Employees: 11 (2023.0)Legal category: SA (autres)Size: PMECreation date: 1962-01-01 (64 years)Status: ActiveBusiness sector: Activités des agences de publicitéLocation: NIMES (30900), Gard
KROMA S A : revenue, balance sheet and financial ratios
KROMA S A is a French company
founded 64 years ago,
specialized in the sector Activités des agences de publicité.
Based in NIMES (30900),
this company of category PME
shows in 2024 a revenue of 1.8 M€.
Find below the complete financial statements, solvency ratios, working capital requirements and sector comparison.
In 2024, KROMA S A achieves revenue of 1.8 M€. Over the period 2016-2024, the company shows strong growth with a CAGR (compound annual growth rate) of +5.9%. Vs 2023, growth of +24% (1.4 M€ -> 1.8 M€). After deducting consumption (317 k€), gross margin stands at 1.5 M€, i.e. a rate of 82%. This ratio measures the ability to generate value from commercial activity. EBITDA (= Gross margin - Personnel expenses - Taxes) reaches 211 k€, representing 11.9% of revenue. Positive scissor effect: EBITDA margin improves by +7.7 pts, sign of improved operational efficiency. This level of operating margin is satisfactory for the sector. Ultimately, net income (= EBIT +/- financial result +/- exceptional - corporate tax) amounts to 125 k€, i.e. 7.0% of revenue. This profit can be retained or distributed to shareholders.
Revenue (2024)
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Revenue
Definition
Total amount of sales of goods and services made by the company.
Formula
Sales of goods + Sold production
1 779 587 €
Gross margin (2024)
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Gross margin
Definition
Difference between revenue and cost of goods sold.
Formula
Revenue - Cost of goods consumed
1 462 925 €
EBITDA (2024)
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Gross Operating Surplus (EBITDA)
Definition
Resources generated by current operations, before depreciation and financial expenses.
Formula
Value added - Personnel expenses - Taxes
Interpretation
Positive = profitable activity
211 017 €
EBIT (2024)
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EBIT (Operating Income)
Definition
Operating income, including depreciation and provisions.
Formula
EBITDA - Depreciation and provisions + Reversals
99 222 €
Net income (2024)
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Net income
Definition
Profit or loss after all expenses, including taxes and exceptional items.
Formula
Current income + Exceptional income - Income tax
125 432 €
EBITDA margin (2024)
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EBITDA margin
Definition
Measures the company's operating profitability.
Formula
(EBE / CA) x 100
Interpretation
> 10% : Good profitability 5-10% : Average < 5% : Low
11.9%
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Income statement
Item
Amount
% Revenue
Change
The detailed income statement is not available for this company (simplified accounts or confidential data).
Chart evolution
Show :
Visualization created via numbers.finance Sources : INPI & BCE - Adjustments : Ministry of Economy
Assets
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Item
Gross
Deprec.
Net
%
Change
Assets balance sheet data not available for this company
Liabilities
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Year
%
Change
Liabilities balance sheet data not available for this company
Solvency and debt ratios
The debt ratio (= Financial debt / Equity x 100) stands at 59%. Debt remains under control: the company retains capacity to raise new debt if needed. Financial autonomy (= Equity / Total assets x 100) reaches 47%. This high autonomy means the company finances most of its assets through equity, a sign of strength. Debt repayment capacity (= Financial debt / Cash flow) indicates it would take 2.1 years of cash flow to repay all financial debt. This short period demonstrates excellent debt sustainability. Cash flow represents 10.8% of revenue. Cash flow measures resources generated by operations, available for investment and debt repayment. This high level provides strong self-financing capacity.
Debt ratio (2024)
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Debt ratio
Definition
Measures the proportion of debt to equity.
Formula
(Financial debt / Equity) x 100
Interpretation
< 50% : Low 50-100% : Moderate > 100% : High
58.513%
Financial autonomy (2024)
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Financial autonomy
Definition
Share of equity in the company's total financing.
Formula
(Equity / Total assets) x 100
Interpretation
> 30% : Good autonomy 20-30% : Average < 20% : Low
46.628%
Cash flow / Revenue (2024)
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Cash flow / Revenue
Definition
Self-financing capacity relative to revenue.
Formula
(CAF / CA) x 100
Interpretation
The higher the ratio, the more cash the company generates
10.757%
Repayment capacity (2024)
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Repayment capacity
Definition
Number of years needed to repay debts with cash flow.
Formula
Financial debt / Cash flow
Interpretation
< 3 years : Excellent 3-5 years : Fair > 5 years : Warning
2.135
Asset age ratio (2024)
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Asset age ratio
Definition
Measures the degree of wear of tangible assets.
Formula
Accumulated depreciation / Gross fixed assets x 100
Visualization created via numbers.finance Sources : INPI & BCE - Adjustments : Ministry of Economy
Indicator
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Debt ratio
59.296
63.004
52.003
83.779
130.585
157.365
120.975
100.567
58.513
Financial autonomy
47.82
45.905
44.391
42.226
35.804
32.55
37.621
40.706
46.628
Repayment capacity
30.405
7.68
3.14
3.951
-25.961
20.081
5.937
13.199
2.135
Cash flow / Revenue
0.892%
3.32%
6.47%
8.308%
-2.361%
4.318%
10.176%
3.28%
10.757%
Sector positioning
Debt ratio
58.512024
2022
2023
2024
Q1: 0.0
Med: 7.82
Q3: 44.59
Average
In 2024, the debt ratio of KROMA S A (58.51) ranks above the median of the sector. This ratio measures the weight of debt relative to equity. A reduction effort could improve financial strength.
Financial autonomy
46.63%2024
2022
2023
2024
Q1: 9.69%
Med: 34.27%
Q3: 59.15%
Good+7 pts over 3 years
In 2024, the financial autonomy of KROMA S A (46.6%) ranks above the median of the sector. This ratio represents the share of equity in total financing. This comfortable position offers an appreciable safety margin.
Repayment capacity
2.13 years2024
2022
2023
2024
Q1: 0.0 years
Med: 0.0 years
Q3: 1.14 years
Average
In 2024, the repayment capacity of KROMA S A (2.13) ranks above the median of the sector. This ratio indicates the number of years needed to repay debt with cash flow. A reduction effort could improve financial strength.
Liquidity ratios
The liquidity ratio (= Current assets / Current liabilities) stands at 321.20. Concretely, the company has €2 of liquid assets for every €1 of short-term debt: no cash risk within 12 months. The interest coverage ratio (= EBIT / Interest expenses) is 4.9x. Financial charges are adequately covered by operations.
Liquidity ratio (2024)
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Liquidity ratio
Definition
Ability to meet short-term debts with current assets.
Formula
Current assets / Current liabilities
Interpretation
> 1.5 : Very good 1-1.5 : Fair < 1 : Liquidity risk
321.2
Interest coverage (2024)
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Interest coverage
Definition
Ability to cover interest charges with operating income.
Formula
EBIT / Interest expenses
Interpretation
> 3 : Comfortable 1.5-3 : Acceptable < 1.5 : Risk
4.944
Liquidity indicators evolution KROMA S A
Visualisation créée via abddaf.fr Sources : INPI & BCE - Retraitements : Ministère de l'économie
Indicator
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Liquidity ratio
307.526
295.987
218.258
351.58
372.977
428.549
439.406
429.815
321.2
Interest coverage
42.148
16.355
6.318
6.539
-30.056
16.019
8.189
20.762
4.944
Sector positioning
Liquidity ratio
321.22024
2022
2023
2024
Q1: 128.85
Med: 206.6
Q3: 363.72
Good-7 pts over 3 years
In 2024, the liquidity ratio of KROMA S A (321.20) ranks above the median of the sector. This ratio measures the ability to cover short-term debt with current assets. This comfortable position offers an appreciable safety margin.
Interest coverage
4.94x2024
2022
2023
2024
Q1: 0.0x
Med: 0.0x
Q3: 2.56x
Excellent
In 2024, the interest coverage of KROMA S A (4.9x) ranks in the top 25% of the sector. This ratio indicates how many times operating income covers interest expenses. High coverage means financial charges weigh little on profitability.
Working capital requirement (WCR) and payment terms
Working capital requirement (WCR) measures the cash timing gap between customer collections and supplier/inventory payments. Average customer payment term: 56 days (formula: Customer receivables / Revenue incl. VAT x 360). Supplier term: 79 days. Favorable situation: supplier credit is longer than customer credit by 23 days. Inventory turnover is 100 days (= Average inventory / Cost of goods x 360). This high level ties up cash and potentially creates obsolescence risk. Overall, WCR represents 137 days of revenue, i.e. 675 k€ to permanently finance. Over 2016-2024, WCR increased by +28%, requiring additional financing.
Operating WCR (2024)
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Operating WCR
Definition
Financing requirement generated by the operating cycle (inventory + receivables - trade payables).
Formula
Inventory + Customer receivables - Trade payables
Interpretation
Negative = cash released Positive = financing needed
674 855 €
Customer credit (2024)
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Customer credit (days)
Definition
Average payment term granted to customers.
Formula
(Customer receivables / Revenue incl. VAT) x 360
Interpretation
< 45j : Good 45-60j : Average > 60j : Long
56 j
Supplier credit (2024)
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Supplier credit (days)
Definition
Average payment term obtained from suppliers.
Formula
(Trade payables / Purchases incl. VAT) x 360
Interpretation
The longer the term, the better for cash flow
79 j
Inventory turnover (2024)
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Inventory turnover (days)
Definition
Average storage duration for goods or materials.
Formula
(Inventory / Cost of goods) x 360
Interpretation
The lower the ratio, the faster the turnover
100 j
WCR in days of revenue (2024)
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WCR in days of revenue
Definition
Expresses working capital requirement in days of revenue.
Formula
(Operating WCR / Revenue) x 360
Interpretation
The fewer days, the better the working capital management
137 j
WCR and payment terms evolution KROMA S A
Visualization created via numbers.finance Sources : INPI & BCE - Adjustments : Ministry of Economy
Indicator
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Operating WCR
528 163 €
541 233 €
599 381 €
711 138 €
607 148 €
686 078 €
850 899 €
716 153 €
674 855 €
Inventory turnover (days)
109
119
106
98
117
132
167
142
100
Customer payment term (days)
68
44
58
59
69
53
61
55
56
Supplier payment term (days)
69
62
85
68
66
72
73
63
79
Positioning of KROMA S A in its sector
Comparison with sector Activités des agences de publicité
Valuation estimate
Based on 68 transactions of similar company sales
(all years),
the value of KROMA S A is estimated at
496 038 €
(range 172 232€ - 1 672 211€).
With an EBITDA of 211 017€, the sector multiple of 2.9x is applied.
The price/revenue ratio is 0.22x
(conservative valuation).
This multiples method compares the actual sale price of similar companies to their financial indicators (Revenue, EBITDA, Net Income). It provides a market-based indicative estimate. Medium reliability: estimate to be confirmed with in-depth analysis.
Estimated enterprise value2024
68 tx
172k€496k€1672k€
496 038 €Range: 172 232€ - 1 672 211€
NAF 5 all-time
Valuation detail by method
Ajustez les pondérations selon votre analyse
EBITDA Multiple50%
211 017 €×2.9x
Estimation606 266 €
174 955€ - 2 386 597€
Revenue Multiple30%
1 779 587 €×0.22x
Estimation399 449 €
165 553€ - 679 941€
Net Income Multiple20%
125 432 €×2.9x
Estimation365 355 €
175 445€ - 1 374 656€
How is this estimate calculated?
This estimate is based on the analysis of 68 actual transactions of similar company sales (same NAF code) registered with BODACC between 2016 and 2025.
EBITDA Multiple: Preferred method for profitable SMEs. EBITDA reflects the ability to generate cash.
Revenue Multiple: Used for growing companies or those with low profitability. Reflects commercial potential.
Net Income Multiple: Relevant for mature companies with stable results.
This estimate is provided for information purposes only. A precise valuation requires in-depth analysis (assets, liabilities, prospects, market...).
Similar companies (Activités des agences de publicité)
Compare KROMA S A with other companies in the same sector:
Yes, KROMA S A generated a net profit of 125 k€ in 2024.
Where is the headquarters of KROMA S A ?
The headquarters of KROMA S A is located in NIMES (30900), in the department Gard.
Where to find the tax return of KROMA S A ?
The tax return of KROMA S A is available on this page. Click on a year in the 'Data by year' section to view the account details (assets, liabilities, income statement). Data comes from INPI (National Institute of Industrial Property).
In which sector does KROMA S A operate?
KROMA S A operates in the sector Activités des agences de publicité (NAF code 73.11Z). See the 'Sector positioning' section above to compare the company with its competitors.
Item evolution
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