S2E : revenue, balance sheet and financial ratios

S2E is a French company founded 8 years ago, specialized in the sector Gestion de fonds. Based in BESANCON (25000), this company of category PME shows in 2023 a revenue of 410 k€. Find below the complete financial statements, solvency ratios, working capital requirements and sector comparison.

Data updated on 2026-05-02

Sources : INPI & INSEE SIRENE - Processing : Ministry of Economy

Financial history - S2E (SIREN 833811474)
Indicator 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018
Revenue 409 783 € 472 135 € 279 675 € 143 670 € 199 400 € N/C
Net income 470 678 € 433 969 € 478 970 € 29 275 € 9 626 € -8 390 €
EBITDA -260 474 € -73 407 € -121 709 € -35 388 € 9 167 € -8 390 €
Net margin 114.9% 91.9% 171.3% 20.4% 4.8% N/C

Revenue and income statement

In 2023, S2E achieves revenue of 410 k€. Over the period 2019-2023, the company shows strong growth with a CAGR (compound annual growth rate) of +19.7%. Significant drop of -13% vs 2022. After deducting consumption (0 €), gross margin stands at 410 k€, i.e. a rate of 100%. This ratio measures the ability to generate value from commercial activity. EBITDA (= Gross margin - Personnel expenses - Taxes) reaches -260 k€, representing -63.6% of revenue. Warning negative scissor effect: despite revenue change (-13%), EBITDA varies by -255%, reducing margin by 48.0 pts. This reflects costs rising faster than revenue. Negative EBITDA means operations do not cover current expenses: concerning situation. Ultimately, net income (= EBIT +/- financial result +/- exceptional - corporate tax) amounts to 471 k€, i.e. 114.9% of revenue. This profit can be retained or distributed to shareholders.

Revenue (2023) ?
Revenue
Definition
Total amount of sales of goods and services made by the company.
Formula
Sales of goods + Sold production

409 783 €

Gross margin (2023) ?
Gross margin
Definition
Difference between revenue and cost of goods sold.
Formula
Revenue - Cost of goods consumed

409 783 €

EBITDA (2023) ?
Gross Operating Surplus (EBITDA)
Definition
Resources generated by current operations, before depreciation and financial expenses.
Formula
Value added - Personnel expenses - Taxes
Interpretation
Positive = profitable activity

-260 474 €

EBIT (2023) ?
EBIT (Operating Income)
Definition
Operating income, including depreciation and provisions.
Formula
EBITDA - Depreciation and provisions + Reversals

-121 951 €

Net income (2023) ?
Net income
Definition
Profit or loss after all expenses, including taxes and exceptional items.
Formula
Current income + Exceptional income - Income tax

470 678 €

EBITDA margin (2023) ?
EBITDA margin
Definition
Measures the company's operating profitability.
Formula
(EBE / CA) x 100
Interpretation
> 10% : Good profitability
5-10% : Average
< 5% : Low

-62.5%

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Chart evolution

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Assets

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Liabilities

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Solvency and debt ratios

The debt ratio (= Financial debt / Equity x 100) stands at 21%. This very low level reflects a solid financial structure, offering significant room for future investments or acquisitions. Financial autonomy (= Equity / Total assets x 100) reaches 63%. This high autonomy means the company finances most of its assets through equity, a sign of strength. Debt repayment capacity (= Financial debt / Cash flow) indicates it would take 1.0 years of cash flow to repay all financial debt. This short period demonstrates excellent debt sustainability. Cash flow represents 79.7% of revenue. Cash flow measures resources generated by operations, available for investment and debt repayment. This high level provides strong self-financing capacity.

Debt ratio (2023) ?
Debt ratio
Definition
Measures the proportion of debt to equity.
Formula
(Financial debt / Equity) x 100
Interpretation
< 50% : Low
50-100% : Moderate
> 100% : High

21.472%

Financial autonomy (2023) ?
Financial autonomy
Definition
Share of equity in the company's total financing.
Formula
(Equity / Total assets) x 100
Interpretation
> 30% : Good autonomy
20-30% : Average
< 20% : Low

62.528%

Cash flow / Revenue (2023) ?
Cash flow / Revenue
Definition
Self-financing capacity relative to revenue.
Formula
(CAF / CA) x 100
Interpretation
The higher the ratio, the more cash the company generates

79.653%

Repayment capacity (2023) ?
Repayment capacity
Definition
Number of years needed to repay debts with cash flow.
Formula
Financial debt / Cash flow
Interpretation
< 3 years : Excellent
3-5 years : Fair
> 5 years : Warning

0.958

Asset age ratio (2023) ?
Asset age ratio
Definition
Measures the degree of wear of tangible assets.
Formula
Accumulated depreciation / Gross fixed assets x 100
Interpretation
< 50% : Recent assets
50-70% : Normal wear
> 70% : Aging assets

41.5%

Solvency indicators evolution
S2E

Sector positioning

Debt ratio
21.47 2023
2021
2022
2023
Q1: 0.0
Med: 10.76
Q3: 105.67
Average +23 pts over 3 years

In 2023, the debt ratio of S2E (21.47) ranks above the median of the sector. This ratio measures the weight of debt relative to equity. A reduction effort could improve financial strength.

Financial autonomy
62.53% 2023
2021
2022
2023
Q1: 7.73%
Med: 49.42%
Q3: 87.29%
Good -7 pts over 3 years

In 2023, the financial autonomy of S2E (62.5%) ranks above the median of the sector. This ratio represents the share of equity in total financing. This comfortable position offers an appreciable safety margin.

Repayment capacity
0.96 years 2023
2021
2022
2023
Q1: -0.04 years
Med: 0.0 years
Q3: 3.18 years
Average +6 pts over 3 years

In 2023, the repayment capacity of S2E (0.96) ranks above the median of the sector. This ratio indicates the number of years needed to repay debt with cash flow. A reduction effort could improve financial strength.

Liquidity ratios

The liquidity ratio (= Current assets / Current liabilities) stands at 231.02. Concretely, the company has €2 of liquid assets for every €1 of short-term debt: no cash risk within 12 months.

Liquidity ratio (2023) ?
Liquidity ratio
Definition
Ability to meet short-term debts with current assets.
Formula
Current assets / Current liabilities
Interpretation
> 1.5 : Very good
1-1.5 : Fair
< 1 : Liquidity risk

231.022

Interest coverage (2023) ?
Interest coverage
Definition
Ability to cover interest charges with operating income.
Formula
EBIT / Interest expenses
Interpretation
> 3 : Comfortable
1.5-3 : Acceptable
< 1.5 : Risk

-0.02

Liquidity indicators evolution
S2E

Sector positioning

Liquidity ratio
231.02 2023
2021
2022
2023
Q1: 99.49
Med: 452.76
Q3: 2885.03
Average

In 2023, the liquidity ratio of S2E (231.02) ranks below the median of the sector. This ratio measures the ability to cover short-term debt with current assets. An improvement would strengthen the competitive position.

Interest coverage
-0.02x 2023
2021
2022
2023
Q1: -59.51x
Med: 0.0x
Q3: 0.0x
Good

In 2023, the interest coverage of S2E (-0.0x) ranks above the median of the sector. This ratio indicates how many times operating income covers interest expenses. This comfortable position offers an appreciable safety margin.

Working capital requirement (WCR) and payment terms

Working capital requirement (WCR) measures the cash timing gap between customer collections and supplier/inventory payments. Average customer payment term: 441 days (formula: Customer receivables / Revenue incl. VAT x 360). Supplier term: 331 days. The gap of 110 days means the company finances its customers for over a month before being paid relative to supplier payments. This weighs on cash flow. Overall, WCR represents 1005 days of revenue, i.e. 1.1 M€ to permanently finance.

Operating WCR (2023) ?
Operating WCR
Definition
Financing requirement generated by the operating cycle (inventory + receivables - trade payables).
Formula
Inventory + Customer receivables - Trade payables
Interpretation
Negative = cash released
Positive = financing needed

1 143 950 €

Customer credit (2023) ?
Customer credit (days)
Definition
Average payment term granted to customers.
Formula
(Customer receivables / Revenue incl. VAT) x 360
Interpretation
< 45j : Good
45-60j : Average
> 60j : Long

441 j

Supplier credit (2023) ?
Supplier credit (days)
Definition
Average payment term obtained from suppliers.
Formula
(Trade payables / Purchases incl. VAT) x 360
Interpretation
The longer the term, the better for cash flow

331 j

Inventory turnover (2023) ?
Inventory turnover (days)
Definition
Average storage duration for goods or materials.
Formula
(Inventory / Cost of goods) x 360
Interpretation
The lower the ratio, the faster the turnover

0 j

WCR in days of revenue (2023) ?
WCR in days of revenue
Definition
Expresses working capital requirement in days of revenue.
Formula
(Operating WCR / Revenue) x 360
Interpretation
The fewer days, the better the working capital management

1005 j

WCR and payment terms evolution
S2E

Positioning of S2E in its sector

Comparison with sector Gestion de fonds

Valuation estimate

Based on 77 transactions of similar company sales in 2023, the value of S2E is estimated at 1 327 838 € (range 600 362€ - 2 446 781€). The price/revenue ratio is 0.50x (in line with sector norms). This multiples method compares the actual sale price of similar companies to their financial indicators (Revenue, EBITDA, Net Income). It provides a market-based indicative estimate.
Medium reliability: estimate to be confirmed with in-depth analysis.

Estimated enterprise value 2023
77 tx
600k€ 1327k€ 2446k€
1 327 838 € Range: 600 362€ - 2 446 781€
NAF 5 année 2023

Valuation detail by method

Ajustez les pondérations selon votre analyse

Revenue Multiple 30%
409 783 € × 0.50x
Estimation 205 917 €
137 602€ - 321 679€
Net Income Multiple 20%
470 678 € × 6.4x
Estimation 3 010 721 €
1 294 503€ - 5 634 434€

Valuation evolution

How is this estimate calculated?

This estimate is based on the analysis of 77 actual transactions of similar company sales (same NAF code) registered with BODACC between 2016 and 2025.

  • EBITDA Multiple: Preferred method for profitable SMEs. EBITDA reflects the ability to generate cash.
  • Revenue Multiple: Used for growing companies or those with low profitability. Reflects commercial potential.
  • Net Income Multiple: Relevant for mature companies with stable results.

This estimate is provided for information purposes only. A precise valuation requires in-depth analysis (assets, liabilities, prospects, market...).

Similar companies (Gestion de fonds)

Compare S2E with other companies in the same sector:

Frequently asked questions about S2E

What is the revenue of S2E ?

The revenue of S2E in 2023 is 410 k€.

Is S2E profitable?

Yes, S2E generated a net profit of 471 k€ in 2023.

Where is the headquarters of S2E ?

The headquarters of S2E is located in BESANCON (25000), in the department Doubs.

Where to find the tax return of S2E ?

The tax return of S2E is available on this page. Click on a year in the 'Data by year' section to view the account details (assets, liabilities, income statement). Data comes from INPI (National Institute of Industrial Property).

In which sector does S2E operate?

S2E operates in the sector Gestion de fonds (NAF code 66.30Z). See the 'Sector positioning' section above to compare the company with its competitors.