METROPOLITAN FORMATIONS : revenue, balance sheet and financial ratios

METROPOLITAN FORMATIONS is a French company founded 42 years ago, specialized in the sector Formation continue d'adultes. Based in BOULOGNE-BILLANCOURT (92100), this company of category PME shows in 2023 a revenue of 1.2 M€. Find below the complete financial statements, solvency ratios, working capital requirements and sector comparison.

Data updated on 2026-05-02

Sources : INPI & INSEE SIRENE - Processing : Ministry of Economy

Financial history - METROPOLITAN FORMATIONS (SIREN 328231766)
Indicator 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015
Revenue 1 248 083 € 1 370 076 € 1 461 451 € 1 650 360 € 2 151 949 € 2 220 349 € 2 312 671 € 2 047 359 € 1 922 462 €
Net income -81 866 € -277 697 € -278 990 € -62 758 € -46 333 € 73 049 € 96 908 € 42 288 € -14 061 €
EBITDA -79 715 € -205 423 € -295 246 € -93 982 € -17 892 € 109 377 € 195 075 € 71 027 € -3 362 €
Net margin -6.6% -20.3% -19.1% -3.8% -2.2% 3.3% 4.2% 2.1% -0.7%

Revenue and income statement

In 2023, METROPOLITAN FORMATIONS achieves revenue of 1.2 M€. Revenue is declining over the period 2015-2023 (CAGR: -5.3%). Slight decline of -9% vs 2022. After deducting consumption (25 k€), gross margin stands at 1.2 M€, i.e. a rate of 98%. This ratio measures the ability to generate value from commercial activity. EBITDA (= Gross margin - Personnel expenses - Taxes) reaches -80 k€, representing -6.4% of revenue. Positive scissor effect: EBITDA margin improves by +8.6 pts, sign of improved operational efficiency. Negative EBITDA means operations do not cover current expenses: concerning situation. Net income is negative at -82 k€ (-6.6% of revenue), which will impact equity.

Revenue (2023) ?
Revenue
Definition
Total amount of sales of goods and services made by the company.
Formula
Sales of goods + Sold production

1 248 083 €

Gross margin (2023) ?
Gross margin
Definition
Difference between revenue and cost of goods sold.
Formula
Revenue - Cost of goods consumed

1 223 444 €

EBITDA (2023) ?
Gross Operating Surplus (EBITDA)
Definition
Resources generated by current operations, before depreciation and financial expenses.
Formula
Value added - Personnel expenses - Taxes
Interpretation
Positive = profitable activity

-79 715 €

EBIT (2023) ?
EBIT (Operating Income)
Definition
Operating income, including depreciation and provisions.
Formula
EBITDA - Depreciation and provisions + Reversals

-94 328 €

Net income (2023) ?
Net income
Definition
Profit or loss after all expenses, including taxes and exceptional items.
Formula
Current income + Exceptional income - Income tax

-81 866 €

EBITDA margin (2023) ?
EBITDA margin
Definition
Measures the company's operating profitability.
Formula
(EBE / CA) x 100
Interpretation
> 10% : Good profitability
5-10% : Average
< 5% : Low

-6.3%

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Chart evolution

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Assets

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Liabilities

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Solvency and debt ratios

The debt ratio (= Financial debt / Equity x 100) stands at -33%. This very low level reflects a solid financial structure, offering significant room for future investments or acquisitions. Financial autonomy (= Equity / Total assets x 100) reaches -53%. Low autonomy: the company heavily depends on external financing (banks, suppliers).

Debt ratio (2023) ?
Debt ratio
Definition
Measures the proportion of debt to equity.
Formula
(Financial debt / Equity) x 100
Interpretation
< 50% : Low
50-100% : Moderate
> 100% : High

-32.501%

Financial autonomy (2023) ?
Financial autonomy
Definition
Share of equity in the company's total financing.
Formula
(Equity / Total assets) x 100
Interpretation
> 30% : Good autonomy
20-30% : Average
< 20% : Low

-53.46%

Cash flow / Revenue (2023) ?
Cash flow / Revenue
Definition
Self-financing capacity relative to revenue.
Formula
(CAF / CA) x 100
Interpretation
The higher the ratio, the more cash the company generates

-6.075%

Repayment capacity (2023) ?
Repayment capacity
Definition
Number of years needed to repay debts with cash flow.
Formula
Financial debt / Cash flow
Interpretation
< 3 years : Excellent
3-5 years : Fair
> 5 years : Warning

-1.987

Asset age ratio (2023) ?
Asset age ratio
Definition
Measures the degree of wear of tangible assets.
Formula
Accumulated depreciation / Gross fixed assets x 100
Interpretation
< 50% : Recent assets
50-70% : Normal wear
> 70% : Aging assets

8.9%

Solvency indicators evolution
METROPOLITAN FORMATIONS

Sector positioning

Debt ratio
-32.5 2023
2021
2022
2023
Q1: 0.0
Med: 3.62
Q3: 37.96
Excellent

In 2023, the debt ratio of METROPOLITAN FORMATIONS (-32.50) ranks in the bottom 25% of the sector, which is positive. This ratio measures the weight of debt relative to equity. A low ratio indicates a solid financial structure with little dependence on creditors.

Financial autonomy
-53.46% 2023
2021
2022
2023
Q1: 1.77%
Med: 30.93%
Q3: 61.22%
Average

In 2023, the financial autonomy of METROPOLITAN FORMATIONS (-53.5%) ranks below the median of the sector. This ratio represents the share of equity in total financing. An improvement would strengthen the competitive position.

Repayment capacity
-1.99 years 2023
2021
2022
2023
Q1: 0.0 years
Med: 0.0 years
Q3: 0.54 years
Excellent

In 2023, the repayment capacity of METROPOLITAN FORMATIONS (-1.99) ranks in the bottom 25% of the sector, which is positive. This ratio indicates the number of years needed to repay debt with cash flow. A short capacity reflects controlled debt and good cash generation.

Liquidity ratios

The liquidity ratio (= Current assets / Current liabilities) stands at 91.33. Concretely, the company has €2 of liquid assets for every €1 of short-term debt: no cash risk within 12 months.

Liquidity ratio (2023) ?
Liquidity ratio
Definition
Ability to meet short-term debts with current assets.
Formula
Current assets / Current liabilities
Interpretation
> 1.5 : Very good
1-1.5 : Fair
< 1 : Liquidity risk

91.333

Interest coverage (2023) ?
Interest coverage
Definition
Ability to cover interest charges with operating income.
Formula
EBIT / Interest expenses
Interpretation
> 3 : Comfortable
1.5-3 : Acceptable
< 1.5 : Risk

-1.402

Liquidity indicators evolution
METROPOLITAN FORMATIONS

Sector positioning

Liquidity ratio
91.33 2023
2021
2022
2023
Q1: 129.96
Med: 228.25
Q3: 426.41
Watch

In 2023, the liquidity ratio of METROPOLITAN FORMATIONS (91.33) ranks in the bottom 25% of the sector. This ratio measures the ability to cover short-term debt with current assets. A ratio below 1 may signal potential cash flow tensions.

Interest coverage
-1.4x 2023
2021
2022
2023
Q1: 0.0x
Med: 0.0x
Q3: 0.69x
Average

In 2023, the interest coverage of METROPOLITAN FORMATIONS (-1.4x) ranks below the median of the sector. This ratio indicates how many times operating income covers interest expenses. An improvement would strengthen the competitive position.

Working capital requirement (WCR) and payment terms

Working capital requirement (WCR) measures the cash timing gap between customer collections and supplier/inventory payments. Average customer payment term: 148 days (formula: Customer receivables / Revenue incl. VAT x 360). Supplier term: 122 days. The company must finance 26 days of gap between collections and payments. WCR is negative (-103 days): operations structurally generate cash. Notable WCR improvement over the period (-777%), freeing up cash.

Operating WCR (2023) ?
Operating WCR
Definition
Financing requirement generated by the operating cycle (inventory + receivables - trade payables).
Formula
Inventory + Customer receivables - Trade payables
Interpretation
Negative = cash released
Positive = financing needed

-357 676 €

Customer credit (2023) ?
Customer credit (days)
Definition
Average payment term granted to customers.
Formula
(Customer receivables / Revenue incl. VAT) x 360
Interpretation
< 45j : Good
45-60j : Average
> 60j : Long

148 j

Supplier credit (2023) ?
Supplier credit (days)
Definition
Average payment term obtained from suppliers.
Formula
(Trade payables / Purchases incl. VAT) x 360
Interpretation
The longer the term, the better for cash flow

122 j

Inventory turnover (2023) ?
Inventory turnover (days)
Definition
Average storage duration for goods or materials.
Formula
(Inventory / Cost of goods) x 360
Interpretation
The lower the ratio, the faster the turnover

0 j

WCR in days of revenue (2023) ?
WCR in days of revenue
Definition
Expresses working capital requirement in days of revenue.
Formula
(Operating WCR / Revenue) x 360
Interpretation
The fewer days, the better the working capital management

-103 j

WCR and payment terms evolution
METROPOLITAN FORMATIONS

Positioning of METROPOLITAN FORMATIONS in its sector

Comparison with sector Formation continue d'adultes

Valuation estimate

Based on 134 transactions of similar company sales (all years), the value of METROPOLITAN FORMATIONS is estimated at 446 113 € (range 148 840€ - 872 235€). The price/revenue ratio is 0.36x (conservative valuation). This multiples method compares the actual sale price of similar companies to their financial indicators (Revenue, EBITDA, Net Income). It provides a market-based indicative estimate.

Estimated enterprise value 2023
134 transactions
148k€ 446k€ 872k€
446 113 € Range: 148 840€ - 872 235€
NAF 5 all-time

Valuation method used

Revenue Multiple
1 248 083 € × 0.36x = 446 113 €
Range: 148 840€ - 872 235€

Only this financial indicator is available for this company.

Valuation evolution

How is this estimate calculated?

This estimate is based on the analysis of 134 actual transactions of similar company sales (same NAF code) registered with BODACC between 2016 and 2025.

  • EBITDA Multiple: Preferred method for profitable SMEs. EBITDA reflects the ability to generate cash.
  • Revenue Multiple: Used for growing companies or those with low profitability. Reflects commercial potential.
  • Net Income Multiple: Relevant for mature companies with stable results.

This estimate is provided for information purposes only. A precise valuation requires in-depth analysis (assets, liabilities, prospects, market...).

Similar companies (Formation continue d'adultes)

Compare METROPOLITAN FORMATIONS with other companies in the same sector:

Voir toutes les statistiques du secteur Formation continue d'adultes

Frequently asked questions about METROPOLITAN FORMATIONS

What is the revenue of METROPOLITAN FORMATIONS ?

The revenue of METROPOLITAN FORMATIONS in 2023 is 1.2 M€.

Is METROPOLITAN FORMATIONS profitable?

METROPOLITAN FORMATIONS recorded a net loss in 2023.

Where is the headquarters of METROPOLITAN FORMATIONS ?

The headquarters of METROPOLITAN FORMATIONS is located in BOULOGNE-BILLANCOURT (92100), in the department Hauts-de-Seine.

Where to find the tax return of METROPOLITAN FORMATIONS ?

The tax return of METROPOLITAN FORMATIONS is available on this page. Click on a year in the 'Data by year' section to view the account details (assets, liabilities, income statement). Data comes from INPI (National Institute of Industrial Property).

In which sector does METROPOLITAN FORMATIONS operate?

METROPOLITAN FORMATIONS operates in the sector Formation continue d'adultes (NAF code 85.59A). See the 'Sector positioning' section above to compare the company with its competitors.