Interpretation
Negative = cash released
Positive = financing needed

536 568 €

Customer credit (2021) ?
Customer credit (days)
Definition
Average payment term granted to customers.
Formula
(Customer receivables / Revenue incl. VAT) x 360
Interpretation
< 45j : Good
45-60j : Average
> 60j : Long

266 j

Supplier credit (2021) ?
Supplier credit (days)
Definition
Average payment term obtained from suppliers.
Formula
(Trade payables / Purchases incl. VAT) x 360
Interpretation
The longer the term, the better for cash flow

172 j

Inventory turnover (2021) ?
Inventory turnover (days)
Definition
Average storage duration for goods or materials.
Formula
(Inventory / Cost of goods) x 360
Interpretation
The lower the ratio, the faster the turnover

0 j

WCR in days of revenue (2021) ?
WCR in days of revenue
Definition
Expresses working capital requirement in days of revenue.
Formula
(Operating WCR / Revenue) x 360
Interpretation
The fewer days, the better the working capital management

331 j

WCR and payment terms evolution
SAG&FORM

Positioning of SAG&FORM in its sector

Comparison with sector Enseignement secondaire technique ou professionnel

Valuation estimate

Based on 55 transactions of similar company sales in 2021, the value of SAG&FORM is estimated at 231 142 € (range 99 974€ - 435 619€). The price/revenue ratio is 0.40x (conservative valuation). This multiples method compares the actual sale price of similar companies to their financial indicators (Revenue, EBITDA, Net Income). It provides a market-based indicative estimate.
Medium reliability: estimate to be confirmed with in-depth analysis.

Estimated enterprise value 2021
55 tx
99k€ 231k€ 435k€
231 142 € Range: 99 974€ - 435 619€
Section année 2021 Aggregated at NAF section level

Valuation method used

Revenue Multiple
583 937 € × 0.40x = 231 142 €
Range: 99 975€ - 435 620€

Only this financial indicator is available for this company.

Valuation evolution

How is this estimate calculated?

This estimate is based on the analysis of 55 actual transactions of similar company sales (same NAF code) registered with BODACC between 2016 and 2025.

  • EBITDA Multiple: Preferred method for profitable SMEs. EBITDA reflects the ability to generate cash.
  • Revenue Multiple: Used for growing companies or those with low profitability. Reflects commercial potential.
  • Net Income Multiple: Relevant for mature companies with stable results.

This estimate is provided for information purposes only. A precise valuation requires in-depth analysis (assets, liabilities, prospects, market...).

Similar companies (Enseignement secondaire technique ou professionnel)

Compare SAG&FORM with other companies in the same sector:

Frequently asked questions about SAG&FORM

What is the revenue of SAG&FORM ?

The revenue of SAG&FORM in 2021 is 584 k€.

Is SAG&FORM profitable?

SAG&FORM recorded a net loss in 2021.

Where is the headquarters of SAG&FORM ?

The headquarters of SAG&FORM is located in VILLENEUVE LA GARENNE (92390), in the department Hauts-de-Seine.

Where to find the tax return of SAG&FORM ?

The tax return of SAG&FORM is available on this page. Click on a year in the 'Data by year' section to view the account details (assets, liabilities, income statement). Data comes from INPI (National Institute of Industrial Property).

In which sector does SAG&FORM operate?

SAG&FORM operates in the sector Enseignement secondaire technique ou professionnel (NAF code 85.32Z). See the 'Sector positioning' section above to compare the company with its competitors.