Employees: NN (None)Legal category: SCA (commandite par actions)Size: ETICreation date: 2015-10-27 (10 years)Status: ActiveBusiness sector: Ingénierie, études techniquesLocation: PETIT-COURONNE (76650), Seine-Maritime
PAC : revenue, balance sheet and financial ratios
PAC is a French company
founded 10 years ago,
specialized in the sector Ingénierie, études techniques.
Based in PETIT-COURONNE (76650),
this company of category ETI
shows in 2023 a revenue of 655 k€.
Find below the complete financial statements, solvency ratios, working capital requirements and sector comparison.
In 2023, PAC achieves revenue of 655 k€. Over the period 2016-2023, the company shows strong growth with a CAGR (compound annual growth rate) of +64.6%. Significant drop of -66% vs 2022. After deducting consumption (-2.2 M€), gross margin stands at 2.8 M€, i.e. a rate of 430%. This ratio measures the ability to generate value from commercial activity. EBITDA (= Gross margin - Personnel expenses - Taxes) reaches -2.8 M€, representing -423.6% of revenue. Warning negative scissor effect: despite revenue change (-66%), EBITDA varies by -264%, reducing margin by 383.7 pts. This reflects costs rising faster than revenue. Negative EBITDA means operations do not cover current expenses: concerning situation. Net income is negative at -1.3 M€ (-198.0% of revenue), which will impact equity.
Revenue (2023)
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Revenue
Definition
Total amount of sales of goods and services made by the company.
Formula
Sales of goods + Sold production
655 138 €
Gross margin (2023)
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Gross margin
Definition
Difference between revenue and cost of goods sold.
Formula
Revenue - Cost of goods consumed
2 819 138 €
EBITDA (2023)
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Gross Operating Surplus (EBITDA)
Definition
Resources generated by current operations, before depreciation and financial expenses.
Formula
Value added - Personnel expenses - Taxes
Interpretation
Positive = profitable activity
-2 774 986 €
EBIT (2023)
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EBIT (Operating Income)
Definition
Operating income, including depreciation and provisions.
Formula
EBITDA - Depreciation and provisions + Reversals
-3 067 761 €
Net income (2023)
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Net income
Definition
Profit or loss after all expenses, including taxes and exceptional items.
Formula
Current income + Exceptional income - Income tax
-1 297 465 €
EBITDA margin (2023)
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EBITDA margin
Definition
Measures the company's operating profitability.
Formula
(EBE / CA) x 100
Interpretation
> 10% : Good profitability 5-10% : Average < 5% : Low
-423.6%
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Income statement
Item
Amount
% Revenue
Change
The detailed income statement is not available for this company (simplified accounts or confidential data).
Chart evolution
Show :
Visualization created via numbers.finance Sources : INPI & BCE - Adjustments : Ministry of Economy
Assets
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Item
Gross
Deprec.
Net
%
Change
Assets balance sheet data not available for this company
Liabilities
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Year
%
Change
Liabilities balance sheet data not available for this company
Solvency and debt ratios
The debt ratio (= Financial debt / Equity x 100) stands at 5%. This very low level reflects a solid financial structure, offering significant room for future investments or acquisitions. Financial autonomy (= Equity / Total assets x 100) reaches 7%. Low autonomy: the company heavily depends on external financing (banks, suppliers).
Debt ratio (2023)
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Debt ratio
Definition
Measures the proportion of debt to equity.
Formula
(Financial debt / Equity) x 100
Interpretation
< 50% : Low 50-100% : Moderate > 100% : High
5.416%
Financial autonomy (2023)
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Financial autonomy
Definition
Share of equity in the company's total financing.
Formula
(Equity / Total assets) x 100
Interpretation
> 30% : Good autonomy 20-30% : Average < 20% : Low
7.244%
Cash flow / Revenue (2023)
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Cash flow / Revenue
Definition
Self-financing capacity relative to revenue.
Formula
(CAF / CA) x 100
Interpretation
The higher the ratio, the more cash the company generates
-420.74%
Repayment capacity (2023)
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Repayment capacity
Definition
Number of years needed to repay debts with cash flow.
Formula
Financial debt / Cash flow
Interpretation
< 3 years : Excellent 3-5 years : Fair > 5 years : Warning
-0.019
Asset age ratio (2023)
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Asset age ratio
Definition
Measures the degree of wear of tangible assets.
Formula
Accumulated depreciation / Gross fixed assets x 100
Visualization created via numbers.finance Sources : INPI & BCE - Adjustments : Ministry of Economy
Indicator
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
Debt ratio
22243.819
-69043.619
-3184.347
379.377
525.986
510.862
25.074
5.416
Financial autonomy
0.18
-0.079
-2.43
18.17
13.243
12.33
36.898
7.244
Repayment capacity
167.191
21.701
19.944
42.273
42.044
12.106
-0.496
-0.019
Cash flow / Revenue
23.03%
209.844%
74.736%
57.44%
15.759%
30.241%
-59.825%
-420.74%
Sector positioning
Debt ratio
5.422023
2021
2022
2023
Q1: 0.0
Med: 9.47
Q3: 51.26
Good-36 pts over 3 years
In 2023, the debt ratio of PAC (5.42) ranks below the median of the sector. This ratio measures the weight of debt relative to equity. This controlled position reflects prudent management.
Financial autonomy
7.24%2023
2021
2022
2023
Q1: 11.14%
Med: 37.18%
Q3: 60.83%
Average
In 2023, the financial autonomy of PAC (7.2%) ranks below the median of the sector. This ratio represents the share of equity in total financing. An improvement would strengthen the competitive position.
Repayment capacity
-0.02 years2023
2021
2022
2023
Q1: 0.0 years
Med: 0.0 years
Q3: 1.07 years
Excellent-50 pts over 3 years
In 2023, the repayment capacity of PAC (-0.02) ranks in the bottom 25% of the sector, which is positive. This ratio indicates the number of years needed to repay debt with cash flow. A short capacity reflects controlled debt and good cash generation.
Liquidity ratios
The liquidity ratio (= Current assets / Current liabilities) stands at 33.00. Concretely, the company has €2 of liquid assets for every €1 of short-term debt: no cash risk within 12 months.
Liquidity ratio (2023)
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Liquidity ratio
Definition
Ability to meet short-term debts with current assets.
Formula
Current assets / Current liabilities
Interpretation
> 1.5 : Very good 1-1.5 : Fair < 1 : Liquidity risk
32.999
Interest coverage (2023)
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Interest coverage
Definition
Ability to cover interest charges with operating income.
Formula
EBIT / Interest expenses
Interpretation
> 3 : Comfortable 1.5-3 : Acceptable < 1.5 : Risk
-33.493
Liquidity indicators evolution PAC
Visualisation créée via abddaf.fr Sources : INPI & BCE - Retraitements : Ministère de l'économie
Indicator
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
Liquidity ratio
33.111
58.589
106.823
97.638
79.686
65.672
55.248
32.999
Interest coverage
43.385
-93.749
129.402
151.155
50.064
30.768
-10.377
-33.493
Sector positioning
Liquidity ratio
33.02023
2021
2022
2023
Q1: 150.51
Med: 232.42
Q3: 397.46
Average
In 2023, the liquidity ratio of PAC (33.00) ranks below the median of the sector. This ratio measures the ability to cover short-term debt with current assets. An improvement would strengthen the competitive position.
Interest coverage
-33.49x2023
2021
2022
2023
Q1: 0.0x
Med: 0.0x
Q3: 1.85x
Average-50 pts over 3 years
In 2023, the interest coverage of PAC (-33.5x) ranks below the median of the sector. This ratio indicates how many times operating income covers interest expenses. An improvement would strengthen the competitive position.
Working capital requirement (WCR) and payment terms
Working capital requirement (WCR) measures the cash timing gap between customer collections and supplier/inventory payments. Average customer payment term: 93 days (formula: Customer receivables / Revenue incl. VAT x 360). Supplier term: 1041 days. Excellent situation: suppliers finance 948 days of the operating cycle (retail model). Inventory turnover is 61 days (= Average inventory / Cost of goods x 360). Overall, WCR represents 1829 days of revenue, i.e. 3.3 M€ to permanently finance. Over 2016-2023, WCR increased by +799%, requiring additional financing.
Operating WCR (2023)
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Operating WCR
Definition
Financing requirement generated by the operating cycle (inventory + receivables - trade payables).
Formula
Inventory + Customer receivables - Trade payables
Interpretation
Negative = cash released Positive = financing needed
3 328 868 €
Customer credit (2023)
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Customer credit (days)
Definition
Average payment term granted to customers.
Formula
(Customer receivables / Revenue incl. VAT) x 360
Interpretation
< 45j : Good 45-60j : Average > 60j : Long
93 j
Supplier credit (2023)
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Supplier credit (days)
Definition
Average payment term obtained from suppliers.
Formula
(Trade payables / Purchases incl. VAT) x 360
Interpretation
The longer the term, the better for cash flow
1041 j
Inventory turnover (2023)
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Inventory turnover (days)
Definition
Average storage duration for goods or materials.
Formula
(Inventory / Cost of goods) x 360
Interpretation
The lower the ratio, the faster the turnover
61 j
WCR in days of revenue (2023)
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WCR in days of revenue
Definition
Expresses working capital requirement in days of revenue.
Formula
(Operating WCR / Revenue) x 360
Interpretation
The fewer days, the better the working capital management
1829 j
WCR and payment terms evolution PAC
Visualization created via numbers.finance Sources : INPI & BCE - Adjustments : Ministry of Economy
Indicator
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
Operating WCR
370 449 €
975 030 €
1 009 606 €
481 185 €
1 067 018 €
670 971 €
1 301 674 €
3 328 868 €
Inventory turnover (days)
0
0
0
0
0
0
37
61
Customer payment term (days)
360
1160
3
3
65
36
48
93
Supplier payment term (days)
35436
4082
6810
3873
636
554
302
1041
Positioning of PAC in its sector
Comparison with sector Ingénierie, études techniques
Valuation estimate
Indicative estimate only : the number of comparable transactions in this sector is limited (47 transactions).
This range of 119 209€ to 342 884€ is provided for information purposes only and requires in-depth analysis to be confirmed.
Estimated enterprise value2023
Indicative
119k€206k€342k€
206 487 €Range: 119 209€ - 342 884€
NAF 5 année 2023
Valuation evolution
Visualisation creee via abddaf.fr Sources : BODACC & INPI
How is this estimate calculated?
This estimate is based on the analysis of 47 actual transactions of similar company sales (same NAF code) registered with BODACC between 2016 and 2025.
EBITDA Multiple: Preferred method for profitable SMEs. EBITDA reflects the ability to generate cash.
Revenue Multiple: Used for growing companies or those with low profitability. Reflects commercial potential.
Net Income Multiple: Relevant for mature companies with stable results.
This estimate is provided for information purposes only. A precise valuation requires in-depth analysis (assets, liabilities, prospects, market...).
Similar companies (Ingénierie, études techniques)
Compare PAC with other companies in the same sector:
The headquarters of PAC is located in PETIT-COURONNE (76650), in the department Seine-Maritime.
Where to find the tax return of PAC ?
The tax return of PAC is available on this page. Click on a year in the 'Data by year' section to view the account details (assets, liabilities, income statement). Data comes from INPI (National Institute of Industrial Property).
In which sector does PAC operate?
PAC operates in the sector Ingénierie, études techniques (NAF code 71.12B). See the 'Sector positioning' section above to compare the company with its competitors.
Item evolution
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