Employees: NN (None)Legal category: Société à responsabilité limitée (sans autre indication)Size: NoneCreation date: 2013-12-11 (12 years)Status: ActiveBusiness sector: Commerce d'alimentation généraleLocation: MONTREUIL (93100), Seine-Saint-Denis
Les données financières de cette entreprise sont partiellement disponibles (liasse simplifiée ou données confidentielles). Certaines sections ne sont pas affichées.
KALE : revenue, balance sheet and financial ratios
KALE is a French company
founded 12 years ago,
specialized in the sector Commerce d'alimentation générale.
Based in MONTREUIL (93100),
this company of category PME
shows in 2016 a revenue of 2.2 M€.
Find below the complete financial statements, solvency ratios, working capital requirements and sector comparison.
In 2016, KALE achieves revenue of 2.2 M€. After deducting consumption (893 k€), gross margin stands at 1.3 M€, i.e. a rate of 59%. This ratio measures the ability to generate value from commercial activity. EBITDA (= Gross margin - Personnel expenses - Taxes) reaches 440 k€, representing 20.0% of revenue. This high EBITDA margin provides strong self-financing capacity and resilience to uncertainties. Ultimately, net income (= EBIT +/- financial result +/- exceptional - corporate tax) amounts to 290 k€, i.e. 13.2% of revenue. This profit can be retained or distributed to shareholders.
Revenue (2016)
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Revenue
Definition
Total amount of sales of goods and services made by the company.
Formula
Sales of goods + Sold production
2 199 956 €
Gross margin (2016)
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Gross margin
Definition
Difference between revenue and cost of goods sold.
Formula
Revenue - Cost of goods consumed
1 306 856 €
EBITDA (2016)
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Gross Operating Surplus (EBITDA)
Definition
Resources generated by current operations, before depreciation and financial expenses.
Formula
Value added - Personnel expenses - Taxes
Interpretation
Positive = profitable activity
439 857 €
EBIT (2016)
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EBIT (Operating Income)
Definition
Operating income, including depreciation and provisions.
Formula
EBITDA - Depreciation and provisions + Reversals
430 687 €
Net income (2016)
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Net income
Definition
Profit or loss after all expenses, including taxes and exceptional items.
Formula
Current income + Exceptional income - Income tax
290 094 €
EBITDA margin (2016)
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EBITDA margin
Definition
Measures the company's operating profitability.
Formula
(EBE / CA) x 100
Interpretation
> 10% : Good profitability 5-10% : Average < 5% : Low
20.0%
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Income statement
Item
Amount
% Revenue
Change
The detailed income statement is not available for this company (simplified accounts or confidential data).
Chart evolution
Show :
Visualization created via numbers.finance Sources : INPI & BCE - Adjustments : Ministry of Economy
Assets
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Item
Gross
Deprec.
Net
%
Change
Assets balance sheet data not available for this company
Liabilities
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Year
%
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Liabilities balance sheet data not available for this company
Solvency and debt ratios
The debt ratio (= Financial debt / Equity x 100) stands at 0%. This very low level reflects a solid financial structure, offering significant room for future investments or acquisitions. Financial autonomy (= Equity / Total assets x 100) reaches 0%. Low autonomy: the company heavily depends on external financing (banks, suppliers). Cash flow represents 13.6% of revenue. Cash flow measures resources generated by operations, available for investment and debt repayment. This high level provides strong self-financing capacity.
Debt ratio (2016)
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Debt ratio
Definition
Measures the proportion of debt to equity.
Formula
(Financial debt / Equity) x 100
Interpretation
< 50% : Low 50-100% : Moderate > 100% : High
0.0%
Financial autonomy (2016)
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Financial autonomy
Definition
Share of equity in the company's total financing.
Formula
(Equity / Total assets) x 100
Interpretation
> 30% : Good autonomy 20-30% : Average < 20% : Low
0.0%
Cash flow / Revenue (2016)
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Cash flow / Revenue
Definition
Self-financing capacity relative to revenue.
Formula
(CAF / CA) x 100
Interpretation
The higher the ratio, the more cash the company generates
13.603%
Repayment capacity (2016)
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Repayment capacity
Definition
Number of years needed to repay debts with cash flow.
Formula
Financial debt / Cash flow
Interpretation
< 3 years : Excellent 3-5 years : Fair > 5 years : Warning
0.0
Asset age ratio (2016)
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Asset age ratio
Definition
Measures the degree of wear of tangible assets.
Formula
Accumulated depreciation / Gross fixed assets x 100
Visualization created via numbers.finance Sources : INPI & BCE - Adjustments : Ministry of Economy
Indicator
2016
Debt ratio
0.0
Financial autonomy
0.0
Repayment capacity
0.0
Cash flow / Revenue
13.603%
Sector positioning
Debt ratio
0.02016
2016
Q1: 0.0
Med: 30.25
Q3: 158.38
Excellent
In 2016, the debt ratio of KALE (0.00) ranks in the bottom 25% of the sector, which is positive. This ratio measures the weight of debt relative to equity. A low ratio indicates a solid financial structure with little dependence on creditors.
Financial autonomy
0.0%2016
2016
Q1: 4.96%
Med: 25.89%
Q3: 53.3%
Average
In 2016, the financial autonomy of KALE (0.0%) ranks below the median of the sector. This ratio represents the share of equity in total financing. An improvement would strengthen the competitive position.
Repayment capacity
0.0 years2016
2016
Q1: 0.0 years
Med: 0.02 years
Q3: 1.85 years
Excellent
In 2016, the repayment capacity of KALE (0.00) ranks in the bottom 25% of the sector, which is positive. This ratio indicates the number of years needed to repay debt with cash flow. A short capacity reflects controlled debt and good cash generation.
Liquidity ratios
The liquidity ratio (= Current assets / Current liabilities) stands at 321.02. Concretely, the company has €2 of liquid assets for every €1 of short-term debt: no cash risk within 12 months. The interest coverage ratio (= EBIT / Interest expenses) is 1.4x. Coverage is limited: any activity downturn would jeopardize interest payments.
Liquidity ratio (2016)
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Liquidity ratio
Definition
Ability to meet short-term debts with current assets.
Formula
Current assets / Current liabilities
Interpretation
> 1.5 : Very good 1-1.5 : Fair < 1 : Liquidity risk
321.023
Interest coverage (2016)
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Interest coverage
Definition
Ability to cover interest charges with operating income.
Formula
EBIT / Interest expenses
Interpretation
> 3 : Comfortable 1.5-3 : Acceptable < 1.5 : Risk
1.371
Liquidity indicators evolution KALE
Visualisation créée via abddaf.fr Sources : INPI & BCE - Retraitements : Ministère de l'économie
Indicator
2016
Liquidity ratio
321.023
Interest coverage
1.371
Sector positioning
Liquidity ratio
321.022016
2016
Q1: 69.35
Med: 117.35
Q3: 194.66
Excellent
In 2016, the liquidity ratio of KALE (321.02) ranks in the top 25% of the sector. This ratio measures the ability to cover short-term debt with current assets. A ratio above 1 ensures comfortable coverage of short-term maturities.
Interest coverage
1.37x2016
2016
Q1: 0.0x
Med: 0.02x
Q3: 5.75x
Good
In 2016, the interest coverage of KALE (1.4x) ranks above the median of the sector. This ratio indicates how many times operating income covers interest expenses. This comfortable position offers an appreciable safety margin.
Working capital requirement (WCR) and payment terms
Working capital requirement (WCR) measures the cash timing gap between customer collections and supplier/inventory payments. Average customer payment term: 0 days (formula: Customer receivables / Revenue incl. VAT x 360). Supplier term: 16 days. Favorable situation: supplier credit is longer than customer credit by 16 days. Inventory turnover is 22 days (= Average inventory / Cost of goods x 360). Fast turnover, sign of good inventory management. WCR is negative (-4 days): operations structurally generate cash.
Operating WCR (2016)
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Operating WCR
Definition
Financing requirement generated by the operating cycle (inventory + receivables - trade payables).
Formula
Inventory + Customer receivables - Trade payables
Interpretation
Negative = cash released Positive = financing needed
-22 616 €
Customer credit (2016)
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Customer credit (days)
Definition
Average payment term granted to customers.
Formula
(Customer receivables / Revenue incl. VAT) x 360
Interpretation
< 45j : Good 45-60j : Average > 60j : Long
0 j
Supplier credit (2016)
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Supplier credit (days)
Definition
Average payment term obtained from suppliers.
Formula
(Trade payables / Purchases incl. VAT) x 360
Interpretation
The longer the term, the better for cash flow
16 j
Inventory turnover (2016)
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Inventory turnover (days)
Definition
Average storage duration for goods or materials.
Formula
(Inventory / Cost of goods) x 360
Interpretation
The lower the ratio, the faster the turnover
22 j
WCR in days of revenue (2016)
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WCR in days of revenue
Definition
Expresses working capital requirement in days of revenue.
Formula
(Operating WCR / Revenue) x 360
Interpretation
The fewer days, the better the working capital management
-4 j
WCR and payment terms evolution KALE
Visualization created via numbers.finance Sources : INPI & BCE - Adjustments : Ministry of Economy
Indicator
2016
Operating WCR
-22 616 €
Inventory turnover (days)
22
Customer payment term (days)
0
Supplier payment term (days)
16
Positioning of KALE in its sector
Comparison with sector Commerce d'alimentation générale
Valuation estimate
Based on 2982 transactions of similar company sales
(all years),
the value of KALE is estimated at
1 701 494 €
(range 720 446€ - 3 213 824€).
With an EBITDA of 439 857€, the sector multiple of 5.2x is applied.
The price/revenue ratio is 0.25x
(conservative valuation).
This multiples method compares the actual sale price of similar companies to their financial indicators (Revenue, EBITDA, Net Income). It provides a market-based indicative estimate.
Estimated enterprise value2016
2982 transactions
720k€1701k€3213k€
1 701 494 €Range: 720 446€ - 3 213 824€
NAF 5 all-time
Valuation detail by method
Ajustez les pondérations selon votre analyse
EBITDA Multiple50%
439 857 €×5.2x
Estimation2 271 704 €
945 016€ - 4 196 339€
Revenue Multiple30%
2 199 956 €×0.25x
Estimation554 383 €
353 563€ - 869 020€
Net Income Multiple20%
290 094 €×6.9x
Estimation1 996 637 €
709 347€ - 4 274 746€
How is this estimate calculated?
This estimate is based on the analysis of 2982 actual transactions of similar company sales (same NAF code) registered with BODACC between 2016 and 2025.
EBITDA Multiple: Preferred method for profitable SMEs. EBITDA reflects the ability to generate cash.
Revenue Multiple: Used for growing companies or those with low profitability. Reflects commercial potential.
Net Income Multiple: Relevant for mature companies with stable results.
This estimate is provided for information purposes only. A precise valuation requires in-depth analysis (assets, liabilities, prospects, market...).
Similar companies (Commerce d'alimentation générale)
Compare KALE with other companies in the same sector:
Yes, KALE generated a net profit of 290 k€ in 2016.
Where is the headquarters of KALE ?
The headquarters of KALE is located in MONTREUIL (93100), in the department Seine-Saint-Denis.
Where to find the tax return of KALE ?
The tax return of KALE is available on this page. Click on a year in the 'Data by year' section to view the account details (assets, liabilities, income statement). Data comes from INPI (National Institute of Industrial Property).
In which sector does KALE operate?
KALE operates in the sector Commerce d'alimentation générale (NAF code 47.11B). See the 'Sector positioning' section above to compare the company with its competitors.
Item evolution
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