IPAC : revenue, balance sheet and financial ratios
IPAC is a French company
founded 34 years ago,
specialized in the sector Enseignement supérieur.
Based in LE BOURGET-DU-LAC (73370),
this company of category ETI
shows in 2025 a revenue of 28.5 M€.
Find below the complete financial statements, solvency ratios, working capital requirements and sector comparison.
In 2025, IPAC achieves revenue of 28.5 M€. Over the period 2016-2025, the company shows strong growth with a CAGR (compound annual growth rate) of +13.5%. Vs 2024: +9%. After deducting consumption (0 €), gross margin stands at 28.5 M€, i.e. a rate of 100%. This ratio measures the ability to generate value from commercial activity. EBITDA (= Gross margin - Personnel expenses - Taxes) reaches 985 k€, representing 3.5% of revenue. The operating margin remains fragile, requiring cost vigilance. Ultimately, net income (= EBIT +/- financial result +/- exceptional - corporate tax) amounts to 1.3 M€, i.e. 4.7% of revenue. This profit can be retained or distributed to shareholders.
Revenue (2025)
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Revenue
Definition
Total amount of sales of goods and services made by the company.
Formula
Sales of goods + Sold production
28 535 131 €
Gross margin (2025)
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Gross margin
Definition
Difference between revenue and cost of goods sold.
Formula
Revenue - Cost of goods consumed
28 535 131 €
EBITDA (2025)
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Gross Operating Surplus (EBITDA)
Definition
Resources generated by current operations, before depreciation and financial expenses.
Formula
Value added - Personnel expenses - Taxes
Interpretation
Positive = profitable activity
984 619 €
EBIT (2025)
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EBIT (Operating Income)
Definition
Operating income, including depreciation and provisions.
Formula
EBITDA - Depreciation and provisions + Reversals
2 380 021 €
Net income (2025)
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Net income
Definition
Profit or loss after all expenses, including taxes and exceptional items.
Formula
Current income + Exceptional income - Income tax
1 346 945 €
EBITDA margin (2025)
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EBITDA margin
Definition
Measures the company's operating profitability.
Formula
(EBE / CA) x 100
Interpretation
> 10% : Good profitability 5-10% : Average < 5% : Low
3.4%
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Income statement
Item
Amount
% Revenue
Change
The detailed income statement is not available for this company (simplified accounts or confidential data).
Chart evolution
Show :
Visualization created via numbers.finance Sources : INPI & BCE - Adjustments : Ministry of Economy
Assets
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Item
Gross
Deprec.
Net
%
Change
Assets balance sheet data not available for this company
Liabilities
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Item
Year
%
Change
Liabilities balance sheet data not available for this company
Solvency and debt ratios
The debt ratio (= Financial debt / Equity x 100) stands at 0%. This very low level reflects a solid financial structure, offering significant room for future investments or acquisitions. Financial autonomy (= Equity / Total assets x 100) reaches 45%. This high autonomy means the company finances most of its assets through equity, a sign of strength. Cash flow represents 7.2% of revenue. Cash flow measures resources generated by operations, available for investment and debt repayment. Satisfactory level allowing partial financing of growth.
Debt ratio (2025)
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Debt ratio
Definition
Measures the proportion of debt to equity.
Formula
(Financial debt / Equity) x 100
Interpretation
< 50% : Low 50-100% : Moderate > 100% : High
0.0%
Financial autonomy (2025)
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Financial autonomy
Definition
Share of equity in the company's total financing.
Formula
(Equity / Total assets) x 100
Interpretation
> 30% : Good autonomy 20-30% : Average < 20% : Low
45.07%
Cash flow / Revenue (2025)
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Cash flow / Revenue
Definition
Self-financing capacity relative to revenue.
Formula
(CAF / CA) x 100
Interpretation
The higher the ratio, the more cash the company generates
7.191%
Repayment capacity (2025)
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Repayment capacity
Definition
Number of years needed to repay debts with cash flow.
Formula
Financial debt / Cash flow
Interpretation
< 3 years : Excellent 3-5 years : Fair > 5 years : Warning
0.0
Asset age ratio (2025)
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Asset age ratio
Definition
Measures the degree of wear of tangible assets.
Formula
Accumulated depreciation / Gross fixed assets x 100
Visualization created via numbers.finance Sources : INPI & BCE - Adjustments : Ministry of Economy
Indicator
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
Debt ratio
2.37
3.545
4.768
7.286
12.375
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Financial autonomy
73.132
69.412
65.159
50.984
46.372
45.473
59.283
53.391
50.362
45.07
Repayment capacity
-0.408
-0.368
0.37
0.999
0.673
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Cash flow / Revenue
-3.702%
-5.258%
6.646%
3.133%
7.542%
5.687%
10.554%
9.61%
7.156%
7.191%
Sector positioning
Debt ratio
0.02025
2023
2024
2025
Q1: 0.01
Med: 16.33
Q3: 62.74
Excellent
In 2025, the debt ratio of IPAC (0.00) ranks in the bottom 25% of the sector, which is positive. This ratio measures the weight of debt relative to equity. A low ratio indicates a solid financial structure with little dependence on creditors.
Financial autonomy
45.07%2025
2023
2024
2025
Q1: 12.12%
Med: 37.64%
Q3: 50.22%
Good-10 pts over 3 years
In 2025, the financial autonomy of IPAC (45.1%) ranks above the median of the sector. This ratio represents the share of equity in total financing. This comfortable position offers an appreciable safety margin.
Repayment capacity
0.0 years2025
2023
2024
2025
Q1: 0.0 years
Med: 0.3 years
Q3: 2.06 years
Excellent
In 2025, the repayment capacity of IPAC (0.00) ranks in the bottom 25% of the sector, which is positive. This ratio indicates the number of years needed to repay debt with cash flow. A short capacity reflects controlled debt and good cash generation.
Liquidity ratios
The liquidity ratio (= Current assets / Current liabilities) stands at 146.34. Concretely, the company has €2 of liquid assets for every €1 of short-term debt: no cash risk within 12 months. The interest coverage ratio (= EBIT / Interest expenses) is 48.6x. Operating income very largely covers interest expenses: high safety margin.
Liquidity ratio (2025)
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Liquidity ratio
Definition
Ability to meet short-term debts with current assets.
Formula
Current assets / Current liabilities
Interpretation
> 1.5 : Very good 1-1.5 : Fair < 1 : Liquidity risk
146.344
Interest coverage (2025)
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Interest coverage
Definition
Ability to cover interest charges with operating income.
Formula
EBIT / Interest expenses
Interpretation
> 3 : Comfortable 1.5-3 : Acceptable < 1.5 : Risk
48.635
Liquidity indicators evolution IPAC
Visualisation créée via abddaf.fr Sources : INPI & BCE - Retraitements : Ministère de l'économie
Indicator
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
Liquidity ratio
381.04
318.128
276.592
198.032
188.756
170.457
230.87
201.726
180.142
146.344
Interest coverage
1156.514
117.686
1.812
6.875
12.902
9.981
17.412
88.248
33.934
48.635
Sector positioning
Liquidity ratio
146.342025
2023
2024
2025
Q1: 136.39
Med: 253.74
Q3: 487.88
Average-18 pts over 3 years
In 2025, the liquidity ratio of IPAC (146.34) ranks below the median of the sector. This ratio measures the ability to cover short-term debt with current assets. An improvement would strengthen the competitive position.
Interest coverage
48.63x2025
2023
2024
2025
Q1: 0.0x
Med: 1.18x
Q3: 5.3x
Excellent
In 2025, the interest coverage of IPAC (48.6x) ranks in the top 25% of the sector. This ratio indicates how many times operating income covers interest expenses. High coverage means financial charges weigh little on profitability.
Working capital requirement (WCR) and payment terms
Working capital requirement (WCR) measures the cash timing gap between customer collections and supplier/inventory payments. Average customer payment term: 83 days (formula: Customer receivables / Revenue incl. VAT x 360). Supplier term: 63 days. The company must finance 20 days of gap between collections and payments. Overall, WCR represents 76 days of revenue, i.e. 6.0 M€ to permanently finance. Over 2016-2025, WCR increased by +40%, requiring additional financing.
Operating WCR (2025)
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Operating WCR
Definition
Financing requirement generated by the operating cycle (inventory + receivables - trade payables).
Formula
Inventory + Customer receivables - Trade payables
Interpretation
Negative = cash released Positive = financing needed
6 036 607 €
Customer credit (2025)
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Customer credit (days)
Definition
Average payment term granted to customers.
Formula
(Customer receivables / Revenue incl. VAT) x 360
Interpretation
< 45j : Good 45-60j : Average > 60j : Long
83 j
Supplier credit (2025)
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Supplier credit (days)
Definition
Average payment term obtained from suppliers.
Formula
(Trade payables / Purchases incl. VAT) x 360
Interpretation
The longer the term, the better for cash flow
63 j
Inventory turnover (2025)
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Inventory turnover (days)
Definition
Average storage duration for goods or materials.
Formula
(Inventory / Cost of goods) x 360
Interpretation
The lower the ratio, the faster the turnover
0 j
WCR in days of revenue (2025)
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WCR in days of revenue
Definition
Expresses working capital requirement in days of revenue.
Formula
(Operating WCR / Revenue) x 360
Interpretation
The fewer days, the better the working capital management
76 j
WCR and payment terms evolution IPAC
Visualization created via numbers.finance Sources : INPI & BCE - Adjustments : Ministry of Economy
Indicator
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
Operating WCR
4 319 610 €
4 507 984 €
5 208 907 €
5 505 071 €
6 603 597 €
7 508 679 €
6 005 041 €
5 533 846 €
8 176 293 €
6 036 607 €
Inventory turnover (days)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Customer payment term (days)
71
88
95
110
155
175
119
60
79
83
Supplier payment term (days)
47
49
66
129
184
159
58
57
61
63
Positioning of IPAC in its sector
Comparison with sector Enseignement supérieur
Valuation estimate
Based on 412 transactions of similar company sales
(all years),
the value of IPAC is estimated at
4 987 467 €
(range 2 250 377€ - 11 869 753€).
With an EBITDA of 984 619€, the sector multiple of 3.0x is applied.
The price/revenue ratio is 0.29x
(conservative valuation).
This multiples method compares the actual sale price of similar companies to their financial indicators (Revenue, EBITDA, Net Income). It provides a market-based indicative estimate.
Estimated enterprise value2025
412 transactions
2250k€4987k€11869k€
4 987 467 €Range: 2 250 377€ - 11 869 753€
Section all-time
Aggregated at NAF section level
Valuation detail by method
Ajustez les pondérations selon votre analyse
EBITDA Multiple50%
984 619 €×3.0x
Estimation2 913 695 €
1 109 534€ - 7 948 702€
Revenue Multiple30%
28 535 131 €×0.29x
Estimation8 325 867 €
4 317 248€ - 13 528 998€
Net Income Multiple20%
1 346 945 €×3.8x
Estimation5 164 301 €
2 002 181€ - 19 183 516€
Valuation evolution
Visualisation creee via abddaf.fr Sources : BODACC & INPI
How is this estimate calculated?
This estimate is based on the analysis of 412 actual transactions of similar company sales (same NAF code) registered with BODACC between 2016 and 2025.
EBITDA Multiple: Preferred method for profitable SMEs. EBITDA reflects the ability to generate cash.
Revenue Multiple: Used for growing companies or those with low profitability. Reflects commercial potential.
Net Income Multiple: Relevant for mature companies with stable results.
This estimate is provided for information purposes only. A precise valuation requires in-depth analysis (assets, liabilities, prospects, market...).
Similar companies (Enseignement supérieur)
Compare IPAC with other companies in the same sector:
Yes, IPAC generated a net profit of 1.3 M€ in 2025.
Where is the headquarters of IPAC ?
The headquarters of IPAC is located in LE BOURGET-DU-LAC (73370), in the department Savoie.
Where to find the tax return of IPAC ?
The tax return of IPAC is available on this page. Click on a year in the 'Data by year' section to view the account details (assets, liabilities, income statement). Data comes from INPI (National Institute of Industrial Property).
In which sector does IPAC operate?
IPAC operates in the sector Enseignement supérieur (NAF code 85.42Z). See the 'Sector positioning' section above to compare the company with its competitors.
Item evolution
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