Employees: NN (None)Legal category: Société à responsabilité limitée (sans autre indication)Size: PMECreation date: 1989-02-21 (37 years)Status: ActiveBusiness sector: Édition de livresLocation: PARIS (75005), Paris
RACKHAM : revenue, balance sheet and financial ratios
RACKHAM is a French company
founded 37 years ago,
specialized in the sector Édition de livres.
Based in PARIS (75005),
this company of category PME
shows in 2019 a revenue of 500 k€.
Find below the complete financial statements, solvency ratios, working capital requirements and sector comparison.
In 2019, RACKHAM achieves revenue of 500 k€. Over the period 2016-2019, the company shows strong growth with a CAGR (compound annual growth rate) of +37.2%. Vs 2018, growth of +28% (391 k€ -> 500 k€). After deducting consumption (163 k€), gross margin stands at 337 k€, i.e. a rate of 67%. This ratio measures the ability to generate value from commercial activity. EBITDA (= Gross margin - Personnel expenses - Taxes) reaches 213 k€, representing 42.5% of revenue. Positive scissor effect: EBITDA margin improves by +8.4 pts, sign of improved operational efficiency. This high EBITDA margin provides strong self-financing capacity and resilience to uncertainties. Ultimately, net income (= EBIT +/- financial result +/- exceptional - corporate tax) amounts to 85 k€, i.e. 16.9% of revenue. This profit can be retained or distributed to shareholders.
Revenue (2019)
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Revenue
Definition
Total amount of sales of goods and services made by the company.
Formula
Sales of goods + Sold production
500 105 €
Gross margin (2019)
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Gross margin
Definition
Difference between revenue and cost of goods sold.
Formula
Revenue - Cost of goods consumed
337 384 €
EBITDA (2019)
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Gross Operating Surplus (EBITDA)
Definition
Resources generated by current operations, before depreciation and financial expenses.
Formula
Value added - Personnel expenses - Taxes
Interpretation
Positive = profitable activity
212 616 €
EBIT (2019)
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EBIT (Operating Income)
Definition
Operating income, including depreciation and provisions.
Formula
EBITDA - Depreciation and provisions + Reversals
109 559 €
Net income (2019)
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Net income
Definition
Profit or loss after all expenses, including taxes and exceptional items.
Formula
Current income + Exceptional income - Income tax
84 698 €
EBITDA margin (2019)
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EBITDA margin
Definition
Measures the company's operating profitability.
Formula
(EBE / CA) x 100
Interpretation
> 10% : Good profitability 5-10% : Average < 5% : Low
42.5%
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Income statement
Item
Amount
% Revenue
Change
The detailed income statement is not available for this company (simplified accounts or confidential data).
Chart evolution
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Visualization created via numbers.finance Sources : INPI & BCE - Adjustments : Ministry of Economy
Assets
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Item
Gross
Deprec.
Net
%
Change
Assets balance sheet data not available for this company
Liabilities
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Year
%
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Liabilities balance sheet data not available for this company
Solvency and debt ratios
The debt ratio (= Financial debt / Equity x 100) stands at 2%. This very low level reflects a solid financial structure, offering significant room for future investments or acquisitions. Financial autonomy (= Equity / Total assets x 100) reaches 1%. Low autonomy: the company heavily depends on external financing (banks, suppliers). Debt repayment capacity (= Financial debt / Cash flow) indicates it would take 0.1 years of cash flow to repay all financial debt. This short period demonstrates excellent debt sustainability. Cash flow represents 17.8% of revenue. Cash flow measures resources generated by operations, available for investment and debt repayment. This high level provides strong self-financing capacity.
Debt ratio (2019)
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Debt ratio
Definition
Measures the proportion of debt to equity.
Formula
(Financial debt / Equity) x 100
Interpretation
< 50% : Low 50-100% : Moderate > 100% : High
1.554%
Financial autonomy (2019)
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Financial autonomy
Definition
Share of equity in the company's total financing.
Formula
(Equity / Total assets) x 100
Interpretation
> 30% : Good autonomy 20-30% : Average < 20% : Low
0.945%
Cash flow / Revenue (2019)
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Cash flow / Revenue
Definition
Self-financing capacity relative to revenue.
Formula
(CAF / CA) x 100
Interpretation
The higher the ratio, the more cash the company generates
17.844%
Repayment capacity (2019)
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Repayment capacity
Definition
Number of years needed to repay debts with cash flow.
Formula
Financial debt / Cash flow
Interpretation
< 3 years : Excellent 3-5 years : Fair > 5 years : Warning
0.072
Asset age ratio (2019)
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Asset age ratio
Definition
Measures the degree of wear of tangible assets.
Formula
Accumulated depreciation / Gross fixed assets x 100
Visualization created via numbers.finance Sources : INPI & BCE - Adjustments : Ministry of Economy
Indicator
2016
2017
2018
2019
Debt ratio
0.0
0.0
2.98
1.554
Financial autonomy
0.0
0.0
1.905
0.945
Repayment capacity
0.0
0.0
0.312
0.072
Cash flow / Revenue
7.141%
17.109%
8.048%
17.844%
Sector positioning
Debt ratio
1.552019
2017
2018
2019
Q1: 0.0
Med: 3.34
Q3: 48.74
Good+12 pts over 3 years
In 2019, the debt ratio of RACKHAM (1.55) ranks below the median of the sector. This ratio measures the weight of debt relative to equity. This controlled position reflects prudent management.
Financial autonomy
0.94%2019
2017
2018
2019
Q1: 2.81%
Med: 29.97%
Q3: 61.51%
Average
In 2019, the financial autonomy of RACKHAM (0.9%) ranks below the median of the sector. This ratio represents the share of equity in total financing. An improvement would strengthen the competitive position.
Repayment capacity
0.07 years2019
2017
2018
2019
Q1: 0.0 years
Med: 0.0 years
Q3: 0.51 years
Average+28 pts over 3 years
In 2019, the repayment capacity of RACKHAM (0.07) ranks above the median of the sector. This ratio indicates the number of years needed to repay debt with cash flow. A reduction effort could improve financial strength.
Liquidity ratios
The liquidity ratio (= Current assets / Current liabilities) stands at 254.06. Concretely, the company has €2 of liquid assets for every €1 of short-term debt: no cash risk within 12 months. The interest coverage ratio (= EBIT / Interest expenses) is 0.2x. Danger: operating income does not cover interest charges, unsustainable situation.
Liquidity ratio (2019)
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Liquidity ratio
Definition
Ability to meet short-term debts with current assets.
Formula
Current assets / Current liabilities
Interpretation
> 1.5 : Very good 1-1.5 : Fair < 1 : Liquidity risk
254.065
Interest coverage (2019)
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Interest coverage
Definition
Ability to cover interest charges with operating income.
Formula
EBIT / Interest expenses
Interpretation
> 3 : Comfortable 1.5-3 : Acceptable < 1.5 : Risk
0.206
Liquidity indicators evolution RACKHAM
Visualisation créée via abddaf.fr Sources : INPI & BCE - Retraitements : Ministère de l'économie
Indicator
2016
2017
2018
2019
Liquidity ratio
263.404
277.787
277.89
254.065
Interest coverage
0.238
0.0
0.0
0.206
Sector positioning
Liquidity ratio
254.062019
2017
2018
2019
Q1: 128.88
Med: 213.84
Q3: 408.99
Good
In 2019, the liquidity ratio of RACKHAM (254.06) ranks above the median of the sector. This ratio measures the ability to cover short-term debt with current assets. This comfortable position offers an appreciable safety margin.
Interest coverage
0.21x2019
2017
2018
2019
Q1: 0.0x
Med: 0.0x
Q3: 0.5x
Good+35 pts over 3 years
In 2019, the interest coverage of RACKHAM (0.2x) ranks above the median of the sector. This ratio indicates how many times operating income covers interest expenses. This comfortable position offers an appreciable safety margin.
Working capital requirement (WCR) and payment terms
Working capital requirement (WCR) measures the cash timing gap between customer collections and supplier/inventory payments. Average customer payment term: 185 days (formula: Customer receivables / Revenue incl. VAT x 360). Supplier term: 332 days. Excellent situation: suppliers finance 147 days of the operating cycle (retail model). Inventory turnover is 325 days (= Average inventory / Cost of goods x 360). This high level ties up cash and potentially creates obsolescence risk. Overall, WCR represents 146 days of revenue, i.e. 202 k€ to permanently finance. Over 2016-2019, WCR increased by +156%, requiring additional financing.
Operating WCR (2019)
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Operating WCR
Definition
Financing requirement generated by the operating cycle (inventory + receivables - trade payables).
Formula
Inventory + Customer receivables - Trade payables
Interpretation
Negative = cash released Positive = financing needed
202 478 €
Customer credit (2019)
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Customer credit (days)
Definition
Average payment term granted to customers.
Formula
(Customer receivables / Revenue incl. VAT) x 360
Interpretation
< 45j : Good 45-60j : Average > 60j : Long
185 j
Supplier credit (2019)
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Supplier credit (days)
Definition
Average payment term obtained from suppliers.
Formula
(Trade payables / Purchases incl. VAT) x 360
Interpretation
The longer the term, the better for cash flow
332 j
Inventory turnover (2019)
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Inventory turnover (days)
Definition
Average storage duration for goods or materials.
Formula
(Inventory / Cost of goods) x 360
Interpretation
The lower the ratio, the faster the turnover
325 j
WCR in days of revenue (2019)
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WCR in days of revenue
Definition
Expresses working capital requirement in days of revenue.
Formula
(Operating WCR / Revenue) x 360
Interpretation
The fewer days, the better the working capital management
146 j
WCR and payment terms evolution RACKHAM
Visualization created via numbers.finance Sources : INPI & BCE - Adjustments : Ministry of Economy
Indicator
2016
2017
2018
2019
Operating WCR
79 030 €
211 177 €
135 434 €
202 478 €
Inventory turnover (days)
801
464
423
325
Customer payment term (days)
173
230
148
185
Supplier payment term (days)
178
250
259
332
Positioning of RACKHAM in its sector
Comparison with sector Édition de livres
Valuation estimate
Based on 104 transactions of similar company sales
(all years),
the value of RACKHAM is estimated at
233 544 €
(range 99 067€ - 711 313€).
With an EBITDA of 212 616€, the sector multiple of 1.1x is applied.
The price/revenue ratio is 0.24x
(conservative valuation).
This multiples method compares the actual sale price of similar companies to their financial indicators (Revenue, EBITDA, Net Income). It provides a market-based indicative estimate.
Estimated enterprise value2019
104 transactions
99k€233k€711k€
233 544 €Range: 99 067€ - 711 313€
NAF 4 all-time
Aggregated at NAF sub-class level
Valuation detail by method
Ajustez les pondérations selon votre analyse
EBITDA Multiple50%
212 616 €×1.1x
Estimation244 079 €
125 787€ - 1 001 769€
Revenue Multiple30%
500 105 €×0.24x
Estimation122 098 €
60 269€ - 229 383€
Net Income Multiple20%
84 698 €×4.4x
Estimation374 379 €
90 464€ - 708 068€
How is this estimate calculated?
This estimate is based on the analysis of 104 actual transactions of similar company sales (same NAF code) registered with BODACC between 2016 and 2025.
EBITDA Multiple: Preferred method for profitable SMEs. EBITDA reflects the ability to generate cash.
Revenue Multiple: Used for growing companies or those with low profitability. Reflects commercial potential.
Net Income Multiple: Relevant for mature companies with stable results.
This estimate is provided for information purposes only. A precise valuation requires in-depth analysis (assets, liabilities, prospects, market...).
Similar companies (Édition de livres)
Compare RACKHAM with other companies in the same sector:
Yes, RACKHAM generated a net profit of 85 k€ in 2019.
Where is the headquarters of RACKHAM ?
The headquarters of RACKHAM is located in PARIS (75005), in the department Paris.
Where to find the tax return of RACKHAM ?
The tax return of RACKHAM is available on this page. Click on a year in the 'Data by year' section to view the account details (assets, liabilities, income statement). Data comes from INPI (National Institute of Industrial Property).
In which sector does RACKHAM operate?
RACKHAM operates in the sector Édition de livres (NAF code 58.11Z). See the 'Sector positioning' section above to compare the company with its competitors.
Item evolution
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