Employees: NN (None)Legal category: Société à responsabilité limitée (sans autre indication)Size: PMECreation date: 2005-10-05 (20 years)Status: ActiveBusiness sector: Formation continue d'adultesLocation: SAINT-PAUL (97460), La Reunion
MD FORMATION : revenue, balance sheet and financial ratios
MD FORMATION is a French company
founded 20 years ago,
specialized in the sector Formation continue d'adultes.
Based in SAINT-PAUL (97460),
this company of category PME
shows in 2018 a revenue of 22 k€.
Find below the complete financial statements, solvency ratios, working capital requirements and sector comparison.
Financial history - MD FORMATION (SIREN 484429428)
Indicator
2018
2017
2016
2015
Revenue
21 624 €
21 262 €
15 683 €
13 551 €
Net income
-41 €
805 €
-14 €
-68 €
EBITDA
178 €
979 €
32 €
-652 €
Net margin
-0.2%
3.8%
-0.1%
-0.5%
Revenue and income statement
In 2018, MD FORMATION achieves revenue of 22 k€. Over the period 2015-2018, the company shows strong growth with a CAGR (compound annual growth rate) of +16.9%. Vs 2017: +2%. After deducting consumption (0 €), gross margin stands at 22 k€, i.e. a rate of 100%. This ratio measures the ability to generate value from commercial activity. EBITDA (= Gross margin - Personnel expenses - Taxes) reaches 178 €, representing 0.8% of revenue. Warning negative scissor effect: despite revenue change (+2%), EBITDA varies by -82%, reducing margin by 3.8 pts. This reflects costs rising faster than revenue. The operating margin remains fragile, requiring cost vigilance. Net income is negative at -41 € (-0.2% of revenue), which will impact equity.
Revenue (2018)
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Revenue
Definition
Total amount of sales of goods and services made by the company.
Formula
Sales of goods + Sold production
21 624 €
Gross margin (2018)
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Gross margin
Definition
Difference between revenue and cost of goods sold.
Formula
Revenue - Cost of goods consumed
21 624 €
EBITDA (2018)
?
Gross Operating Surplus (EBITDA)
Definition
Resources generated by current operations, before depreciation and financial expenses.
Formula
Value added - Personnel expenses - Taxes
Interpretation
Positive = profitable activity
178 €
EBIT (2018)
?
EBIT (Operating Income)
Definition
Operating income, including depreciation and provisions.
Formula
EBITDA - Depreciation and provisions + Reversals
5 €
Net income (2018)
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Net income
Definition
Profit or loss after all expenses, including taxes and exceptional items.
Formula
Current income + Exceptional income - Income tax
-41 €
EBITDA margin (2018)
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EBITDA margin
Definition
Measures the company's operating profitability.
Formula
(EBE / CA) x 100
Interpretation
> 10% : Good profitability 5-10% : Average < 5% : Low
0.8%
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Income statement
Item
Amount
% Revenue
Change
The detailed income statement is not available for this company (simplified accounts or confidential data).
Chart evolution
Show :
Visualization created via numbers.finance Sources : INPI & BCE - Adjustments : Ministry of Economy
Assets
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Item
Gross
Deprec.
Net
%
Change
Assets balance sheet data not available for this company
Liabilities
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Item
Year
%
Change
Liabilities balance sheet data not available for this company
Solvency and debt ratios
The debt ratio (= Financial debt / Equity x 100) stands at 256%. Critical situation: debt significantly exceeds equity, severely limiting borrowing capacity and exposing the company to default risk. Financial autonomy (= Equity / Total assets x 100) reaches 72%. This high autonomy means the company finances most of its assets through equity, a sign of strength. Cash flow represents 0.6% of revenue. Cash flow measures resources generated by operations, available for investment and debt repayment.
Debt ratio (2018)
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Debt ratio
Definition
Measures the proportion of debt to equity.
Formula
(Financial debt / Equity) x 100
Interpretation
< 50% : Low 50-100% : Moderate > 100% : High
256.42%
Financial autonomy (2018)
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Financial autonomy
Definition
Share of equity in the company's total financing.
Formula
(Equity / Total assets) x 100
Interpretation
> 30% : Good autonomy 20-30% : Average < 20% : Low
71.943%
Cash flow / Revenue (2018)
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Cash flow / Revenue
Definition
Self-financing capacity relative to revenue.
Formula
(CAF / CA) x 100
Interpretation
The higher the ratio, the more cash the company generates
0.61%
Repayment capacity (2018)
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Repayment capacity
Definition
Number of years needed to repay debts with cash flow.
Formula
Financial debt / Cash flow
Interpretation
< 3 years : Excellent 3-5 years : Fair > 5 years : Warning
0.0
Solvency indicators evolution MD FORMATION
Visualization created via numbers.finance Sources : INPI & BCE - Adjustments : Ministry of Economy
Indicator
2015
2016
2017
2018
Debt ratio
0.0
202.517
288.37
256.42
Financial autonomy
0.0
66.923
72.945
71.943
Repayment capacity
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Cash flow / Revenue
-0.502%
-0.089%
3.786%
0.61%
Sector positioning
Debt ratio
256.422018
2016
2017
2018
Q1: 0.0
Med: 4.6
Q3: 42.38
Watch
In 2018, the debt ratio of MD FORMATION (256.42) ranks in the top 25% of the sector. This ratio measures the weight of debt relative to equity. A high ratio may indicate excessive dependence on external financing.
Financial autonomy
71.94%2018
2016
2017
2018
Q1: 5.07%
Med: 32.22%
Q3: 60.74%
Excellent
In 2018, the financial autonomy of MD FORMATION (71.9%) ranks in the top 25% of the sector. This ratio represents the share of equity in total financing. High autonomy reflects financial independence and ability to absorb shocks.
Repayment capacity
0.0 years2018
2016
2017
2018
Q1: 0.0 years
Med: 0.0 years
Q3: 0.54 years
Excellent
In 2018, the repayment capacity of MD FORMATION (0.00) ranks in the bottom 25% of the sector, which is positive. This ratio indicates the number of years needed to repay debt with cash flow. A short capacity reflects controlled debt and good cash generation.
Liquidity ratios
The liquidity ratio (= Current assets / Current liabilities) stands at 139.00. Concretely, the company has €2 of liquid assets for every €1 of short-term debt: no cash risk within 12 months. The interest coverage ratio (= EBIT / Interest expenses) is 25.8x. Operating income very largely covers interest expenses: high safety margin.
Liquidity ratio (2018)
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Liquidity ratio
Definition
Ability to meet short-term debts with current assets.
Formula
Current assets / Current liabilities
Interpretation
> 1.5 : Very good 1-1.5 : Fair < 1 : Liquidity risk
138.998
Interest coverage (2018)
?
Interest coverage
Definition
Ability to cover interest charges with operating income.
Formula
EBIT / Interest expenses
Interpretation
> 3 : Comfortable 1.5-3 : Acceptable < 1.5 : Risk
25.843
Liquidity indicators evolution MD FORMATION
Visualisation créée via abddaf.fr Sources : INPI & BCE - Retraitements : Ministère de l'économie
Indicator
2015
2016
2017
2018
Liquidity ratio
230.473
149.426
133.713
138.998
Interest coverage
-7.055
140.625
4.699
25.843
Sector positioning
Liquidity ratio
139.02018
2016
2017
2018
Q1: 126.94
Med: 209.82
Q3: 365.84
Average-5 pts over 3 years
In 2018, the liquidity ratio of MD FORMATION (139.00) ranks below the median of the sector. This ratio measures the ability to cover short-term debt with current assets. An improvement would strengthen the competitive position.
Interest coverage
25.84x2018
2016
2017
2018
Q1: 0.0x
Med: 0.0x
Q3: 0.57x
Excellent
In 2018, the interest coverage of MD FORMATION (25.8x) ranks in the top 25% of the sector. This ratio indicates how many times operating income covers interest expenses. High coverage means financial charges weigh little on profitability.
Working capital requirement (WCR) and payment terms
Working capital requirement (WCR) measures the cash timing gap between customer collections and supplier/inventory payments. Average customer payment term: 12 days (formula: Customer receivables / Revenue incl. VAT x 360). Supplier term: 0 days. The company must finance 12 days of gap between collections and payments. WCR is negative (-65 days): operations structurally generate cash. Notable WCR improvement over the period (-3091%), freeing up cash.
Operating WCR (2018)
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Operating WCR
Definition
Financing requirement generated by the operating cycle (inventory + receivables - trade payables).
Formula
Inventory + Customer receivables - Trade payables
Interpretation
Negative = cash released Positive = financing needed
-3 887 €
Customer credit (2018)
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Customer credit (days)
Definition
Average payment term granted to customers.
Formula
(Customer receivables / Revenue incl. VAT) x 360
Interpretation
< 45j : Good 45-60j : Average > 60j : Long
12 j
Supplier credit (2018)
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Supplier credit (days)
Definition
Average payment term obtained from suppliers.
Formula
(Trade payables / Purchases incl. VAT) x 360
Interpretation
The longer the term, the better for cash flow
0 j
Inventory turnover (2018)
?
Inventory turnover (days)
Definition
Average storage duration for goods or materials.
Formula
(Inventory / Cost of goods) x 360
Interpretation
The lower the ratio, the faster the turnover
0 j
WCR in days of revenue (2018)
?
WCR in days of revenue
Definition
Expresses working capital requirement in days of revenue.
Formula
(Operating WCR / Revenue) x 360
Interpretation
The fewer days, the better the working capital management
-65 j
WCR and payment terms evolution MD FORMATION
Visualization created via numbers.finance Sources : INPI & BCE - Adjustments : Ministry of Economy
Indicator
2015
2016
2017
2018
Operating WCR
130 €
-1 262 €
-2 850 €
-3 887 €
Inventory turnover (days)
0
0
0
0
Customer payment term (days)
21
16
37
12
Supplier payment term (days)
37
0
0
0
Positioning of MD FORMATION in its sector
Comparison with sector Formation continue d'adultes
Valuation estimate
Based on 134 transactions of similar company sales
(all years),
the value of MD FORMATION is estimated at
3 139 €
(range 1 054€ - 6 294€).
With an EBITDA of 178€, the sector multiple of 2.2x is applied.
The price/revenue ratio is 0.36x
(conservative valuation).
This multiples method compares the actual sale price of similar companies to their financial indicators (Revenue, EBITDA, Net Income). It provides a market-based indicative estimate.
Estimated enterprise value2018
134 transactions
1k€3k€6k€
3 139 €Range: 1 054€ - 6 294€
NAF 5 all-time
Valuation detail by method
Ajustez les pondérations selon votre analyse
EBITDA Multiple50%
178 €×2.2x
Estimation386 €
140€ - 1 004€
Revenue Multiple30%
21 624 €×0.36x
Estimation7 729 €
2 579€ - 15 112€
Valuation evolution
Visualisation creee via abddaf.fr Sources : BODACC & INPI
How is this estimate calculated?
This estimate is based on the analysis of 134 actual transactions of similar company sales (same NAF code) registered with BODACC between 2016 and 2025.
EBITDA Multiple: Preferred method for profitable SMEs. EBITDA reflects the ability to generate cash.
Revenue Multiple: Used for growing companies or those with low profitability. Reflects commercial potential.
Net Income Multiple: Relevant for mature companies with stable results.
This estimate is provided for information purposes only. A precise valuation requires in-depth analysis (assets, liabilities, prospects, market...).
Similar companies (Formation continue d'adultes)
Compare MD FORMATION with other companies in the same sector:
The headquarters of MD FORMATION is located in SAINT-PAUL (97460), in the department La Reunion.
Where to find the tax return of MD FORMATION ?
The tax return of MD FORMATION is available on this page. Click on a year in the 'Data by year' section to view the account details (assets, liabilities, income statement). Data comes from INPI (National Institute of Industrial Property).
In which sector does MD FORMATION operate?
MD FORMATION operates in the sector Formation continue d'adultes (NAF code 85.59A). See the 'Sector positioning' section above to compare the company with its competitors.
Item evolution
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