Employees: 11 (2023.0)Legal category: SCA (commandite par actions)Size: ETICreation date: 1979-09-22 (46 years)Status: ActiveBusiness sector: Conseil pour les affaires et autres conseils de gestionLocation: SAINT-CONTEST (14280), Calvados
S-PASS : revenue, balance sheet and financial ratios
S-PASS is a French company
founded 46 years ago,
specialized in the sector Conseil pour les affaires et autres conseils de gestion.
Based in SAINT-CONTEST (14280),
this company of category ETI
shows in 2024 a revenue of 4.4 M€.
Find below the complete financial statements, solvency ratios, working capital requirements and sector comparison.
In 2024, S-PASS achieves revenue of 4.4 M€. Revenue is declining over the period 2016-2024 (CAGR: -5.1%). Vs 2023, growth of +99% (2.2 M€ -> 4.4 M€). After deducting consumption (497 €), gross margin stands at 4.4 M€, i.e. a rate of 100%. This ratio measures the ability to generate value from commercial activity. EBITDA (= Gross margin - Personnel expenses - Taxes) reaches -34 k€, representing -0.8% of revenue. Warning negative scissor effect: despite revenue change (+99%), EBITDA varies by -107%, reducing margin by 24.3 pts. This reflects costs rising faster than revenue. Negative EBITDA means operations do not cover current expenses: concerning situation. Ultimately, net income (= EBIT +/- financial result +/- exceptional - corporate tax) amounts to 758 k€, i.e. 17.3% of revenue. This profit can be retained or distributed to shareholders.
Revenue (2024)
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Revenue
Definition
Total amount of sales of goods and services made by the company.
Formula
Sales of goods + Sold production
4 390 638 €
Gross margin (2024)
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Gross margin
Definition
Difference between revenue and cost of goods sold.
Formula
Revenue - Cost of goods consumed
4 390 141 €
EBITDA (2024)
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Gross Operating Surplus (EBITDA)
Definition
Resources generated by current operations, before depreciation and financial expenses.
Formula
Value added - Personnel expenses - Taxes
Interpretation
Positive = profitable activity
-34 169 €
EBIT (2024)
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EBIT (Operating Income)
Definition
Operating income, including depreciation and provisions.
Formula
EBITDA - Depreciation and provisions + Reversals
186 066 €
Net income (2024)
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Net income
Definition
Profit or loss after all expenses, including taxes and exceptional items.
Formula
Current income + Exceptional income - Income tax
757 771 €
EBITDA margin (2024)
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EBITDA margin
Definition
Measures the company's operating profitability.
Formula
(EBE / CA) x 100
Interpretation
> 10% : Good profitability 5-10% : Average < 5% : Low
-0.8%
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Income statement
Item
Amount
% Revenue
Change
The detailed income statement is not available for this company (simplified accounts or confidential data).
Chart evolution
Show :
Visualization created via numbers.finance Sources : INPI & BCE - Adjustments : Ministry of Economy
Assets
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Item
Gross
Deprec.
Net
%
Change
Assets balance sheet data not available for this company
Liabilities
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Year
%
Change
Liabilities balance sheet data not available for this company
Solvency and debt ratios
The debt ratio (= Financial debt / Equity x 100) stands at 451%. Critical situation: debt significantly exceeds equity, severely limiting borrowing capacity and exposing the company to default risk. Financial autonomy (= Equity / Total assets x 100) reaches 11%. Low autonomy: the company heavily depends on external financing (banks, suppliers). Debt repayment capacity (= Financial debt / Cash flow) indicates it would take 5.9 years of cash flow to repay all financial debt. This ratio remains within usual banking standards. Cash flow represents 19.0% of revenue. Cash flow measures resources generated by operations, available for investment and debt repayment. This high level provides strong self-financing capacity.
Debt ratio (2024)
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Debt ratio
Definition
Measures the proportion of debt to equity.
Formula
(Financial debt / Equity) x 100
Interpretation
< 50% : Low 50-100% : Moderate > 100% : High
451.338%
Financial autonomy (2024)
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Financial autonomy
Definition
Share of equity in the company's total financing.
Formula
(Equity / Total assets) x 100
Interpretation
> 30% : Good autonomy 20-30% : Average < 20% : Low
10.572%
Cash flow / Revenue (2024)
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Cash flow / Revenue
Definition
Self-financing capacity relative to revenue.
Formula
(CAF / CA) x 100
Interpretation
The higher the ratio, the more cash the company generates
19.02%
Repayment capacity (2024)
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Repayment capacity
Definition
Number of years needed to repay debts with cash flow.
Formula
Financial debt / Cash flow
Interpretation
< 3 years : Excellent 3-5 years : Fair > 5 years : Warning
5.896
Asset age ratio (2024)
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Asset age ratio
Definition
Measures the degree of wear of tangible assets.
Formula
Accumulated depreciation / Gross fixed assets x 100
Visualization created via numbers.finance Sources : INPI & BCE - Adjustments : Ministry of Economy
Indicator
2016
2017
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Debt ratio
-11487.955
197.417
6508.497
923.746
346.821
469.902
520.211
451.338
Financial autonomy
-0.614
25.608
1.062
6.652
15.792
12.247
8.131
10.572
Repayment capacity
-5.648
72.701
-2.348
3.356
3.573
6.118
11.451
5.896
Cash flow / Revenue
-43.56%
2.198%
-72.456%
56.869%
86.276%
52.749%
21.202%
19.02%
Sector positioning
Debt ratio
451.342024
2022
2023
2024
Q1: 0.0
Med: 3.98
Q3: 41.81
Average
In 2024, the debt ratio of S-PASS (451.34) ranks above the median of the sector. This ratio measures the weight of debt relative to equity. A reduction effort could improve financial strength.
Financial autonomy
10.57%2024
2022
2023
2024
Q1: 4.2%
Med: 38.87%
Q3: 76.44%
Average
In 2024, the financial autonomy of S-PASS (10.6%) ranks below the median of the sector. This ratio represents the share of equity in total financing. An improvement would strengthen the competitive position.
Repayment capacity
5.9 years2024
2022
2023
2024
Q1: 0.0 years
Med: 0.0 years
Q3: 1.1 years
Average
In 2024, the repayment capacity of S-PASS (5.90) ranks above the median of the sector. This ratio indicates the number of years needed to repay debt with cash flow. A reduction effort could improve financial strength.
Liquidity ratios
The liquidity ratio (= Current assets / Current liabilities) stands at 362.37. Concretely, the company has €2 of liquid assets for every €1 of short-term debt: no cash risk within 12 months.
Liquidity ratio (2024)
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Liquidity ratio
Definition
Ability to meet short-term debts with current assets.
Formula
Current assets / Current liabilities
Interpretation
> 1.5 : Very good 1-1.5 : Fair < 1 : Liquidity risk
362.371
Interest coverage (2024)
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Interest coverage
Definition
Ability to cover interest charges with operating income.
Formula
EBIT / Interest expenses
Interpretation
> 3 : Comfortable 1.5-3 : Acceptable < 1.5 : Risk
-1372.616
Liquidity indicators evolution S-PASS
Visualisation créée via abddaf.fr Sources : INPI & BCE - Retraitements : Ministère de l'économie
Indicator
2016
2017
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Liquidity ratio
216.458
337.798
340.753
307.512
349.289
405.592
297.942
362.371
Interest coverage
-7.977
-39.415
-79.607
-5185.235
186.004
302.299
597.833
-1372.616
Sector positioning
Liquidity ratio
362.372024
2022
2023
2024
Q1: 138.87
Med: 313.12
Q3: 966.61
Good
In 2024, the liquidity ratio of S-PASS (362.37) ranks above the median of the sector. This ratio measures the ability to cover short-term debt with current assets. This comfortable position offers an appreciable safety margin.
Interest coverage
-1372.62x2024
2022
2023
2024
Q1: 0.0x
Med: 0.0x
Q3: 0.26x
Average-50 pts over 3 years
In 2024, the interest coverage of S-PASS (-1372.6x) ranks below the median of the sector. This ratio indicates how many times operating income covers interest expenses. An improvement would strengthen the competitive position.
Working capital requirement (WCR) and payment terms
Working capital requirement (WCR) measures the cash timing gap between customer collections and supplier/inventory payments. Average customer payment term: 47 days (formula: Customer receivables / Revenue incl. VAT x 360). Supplier term: 124 days. Excellent situation: suppliers finance 77 days of the operating cycle (retail model). Overall, WCR represents 646 days of revenue, i.e. 7.9 M€ to permanently finance.
Operating WCR (2024)
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Operating WCR
Definition
Financing requirement generated by the operating cycle (inventory + receivables - trade payables).
Formula
Inventory + Customer receivables - Trade payables
Interpretation
Negative = cash released Positive = financing needed
7 873 116 €
Customer credit (2024)
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Customer credit (days)
Definition
Average payment term granted to customers.
Formula
(Customer receivables / Revenue incl. VAT) x 360
Interpretation
< 45j : Good 45-60j : Average > 60j : Long
47 j
Supplier credit (2024)
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Supplier credit (days)
Definition
Average payment term obtained from suppliers.
Formula
(Trade payables / Purchases incl. VAT) x 360
Interpretation
The longer the term, the better for cash flow
124 j
Inventory turnover (2024)
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Inventory turnover (days)
Definition
Average storage duration for goods or materials.
Formula
(Inventory / Cost of goods) x 360
Interpretation
The lower the ratio, the faster the turnover
0 j
WCR in days of revenue (2024)
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WCR in days of revenue
Definition
Expresses working capital requirement in days of revenue.
Formula
(Operating WCR / Revenue) x 360
Interpretation
The fewer days, the better the working capital management
646 j
WCR and payment terms evolution S-PASS
Visualization created via numbers.finance Sources : INPI & BCE - Adjustments : Ministry of Economy
Indicator
2016
2017
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Operating WCR
8 892 935 €
11 283 369 €
5 184 400 €
4 973 167 €
7 349 606 €
3 317 148 €
7 718 818 €
7 873 116 €
Inventory turnover (days)
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Customer payment term (days)
207
127
133
140
423
0
157
47
Supplier payment term (days)
155
129
125
268
411
468
354
124
Positioning of S-PASS in its sector
Comparison with sector Conseil pour les affaires et autres conseils de gestion
Valuation estimate
Based on 69 transactions of similar company sales
in 2024,
the value of S-PASS is estimated at
3 834 974 €
(range 1 802 786€ - 7 174 210€).
The price/revenue ratio is 0.66x
(in line with sector norms).
This multiples method compares the actual sale price of similar companies to their financial indicators (Revenue, EBITDA, Net Income). It provides a market-based indicative estimate. Medium reliability: estimate to be confirmed with in-depth analysis.
Estimated enterprise value2024
69 tx
1802k€3834k€7174k€
3 834 974 €Range: 1 802 786€ - 7 174 210€
NAF 5 année 2024
Valuation detail by method
Ajustez les pondérations selon votre analyse
Revenue Multiple30%
4 390 638 €×0.66x
Estimation2 892 992 €
1 683 636€ - 3 198 949€
Net Income Multiple20%
757 771 €×6.9x
Estimation5 247 949 €
1 981 511€ - 13 137 102€
Valuation evolution
Visualisation creee via abddaf.fr Sources : BODACC & INPI
How is this estimate calculated?
This estimate is based on the analysis of 69 actual transactions of similar company sales (same NAF code) registered with BODACC between 2016 and 2025.
EBITDA Multiple: Preferred method for profitable SMEs. EBITDA reflects the ability to generate cash.
Revenue Multiple: Used for growing companies or those with low profitability. Reflects commercial potential.
Net Income Multiple: Relevant for mature companies with stable results.
This estimate is provided for information purposes only. A precise valuation requires in-depth analysis (assets, liabilities, prospects, market...).
Similar companies (Conseil pour les affaires et autres conseils de gestion)
Compare S-PASS with other companies in the same sector:
Yes, S-PASS generated a net profit of 758 k€ in 2024.
Where is the headquarters of S-PASS ?
The headquarters of S-PASS is located in SAINT-CONTEST (14280), in the department Calvados.
Where to find the tax return of S-PASS ?
The tax return of S-PASS is available on this page. Click on a year in the 'Data by year' section to view the account details (assets, liabilities, income statement). Data comes from INPI (National Institute of Industrial Property).
In which sector does S-PASS operate?
S-PASS operates in the sector Conseil pour les affaires et autres conseils de gestion (NAF code 70.22Z). See the 'Sector positioning' section above to compare the company with its competitors.
Item evolution
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