KLEE STUDIO : revenue, balance sheet and financial ratios

KLEE STUDIO is a French company founded 32 years ago, specialized in the sector Edition de logiciels applicatifs. Based in LE MANS (72000), this company of category ETI shows in 2024 a revenue of 1.9 M€. Find below the complete financial statements, solvency ratios, working capital requirements and sector comparison.

Data updated on 2026-05-02

Sources : INPI & INSEE SIRENE - Processing : Ministry of Economy

Financial history - KLEE STUDIO (SIREN 395335052)
Indicator 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016
Revenue 1 936 400 € 1 873 212 € 1 856 733 € 1 797 938 € 1 674 093 € 1 953 798 € 2 048 697 € 2 350 849 € 2 034 902 €
Net income 231 555 € 68 115 € 127 945 € 135 963 € 85 637 € -145 534 € -85 939 € -211 805 € -307 159 €
EBITDA 255 936 € 80 841 € 153 969 € 142 479 € 123 030 € -211 956 € -59 534 € -169 868 € -300 023 €
Net margin 12.0% 3.6% 6.9% 7.6% 5.1% -7.4% -4.2% -9.0% -15.1%

Revenue and income statement

In 2024, KLEE STUDIO achieves revenue of 1.9 M€. Activity remains stable over the period (CAGR: -0.6%). Vs 2023: +3%. After deducting consumption (0 €), gross margin stands at 1.9 M€, i.e. a rate of 100%. This ratio measures the ability to generate value from commercial activity. EBITDA (= Gross margin - Personnel expenses - Taxes) reaches 256 k€, representing 13.2% of revenue. Positive scissor effect: EBITDA margin improves by +8.9 pts, sign of improved operational efficiency. This level of operating margin is satisfactory for the sector. Ultimately, net income (= EBIT +/- financial result +/- exceptional - corporate tax) amounts to 232 k€, i.e. 12.0% of revenue. This profit can be retained or distributed to shareholders.

Revenue (2024) ?
Revenue
Definition
Total amount of sales of goods and services made by the company.
Formula
Sales of goods + Sold production

1 936 400 €

Gross margin (2024) ?
Gross margin
Definition
Difference between revenue and cost of goods sold.
Formula
Revenue - Cost of goods consumed

1 936 400 €

EBITDA (2024) ?
Gross Operating Surplus (EBITDA)
Definition
Resources generated by current operations, before depreciation and financial expenses.
Formula
Value added - Personnel expenses - Taxes
Interpretation
Positive = profitable activity

255 936 €

EBIT (2024) ?
EBIT (Operating Income)
Definition
Operating income, including depreciation and provisions.
Formula
EBITDA - Depreciation and provisions + Reversals

231 535 €

Net income (2024) ?
Net income
Definition
Profit or loss after all expenses, including taxes and exceptional items.
Formula
Current income + Exceptional income - Income tax

231 555 €

EBITDA margin (2024) ?
EBITDA margin
Definition
Measures the company's operating profitability.
Formula
(EBE / CA) x 100
Interpretation
> 10% : Good profitability
5-10% : Average
< 5% : Low

13.2%

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Chart evolution

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Assets

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Liabilities

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Solvency and debt ratios

The debt ratio (= Financial debt / Equity x 100) stands at 0%. This very low level reflects a solid financial structure, offering significant room for future investments or acquisitions. Financial autonomy (= Equity / Total assets x 100) reaches 33%. The balance between equity and debt is satisfactory. Cash flow represents 12.7% of revenue. Cash flow measures resources generated by operations, available for investment and debt repayment. This high level provides strong self-financing capacity.

Debt ratio (2024) ?
Debt ratio
Definition
Measures the proportion of debt to equity.
Formula
(Financial debt / Equity) x 100
Interpretation
< 50% : Low
50-100% : Moderate
> 100% : High

0.0%

Financial autonomy (2024) ?
Financial autonomy
Definition
Share of equity in the company's total financing.
Formula
(Equity / Total assets) x 100
Interpretation
> 30% : Good autonomy
20-30% : Average
< 20% : Low

32.653%

Cash flow / Revenue (2024) ?
Cash flow / Revenue
Definition
Self-financing capacity relative to revenue.
Formula
(CAF / CA) x 100
Interpretation
The higher the ratio, the more cash the company generates

12.702%

Repayment capacity (2024) ?
Repayment capacity
Definition
Number of years needed to repay debts with cash flow.
Formula
Financial debt / Cash flow
Interpretation
< 3 years : Excellent
3-5 years : Fair
> 5 years : Warning

0.0

Asset age ratio (2024) ?
Asset age ratio
Definition
Measures the degree of wear of tangible assets.
Formula
Accumulated depreciation / Gross fixed assets x 100
Interpretation
< 50% : Recent assets
50-70% : Normal wear
> 70% : Aging assets

9.6%

Solvency indicators evolution
KLEE STUDIO

Sector positioning

Debt ratio
0.0 2024
2022
2023
2024
Q1: 0.0
Med: 5.29
Q3: 44.39
Excellent

In 2024, the debt ratio of KLEE STUDIO (0.00) ranks in the bottom 25% of the sector, which is positive. This ratio measures the weight of debt relative to equity. A low ratio indicates a solid financial structure with little dependence on creditors.

Financial autonomy
32.65% 2024
2022
2023
2024
Q1: 11.65%
Med: 39.77%
Q3: 62.21%
Average +7 pts over 3 years

In 2024, the financial autonomy of KLEE STUDIO (32.6%) ranks below the median of the sector. This ratio represents the share of equity in total financing. An improvement would strengthen the competitive position.

Repayment capacity
0.0 years 2024
2022
2023
2024
Q1: 0.0 years
Med: 0.0 years
Q3: 0.8 years
Excellent

In 2024, the repayment capacity of KLEE STUDIO (0.00) ranks in the bottom 25% of the sector, which is positive. This ratio indicates the number of years needed to repay debt with cash flow. A short capacity reflects controlled debt and good cash generation.

Liquidity ratios

The liquidity ratio (= Current assets / Current liabilities) stands at 399.55. Concretely, the company has €2 of liquid assets for every €1 of short-term debt: no cash risk within 12 months.

Liquidity ratio (2024) ?
Liquidity ratio
Definition
Ability to meet short-term debts with current assets.
Formula
Current assets / Current liabilities
Interpretation
> 1.5 : Very good
1-1.5 : Fair
< 1 : Liquidity risk

399.552

Interest coverage (2024) ?
Interest coverage
Definition
Ability to cover interest charges with operating income.
Formula
EBIT / Interest expenses
Interpretation
> 3 : Comfortable
1.5-3 : Acceptable
< 1.5 : Risk

0.0

Liquidity indicators evolution
KLEE STUDIO

Sector positioning

Liquidity ratio
399.55 2024
2022
2023
2024
Q1: 146.39
Med: 243.79
Q3: 459.15
Good +16 pts over 3 years

In 2024, the liquidity ratio of KLEE STUDIO (399.55) ranks above the median of the sector. This ratio measures the ability to cover short-term debt with current assets. This comfortable position offers an appreciable safety margin.

Interest coverage
0.0x 2024
2022
2023
2024
Q1: 0.0x
Med: 0.0x
Q3: 2.19x
Average

In 2024, the interest coverage of KLEE STUDIO (0.0x) ranks below the median of the sector. This ratio indicates how many times operating income covers interest expenses. An improvement would strengthen the competitive position.

Working capital requirement (WCR) and payment terms

Working capital requirement (WCR) measures the cash timing gap between customer collections and supplier/inventory payments. Average customer payment term: 139 days (formula: Customer receivables / Revenue incl. VAT x 360). Supplier term: 48 days. The gap of 91 days means the company finances its customers for over a month before being paid relative to supplier payments. This weighs on cash flow. WCR is negative (-7 days): operations structurally generate cash. Notable WCR improvement over the period (-122%), freeing up cash.

Operating WCR (2024) ?
Operating WCR
Definition
Financing requirement generated by the operating cycle (inventory + receivables - trade payables).
Formula
Inventory + Customer receivables - Trade payables
Interpretation
Negative = cash released
Positive = financing needed

-36 056 €

Customer credit (2024) ?
Customer credit (days)
Definition
Average payment term granted to customers.
Formula
(Customer receivables / Revenue incl. VAT) x 360
Interpretation
< 45j : Good
45-60j : Average
> 60j : Long

139 j

Supplier credit (2024) ?
Supplier credit (days)
Definition
Average payment term obtained from suppliers.
Formula
(Trade payables / Purchases incl. VAT) x 360
Interpretation
The longer the term, the better for cash flow

48 j

Inventory turnover (2024) ?
Inventory turnover (days)
Definition
Average storage duration for goods or materials.
Formula
(Inventory / Cost of goods) x 360
Interpretation
The lower the ratio, the faster the turnover

0 j

WCR in days of revenue (2024) ?
WCR in days of revenue
Definition
Expresses working capital requirement in days of revenue.
Formula
(Operating WCR / Revenue) x 360
Interpretation
The fewer days, the better the working capital management

-7 j

WCR and payment terms evolution
KLEE STUDIO

Positioning of KLEE STUDIO in its sector

Comparison with sector Edition de logiciels applicatifs

Valuation estimate

Based on 103 transactions of similar company sales (all years), the value of KLEE STUDIO is estimated at 325 046 € (range 125 595€ - 906 141€). With an EBITDA of 255 936€, the sector multiple of 1.0x is applied. The price/revenue ratio is 0.25x (conservative valuation). This multiples method compares the actual sale price of similar companies to their financial indicators (Revenue, EBITDA, Net Income). It provides a market-based indicative estimate.

Estimated enterprise value 2024
103 transactions
125k€ 325k€ 906k€
325 046 € Range: 125 595€ - 906 141€
NAF 5 all-time

Valuation detail by method

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EBITDA Multiple 50%
255 936 € × 1.0x
Estimation 248 410 €
81 464€ - 802 727€
Revenue Multiple 30%
1 936 400 € × 0.25x
Estimation 481 838 €
212 855€ - 1 060 443€
Net Income Multiple 20%
231 555 € × 1.2x
Estimation 281 448 €
105 034€ - 933 229€
How is this estimate calculated?

This estimate is based on the analysis of 103 actual transactions of similar company sales (same NAF code) registered with BODACC between 2016 and 2025.

  • EBITDA Multiple: Preferred method for profitable SMEs. EBITDA reflects the ability to generate cash.
  • Revenue Multiple: Used for growing companies or those with low profitability. Reflects commercial potential.
  • Net Income Multiple: Relevant for mature companies with stable results.

This estimate is provided for information purposes only. A precise valuation requires in-depth analysis (assets, liabilities, prospects, market...).

Similar companies (Edition de logiciels applicatifs)

Compare KLEE STUDIO with other companies in the same sector:

Frequently asked questions about KLEE STUDIO

What is the revenue of KLEE STUDIO ?

The revenue of KLEE STUDIO in 2024 is 1.9 M€.

Is KLEE STUDIO profitable?

Yes, KLEE STUDIO generated a net profit of 232 k€ in 2024.

Where is the headquarters of KLEE STUDIO ?

The headquarters of KLEE STUDIO is located in LE MANS (72000), in the department Sarthe.

Where to find the tax return of KLEE STUDIO ?

The tax return of KLEE STUDIO is available on this page. Click on a year in the 'Data by year' section to view the account details (assets, liabilities, income statement). Data comes from INPI (National Institute of Industrial Property).

In which sector does KLEE STUDIO operate?

KLEE STUDIO operates in the sector Edition de logiciels applicatifs (NAF code 58.29C). See the 'Sector positioning' section above to compare the company with its competitors.