ROYALE : revenue, balance sheet and financial ratios

ROYALE is a French company founded 69 years ago, specialized in the sector Activités des sièges sociaux. Based in ORLEANS (45000), this company of category PME shows in 2022 a revenue of 722 k€. Find below the complete financial statements, solvency ratios, working capital requirements and sector comparison.

Data updated on 2026-05-02

Sources : INPI & INSEE SIRENE - Processing : Ministry of Economy

Financial history - ROYALE (SIREN 085780518)
Indicator 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016
Revenue 721 974 € 828 810 € 921 260 € 1 153 416 € 1 122 791 € 1 094 768 € N/C
Net income 2 201 221 € 868 715 € 474 120 € 387 012 € 655 589 € 368 191 € 586 359 €
EBITDA -31 218 € 152 328 € 208 381 € 410 698 € 330 579 € 499 637 € -626 085 €
Net margin 304.9% 104.8% 51.5% 33.6% 58.4% 33.6% N/C

Revenue and income statement

In 2022, ROYALE achieves revenue of 722 k€. Revenue is declining over the period 2017-2022 (CAGR: -8.0%). Significant drop of -13% vs 2021. After deducting consumption (1 €), gross margin stands at 722 k€, i.e. a rate of 100%. This ratio measures the ability to generate value from commercial activity. EBITDA (= Gross margin - Personnel expenses - Taxes) reaches -31 k€, representing -4.3% of revenue. Warning negative scissor effect: despite revenue change (-13%), EBITDA varies by -120%, reducing margin by 22.7 pts. This reflects costs rising faster than revenue. Negative EBITDA means operations do not cover current expenses: concerning situation. Ultimately, net income (= EBIT +/- financial result +/- exceptional - corporate tax) amounts to 2.2 M€, i.e. 304.9% of revenue. This profit can be retained or distributed to shareholders.

Revenue (2022) ?
Revenue
Definition
Total amount of sales of goods and services made by the company.
Formula
Sales of goods + Sold production

721 974 €

Gross margin (2022) ?
Gross margin
Definition
Difference between revenue and cost of goods sold.
Formula
Revenue - Cost of goods consumed

721 973 €

EBITDA (2022) ?
Gross Operating Surplus (EBITDA)
Definition
Resources generated by current operations, before depreciation and financial expenses.
Formula
Value added - Personnel expenses - Taxes
Interpretation
Positive = profitable activity

-31 218 €

EBIT (2022) ?
EBIT (Operating Income)
Definition
Operating income, including depreciation and provisions.
Formula
EBITDA - Depreciation and provisions + Reversals

80 238 €

Net income (2022) ?
Net income
Definition
Profit or loss after all expenses, including taxes and exceptional items.
Formula
Current income + Exceptional income - Income tax

2 201 221 €

EBITDA margin (2022) ?
EBITDA margin
Definition
Measures the company's operating profitability.
Formula
(EBE / CA) x 100
Interpretation
> 10% : Good profitability
5-10% : Average
< 5% : Low

-4.3%

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Chart evolution

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Assets

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Liabilities

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Solvency and debt ratios

The debt ratio (= Financial debt / Equity x 100) stands at 21%. This very low level reflects a solid financial structure, offering significant room for future investments or acquisitions. Financial autonomy (= Equity / Total assets x 100) reaches 75%. This high autonomy means the company finances most of its assets through equity, a sign of strength.

Debt ratio (2022) ?
Debt ratio
Definition
Measures the proportion of debt to equity.
Formula
(Financial debt / Equity) x 100
Interpretation
< 50% : Low
50-100% : Moderate
> 100% : High

21.283%

Financial autonomy (2022) ?
Financial autonomy
Definition
Share of equity in the company's total financing.
Formula
(Equity / Total assets) x 100
Interpretation
> 30% : Good autonomy
20-30% : Average
< 20% : Low

74.993%

Cash flow / Revenue (2022) ?
Cash flow / Revenue
Definition
Self-financing capacity relative to revenue.
Formula
(CAF / CA) x 100
Interpretation
The higher the ratio, the more cash the company generates

-104.118%

Repayment capacity (2022) ?
Repayment capacity
Definition
Number of years needed to repay debts with cash flow.
Formula
Financial debt / Cash flow
Interpretation
< 3 years : Excellent
3-5 years : Fair
> 5 years : Warning

-2.34

Asset age ratio (2022) ?
Asset age ratio
Definition
Measures the degree of wear of tangible assets.
Formula
Accumulated depreciation / Gross fixed assets x 100
Interpretation
< 50% : Recent assets
50-70% : Normal wear
> 70% : Aging assets

49.5%

Solvency indicators evolution
ROYALE

Sector positioning

Debt ratio
21.28 2022
2020
2021
2022
Q1: 0.51
Med: 24.24
Q3: 115.68
Good +6 pts over 3 years

In 2022, the debt ratio of ROYALE (21.28) ranks below the median of the sector. This ratio measures the weight of debt relative to equity. This controlled position reflects prudent management.

Financial autonomy
74.99% 2022
2020
2021
2022
Q1: 18.08%
Med: 52.91%
Q3: 84.24%
Good -6 pts over 3 years

In 2022, the financial autonomy of ROYALE (75.0%) ranks above the median of the sector. This ratio represents the share of equity in total financing. This comfortable position offers an appreciable safety margin.

Repayment capacity
-2.34 years 2022
2020
2021
2022
Q1: 0.0 years
Med: 0.34 years
Q3: 4.08 years
Excellent -39 pts over 3 years

In 2022, the repayment capacity of ROYALE (-2.34) ranks in the bottom 25% of the sector, which is positive. This ratio indicates the number of years needed to repay debt with cash flow. A short capacity reflects controlled debt and good cash generation.

Liquidity ratios

The liquidity ratio (= Current assets / Current liabilities) stands at 237.94. Concretely, the company has €2 of liquid assets for every €1 of short-term debt: no cash risk within 12 months.

Liquidity ratio (2022) ?
Liquidity ratio
Definition
Ability to meet short-term debts with current assets.
Formula
Current assets / Current liabilities
Interpretation
> 1.5 : Very good
1-1.5 : Fair
< 1 : Liquidity risk

237.941

Interest coverage (2022) ?
Interest coverage
Definition
Ability to cover interest charges with operating income.
Formula
EBIT / Interest expenses
Interpretation
> 3 : Comfortable
1.5-3 : Acceptable
< 1.5 : Risk

-467.128

Liquidity indicators evolution
ROYALE

Sector positioning

Liquidity ratio
237.94 2022
2020
2021
2022
Q1: 101.24
Med: 346.19
Q3: 1582.34
Average -12 pts over 3 years

In 2022, the liquidity ratio of ROYALE (237.94) ranks below the median of the sector. This ratio measures the ability to cover short-term debt with current assets. An improvement would strengthen the competitive position.

Interest coverage
-467.13x 2022
2020
2021
2022
Q1: -30.73x
Med: 0.0x
Q3: 2.5x
Average -50 pts over 3 years

In 2022, the interest coverage of ROYALE (-467.1x) ranks below the median of the sector. This ratio indicates how many times operating income covers interest expenses. An improvement would strengthen the competitive position.

Working capital requirement (WCR) and payment terms

Working capital requirement (WCR) measures the cash timing gap between customer collections and supplier/inventory payments. Average customer payment term: 140 days (formula: Customer receivables / Revenue incl. VAT x 360). Supplier term: 93 days. The gap of 47 days means the company finances its customers for over a month before being paid relative to supplier payments. This weighs on cash flow. WCR is negative (-100 days): operations structurally generate cash.

Operating WCR (2022) ?
Operating WCR
Definition
Financing requirement generated by the operating cycle (inventory + receivables - trade payables).
Formula
Inventory + Customer receivables - Trade payables
Interpretation
Negative = cash released
Positive = financing needed

-200 456 €

Customer credit (2022) ?
Customer credit (days)
Definition
Average payment term granted to customers.
Formula
(Customer receivables / Revenue incl. VAT) x 360
Interpretation
< 45j : Good
45-60j : Average
> 60j : Long

140 j

Supplier credit (2022) ?
Supplier credit (days)
Definition
Average payment term obtained from suppliers.
Formula
(Trade payables / Purchases incl. VAT) x 360
Interpretation
The longer the term, the better for cash flow

93 j

Inventory turnover (2022) ?
Inventory turnover (days)
Definition
Average storage duration for goods or materials.
Formula
(Inventory / Cost of goods) x 360
Interpretation
The lower the ratio, the faster the turnover

0 j

WCR in days of revenue (2022) ?
WCR in days of revenue
Definition
Expresses working capital requirement in days of revenue.
Formula
(Operating WCR / Revenue) x 360
Interpretation
The fewer days, the better the working capital management

-100 j

WCR and payment terms evolution
ROYALE

Positioning of ROYALE in its sector

Comparison with sector Activités des sièges sociaux

Valuation estimate

Based on 107 transactions of similar company sales in 2022, the value of ROYALE is estimated at 5 624 892 € (range 3 510 901€ - 9 570 426€). The price/revenue ratio is 0.65x (in line with sector norms). This multiples method compares the actual sale price of similar companies to their financial indicators (Revenue, EBITDA, Net Income). It provides a market-based indicative estimate.

Estimated enterprise value 2022
107 transactions
3510k€ 5624k€ 9570k€
5 624 892 € Range: 3 510 901€ - 9 570 426€
NAF 5 année 2022

Valuation detail by method

Ajustez les pondérations selon votre analyse

Revenue Multiple 30%
721 974 € × 0.65x
Estimation 466 569 €
113 482€ - 837 235€
Net Income Multiple 20%
2 201 221 € × 6.1x
Estimation 13 362 378 €
8 607 030€ - 22 670 213€

Valuation evolution

How is this estimate calculated?

This estimate is based on the analysis of 107 actual transactions of similar company sales (same NAF code) registered with BODACC between 2016 and 2025.

  • EBITDA Multiple: Preferred method for profitable SMEs. EBITDA reflects the ability to generate cash.
  • Revenue Multiple: Used for growing companies or those with low profitability. Reflects commercial potential.
  • Net Income Multiple: Relevant for mature companies with stable results.

This estimate is provided for information purposes only. A precise valuation requires in-depth analysis (assets, liabilities, prospects, market...).

Similar companies (Activités des sièges sociaux)

Compare ROYALE with other companies in the same sector:

Frequently asked questions about ROYALE

What is the revenue of ROYALE ?

The revenue of ROYALE in 2022 is 722 k€.

Is ROYALE profitable?

Yes, ROYALE generated a net profit of 2.2 M€ in 2022.

Where is the headquarters of ROYALE ?

The headquarters of ROYALE is located in ORLEANS (45000), in the department Loiret.

Where to find the tax return of ROYALE ?

The tax return of ROYALE is available on this page. Click on a year in the 'Data by year' section to view the account details (assets, liabilities, income statement). Data comes from INPI (National Institute of Industrial Property).

In which sector does ROYALE operate?

ROYALE operates in the sector Activités des sièges sociaux (NAF code 70.10Z). See the 'Sector positioning' section above to compare the company with its competitors.