LIBRAIRIE GENERALE FRANCAISE : revenue, balance sheet and financial ratios

LIBRAIRIE GENERALE FRANCAISE is a French company founded 72 years ago, specialized in the sector Édition de livres. Based in PARIS (75006), this company of category GE shows in 2024 a revenue of 78.0 M€. Find below the complete financial statements, solvency ratios, working capital requirements and sector comparison.

Data updated on 2026-05-09

Sources : INPI & INSEE SIRENE - Processing : Ministry of Economy

Financial history - LIBRAIRIE GENERALE FRANCAISE (SIREN 542086749)
Indicator 2024 2023 2022 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016
Revenue 77 987 758 € 81 262 550 € 70 754 604 € 69 101 573 € 67 480 292 € 62 742 843 € 62 247 579 € 58 439 768 €
Net income 14 857 935 € 13 815 020 € 12 779 510 € 10 585 968 € 11 898 786 € 8 446 248 € 9 503 384 € 8 029 168 €
EBITDA 44 638 419 € 46 354 880 € 38 634 950 € 40 015 824 € 35 843 499 € 33 373 976 € 34 086 441 € 31 177 071 €
Net margin 19.1% 17.0% 18.1% 15.3% 17.6% 13.5% 15.3% 13.7%

Revenue and income statement

In 2024, LIBRAIRIE GENERALE FRANCAISE achieves revenue of 78.0 M€. Revenue is growing positively over 8 years (CAGR: +3.7%). Slight decline of -4% vs 2023. After deducting consumption (6.2 M€), gross margin stands at 71.8 M€, i.e. a rate of 92%. This ratio measures the ability to generate value from commercial activity. EBITDA (= Gross margin - Personnel expenses - Taxes) reaches 44.6 M€, representing 57.2% of revenue. This high EBITDA margin provides strong self-financing capacity and resilience to uncertainties. Ultimately, net income (= EBIT +/- financial result +/- exceptional - corporate tax) amounts to 14.9 M€, i.e. 19.1% of revenue. This profit can be retained or distributed to shareholders.

Revenue (2024) ?
Revenue
Definition
Total amount of sales of goods and services made by the company.
Formula
Sales of goods + Sold production

77 987 758 €

Gross margin (2024) ?
Gross margin
Definition
Difference between revenue and cost of goods sold.
Formula
Revenue - Cost of goods consumed

71 757 614 €

EBITDA (2024) ?
Gross Operating Surplus (EBITDA)
Definition
Resources generated by current operations, before depreciation and financial expenses.
Formula
Value added - Personnel expenses - Taxes
Interpretation
Positive = profitable activity

44 638 419 €

EBIT (2024) ?
EBIT (Operating Income)
Definition
Operating income, including depreciation and provisions.
Formula
EBITDA - Depreciation and provisions + Reversals

29 972 099 €

Net income (2024) ?
Net income
Definition
Profit or loss after all expenses, including taxes and exceptional items.
Formula
Current income + Exceptional income - Income tax

14 857 935 €

EBITDA margin (2024) ?
EBITDA margin
Definition
Measures the company's operating profitability.
Formula
(EBE / CA) x 100
Interpretation
> 10% : Good profitability
5-10% : Average
< 5% : Low

57.2%

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Chart evolution

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Assets

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Liabilities

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Solvency and debt ratios

The debt ratio (= Financial debt / Equity x 100) stands at 0%. This very low level reflects a solid financial structure, offering significant room for future investments or acquisitions. Financial autonomy (= Equity / Total assets x 100) reaches 62%. This high autonomy means the company finances most of its assets through equity, a sign of strength.

Debt ratio (2024) ?
Debt ratio
Definition
Measures the proportion of debt to equity.
Formula
(Financial debt / Equity) x 100
Interpretation
< 50% : Low
50-100% : Moderate
> 100% : High

0.0%

Financial autonomy (2024) ?
Financial autonomy
Definition
Share of equity in the company's total financing.
Formula
(Equity / Total assets) x 100
Interpretation
> 30% : Good autonomy
20-30% : Average
< 20% : Low

62.378%

Cash flow / Revenue (2024) ?
Cash flow / Revenue
Definition
Self-financing capacity relative to revenue.
Formula
(CAF / CA) x 100
Interpretation
The higher the ratio, the more cash the company generates

-4.098%

Repayment capacity (2024) ?
Repayment capacity
Definition
Number of years needed to repay debts with cash flow.
Formula
Financial debt / Cash flow
Interpretation
< 3 years : Excellent
3-5 years : Fair
> 5 years : Warning

0.0

Asset age ratio (2024) ?
Asset age ratio
Definition
Measures the degree of wear of tangible assets.
Formula
Accumulated depreciation / Gross fixed assets x 100
Interpretation
< 50% : Recent assets
50-70% : Normal wear
> 70% : Aging assets

0.4%

Solvency indicators evolution
LIBRAIRIE GENERALE FRANCAISE

Sector positioning

Debt ratio
0.0 2024
2022
2023
2024
Q1: 0.0
Med: 0.83
Q3: 20.07
Excellent

In 2024, the debt ratio of LIBRAIRIE GENERALE FRANCAISE (0.00) ranks in the bottom 25% of the sector, which is positive. This ratio measures the weight of debt relative to equity. A low ratio indicates a solid financial structure with little dependence on creditors.

Financial autonomy
62.38% 2024
2022
2023
2024
Q1: 0.0%
Med: 21.83%
Q3: 54.97%
Excellent

In 2024, the financial autonomy of LIBRAIRIE GENERALE FRANCAISE (62.4%) ranks in the top 25% of the sector. This ratio represents the share of equity in total financing. High autonomy reflects financial independence and ability to absorb shocks.

Repayment capacity
0.0 years 2024
2022
2023
2024
Q1: 0.0 years
Med: 0.0 years
Q3: 0.13 years
Excellent

In 2024, the repayment capacity of LIBRAIRIE GENERALE FRANCAISE (0.00) ranks in the bottom 25% of the sector, which is positive. This ratio indicates the number of years needed to repay debt with cash flow. A short capacity reflects controlled debt and good cash generation.

Liquidity ratios

The liquidity ratio (= Current assets / Current liabilities) stands at 284.77. Concretely, the company has €2 of liquid assets for every €1 of short-term debt: no cash risk within 12 months. The interest coverage ratio (= EBIT / Interest expenses) is 0.0x. Danger: operating income does not cover interest charges, unsustainable situation.

Liquidity ratio (2024) ?
Liquidity ratio
Definition
Ability to meet short-term debts with current assets.
Formula
Current assets / Current liabilities
Interpretation
> 1.5 : Very good
1-1.5 : Fair
< 1 : Liquidity risk

284.77

Interest coverage (2024) ?
Interest coverage
Definition
Ability to cover interest charges with operating income.
Formula
EBIT / Interest expenses
Interpretation
> 3 : Comfortable
1.5-3 : Acceptable
< 1.5 : Risk

0.001

Liquidity indicators evolution
LIBRAIRIE GENERALE FRANCAISE

Sector positioning

Liquidity ratio
284.77 2024
2022
2023
2024
Q1: 133.32
Med: 234.62
Q3: 441.3
Good

In 2024, the liquidity ratio of LIBRAIRIE GENERALE FRANCAISE (284.77) ranks above the median of the sector. This ratio measures the ability to cover short-term debt with current assets. This comfortable position offers an appreciable safety margin.

Interest coverage
0.0x 2024
2022
2023
2024
Q1: 0.0x
Med: 0.0x
Q3: 0.79x
Good

In 2024, the interest coverage of LIBRAIRIE GENERALE FRANCAISE (0.0x) ranks above the median of the sector. This ratio indicates how many times operating income covers interest expenses. This comfortable position offers an appreciable safety margin.

Working capital requirement (WCR) and payment terms

Working capital requirement (WCR) measures the cash timing gap between customer collections and supplier/inventory payments. Average customer payment term: 70 days (formula: Customer receivables / Revenue incl. VAT x 360). Supplier term: 79 days. Favorable situation: supplier credit is longer than customer credit by 9 days. Inventory turnover is 66 days (= Average inventory / Cost of goods x 360). Overall, WCR represents 319 days of revenue, i.e. 69.1 M€ to permanently finance. Over 2016-2024, WCR increased by +29%, requiring additional financing.

Operating WCR (2024) ?
Operating WCR
Definition
Financing requirement generated by the operating cycle (inventory + receivables - trade payables).
Formula
Inventory + Customer receivables - Trade payables
Interpretation
Negative = cash released
Positive = financing needed

69 141 607 €

Customer credit (2024) ?
Customer credit (days)
Definition
Average payment term granted to customers.
Formula
(Customer receivables / Revenue incl. VAT) x 360
Interpretation
< 45j : Good
45-60j : Average
> 60j : Long

70 j

Supplier credit (2024) ?
Supplier credit (days)
Definition
Average payment term obtained from suppliers.
Formula
(Trade payables / Purchases incl. VAT) x 360
Interpretation
The longer the term, the better for cash flow

79 j

Inventory turnover (2024) ?
Inventory turnover (days)
Definition
Average storage duration for goods or materials.
Formula
(Inventory / Cost of goods) x 360
Interpretation
The lower the ratio, the faster the turnover

66 j

WCR in days of revenue (2024) ?
WCR in days of revenue
Definition
Expresses working capital requirement in days of revenue.
Formula
(Operating WCR / Revenue) x 360
Interpretation
The fewer days, the better the working capital management

319 j

WCR and payment terms evolution
LIBRAIRIE GENERALE FRANCAISE

Positioning of LIBRAIRIE GENERALE FRANCAISE in its sector

Comparison with sector Édition de livres

Valuation estimate

Based on 104 transactions of similar company sales (all years), the value of LIBRAIRIE GENERALE FRANCAISE is estimated at 44 469 023 € (range 19 197 845€ - 140 733 385€). With an EBITDA of 44 638 419€, the sector multiple of 1.1x is applied. The price/revenue ratio is 0.24x (conservative valuation). This multiples method compares the actual sale price of similar companies to their financial indicators (Revenue, EBITDA, Net Income). It provides a market-based indicative estimate.

Estimated enterprise value 2024
104 transactions
19197k€ 44469k€ 140733k€
44 469 023 € Range: 19 197 845€ - 140 733 385€
NAF 4 all-time Aggregated at NAF sub-class level

Valuation detail by method

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EBITDA Multiple 50%
44 638 419 € × 1.1x
Estimation 51 244 063 €
26 408 800€ - 210 320 002€
Revenue Multiple 30%
77 987 758 € × 0.24x
Estimation 19 040 333 €
9 398 505€ - 35 770 543€
Net Income Multiple 20%
14 857 935 € × 4.4x
Estimation 65 674 461 €
15 869 468€ - 124 211 108€
How is this estimate calculated?

This estimate is based on the analysis of 104 actual transactions of similar company sales (same NAF code) registered with BODACC between 2016 and 2025.

  • EBITDA Multiple: Preferred method for profitable SMEs. EBITDA reflects the ability to generate cash.
  • Revenue Multiple: Used for growing companies or those with low profitability. Reflects commercial potential.
  • Net Income Multiple: Relevant for mature companies with stable results.

This estimate is provided for information purposes only. A precise valuation requires in-depth analysis (assets, liabilities, prospects, market...).

Similar companies (Édition de livres)

Compare LIBRAIRIE GENERALE FRANCAISE with other companies in the same sector:

Frequently asked questions about LIBRAIRIE GENERALE FRANCAISE

What is the revenue of LIBRAIRIE GENERALE FRANCAISE ?

The revenue of LIBRAIRIE GENERALE FRANCAISE in 2024 is 78.0 M€.

Is LIBRAIRIE GENERALE FRANCAISE profitable?

Yes, LIBRAIRIE GENERALE FRANCAISE generated a net profit of 14.9 M€ in 2024.

Where is the headquarters of LIBRAIRIE GENERALE FRANCAISE ?

The headquarters of LIBRAIRIE GENERALE FRANCAISE is located in PARIS (75006), in the department Paris.

Where to find the tax return of LIBRAIRIE GENERALE FRANCAISE ?

The tax return of LIBRAIRIE GENERALE FRANCAISE is available on this page. Click on a year in the 'Data by year' section to view the account details (assets, liabilities, income statement). Data comes from INPI (National Institute of Industrial Property).

In which sector does LIBRAIRIE GENERALE FRANCAISE operate?

LIBRAIRIE GENERALE FRANCAISE operates in the sector Édition de livres (NAF code 58.11Z). See the 'Sector positioning' section above to compare the company with its competitors.