INDEX EDUCATION : revenue, balance sheet and financial ratios
INDEX EDUCATION is a French company
founded 34 years ago,
specialized in the sector Edition de logiciels applicatifs.
Based in IVRY-SUR-SEINE (94200),
this company of category GE
shows in 2023 a revenue of 29.3 M€.
Find below the complete financial statements, solvency ratios, working capital requirements and sector comparison.
Financial history - INDEX EDUCATION (SIREN 384351599)
Indicator
2023
2022
2021
2020
2019
2018
2017
2016
2015
Revenue
29 303 618 €
27 461 597 €
24 200 158 €
21 543 622 €
20 808 072 €
18 986 216 €
16 946 964 €
15 028 826 €
13 496 506 €
Net income
6 833 690 €
6 185 547 €
4 965 963 €
3 043 922 €
3 819 265 €
2 199 978 €
1 990 695 €
1 473 454 €
1 387 521 €
EBITDA
10 757 085 €
9 867 969 €
8 516 374 €
5 185 418 €
5 273 143 €
4 888 493 €
3 939 905 €
3 029 055 €
2 697 856 €
Net margin
23.3%
22.5%
20.5%
14.1%
18.4%
11.6%
11.7%
9.8%
10.3%
Revenue and income statement
In 2023, INDEX EDUCATION achieves revenue of 29.3 M€. Over the period 2015-2023, the company shows strong growth with a CAGR (compound annual growth rate) of +10.2%. Vs 2022: +7%. After deducting consumption (175 k€), gross margin stands at 29.1 M€, i.e. a rate of 99%. This ratio measures the ability to generate value from commercial activity. EBITDA (= Gross margin - Personnel expenses - Taxes) reaches 10.8 M€, representing 36.7% of revenue. This high EBITDA margin provides strong self-financing capacity and resilience to uncertainties. Ultimately, net income (= EBIT +/- financial result +/- exceptional - corporate tax) amounts to 6.8 M€, i.e. 23.3% of revenue. This profit can be retained or distributed to shareholders.
Revenue (2023)
?
Revenue
Definition
Total amount of sales of goods and services made by the company.
Formula
Sales of goods + Sold production
29 303 618 €
Gross margin (2023)
?
Gross margin
Definition
Difference between revenue and cost of goods sold.
Formula
Revenue - Cost of goods consumed
29 128 723 €
EBITDA (2023)
?
Gross Operating Surplus (EBITDA)
Definition
Resources generated by current operations, before depreciation and financial expenses.
Formula
Value added - Personnel expenses - Taxes
Interpretation
Positive = profitable activity
10 757 085 €
EBIT (2023)
?
EBIT (Operating Income)
Definition
Operating income, including depreciation and provisions.
Formula
EBITDA - Depreciation and provisions + Reversals
9 025 145 €
Net income (2023)
?
Net income
Definition
Profit or loss after all expenses, including taxes and exceptional items.
Formula
Current income + Exceptional income - Income tax
6 833 690 €
EBITDA margin (2023)
?
EBITDA margin
Definition
Measures the company's operating profitability.
Formula
(EBE / CA) x 100
Interpretation
> 10% : Good profitability 5-10% : Average < 5% : Low
36.7%
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Income statement
Item
Amount
% Revenue
Change
The detailed income statement is not available for this company (simplified accounts or confidential data).
Chart evolution
Show :
Visualization created via numbers.finance Sources : INPI & BCE - Adjustments : Ministry of Economy
Assets
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Item
Gross
Deprec.
Net
%
Change
Assets balance sheet data not available for this company
Liabilities
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Year
%
Change
Liabilities balance sheet data not available for this company
Solvency and debt ratios
The debt ratio (= Financial debt / Equity x 100) stands at 0%. This very low level reflects a solid financial structure, offering significant room for future investments or acquisitions. Financial autonomy (= Equity / Total assets x 100) reaches 79%. This high autonomy means the company finances most of its assets through equity, a sign of strength. Cash flow represents 29.2% of revenue. Cash flow measures resources generated by operations, available for investment and debt repayment. This high level provides strong self-financing capacity.
Debt ratio (2023)
?
Debt ratio
Definition
Measures the proportion of debt to equity.
Formula
(Financial debt / Equity) x 100
Interpretation
< 50% : Low 50-100% : Moderate > 100% : High
0.0%
Financial autonomy (2023)
?
Financial autonomy
Definition
Share of equity in the company's total financing.
Formula
(Equity / Total assets) x 100
Interpretation
> 30% : Good autonomy 20-30% : Average < 20% : Low
79.163%
Cash flow / Revenue (2023)
?
Cash flow / Revenue
Definition
Self-financing capacity relative to revenue.
Formula
(CAF / CA) x 100
Interpretation
The higher the ratio, the more cash the company generates
29.219%
Repayment capacity (2023)
?
Repayment capacity
Definition
Number of years needed to repay debts with cash flow.
Formula
Financial debt / Cash flow
Interpretation
< 3 years : Excellent 3-5 years : Fair > 5 years : Warning
0.0
Asset age ratio (2023)
?
Asset age ratio
Definition
Measures the degree of wear of tangible assets.
Formula
Accumulated depreciation / Gross fixed assets x 100
Visualization created via numbers.finance Sources : INPI & BCE - Adjustments : Ministry of Economy
Indicator
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
Debt ratio
4.271
4.006
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Financial autonomy
60.254
69.662
71.553
66.565
69.68
75.333
74.512
80.002
79.163
Repayment capacity
0.12
0.123
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Cash flow / Revenue
13.044%
13.662%
15.169%
14.614%
13.644%
16.126%
24.07%
24.652%
29.219%
Sector positioning
Debt ratio
0.02023
2021
2022
2023
Q1: 0.0
Med: 7.38
Q3: 53.46
Excellent
In 2023, the debt ratio of INDEX EDUCATION (0.00) ranks in the bottom 25% of the sector, which is positive. This ratio measures the weight of debt relative to equity. A low ratio indicates a solid financial structure with little dependence on creditors.
Financial autonomy
79.16%2023
2021
2022
2023
Q1: 14.86%
Med: 40.01%
Q3: 62.52%
Excellent
In 2023, the financial autonomy of INDEX EDUCATION (79.2%) ranks in the top 25% of the sector. This ratio represents the share of equity in total financing. High autonomy reflects financial independence and ability to absorb shocks.
Repayment capacity
0.0 years2023
2021
2022
2023
Q1: 0.0 years
Med: 0.0 years
Q3: 0.8 years
Excellent
In 2023, the repayment capacity of INDEX EDUCATION (0.00) ranks in the bottom 25% of the sector, which is positive. This ratio indicates the number of years needed to repay debt with cash flow. A short capacity reflects controlled debt and good cash generation.
Liquidity ratios
The liquidity ratio (= Current assets / Current liabilities) stands at 619.08. Concretely, the company has €2 of liquid assets for every €1 of short-term debt: no cash risk within 12 months. The interest coverage ratio (= EBIT / Interest expenses) is 0.2x. Danger: operating income does not cover interest charges, unsustainable situation.
Liquidity ratio (2023)
?
Liquidity ratio
Definition
Ability to meet short-term debts with current assets.
Formula
Current assets / Current liabilities
Interpretation
> 1.5 : Very good 1-1.5 : Fair < 1 : Liquidity risk
619.082
Interest coverage (2023)
?
Interest coverage
Definition
Ability to cover interest charges with operating income.
Formula
EBIT / Interest expenses
Interpretation
> 3 : Comfortable 1.5-3 : Acceptable < 1.5 : Risk
0.245
Liquidity indicators evolution INDEX EDUCATION
Visualisation créée via abddaf.fr Sources : INPI & BCE - Retraitements : Ministère de l'économie
Indicator
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
Liquidity ratio
190.659
267.236
262.766
232.552
260.813
294.633
387.095
492.894
619.082
Interest coverage
0.221
0.028
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.07
0.245
Sector positioning
Liquidity ratio
619.082023
2021
2022
2023
Q1: 147.42
Med: 250.59
Q3: 478.63
Excellent
In 2023, the liquidity ratio of INDEX EDUCATION (619.08) ranks in the top 25% of the sector. This ratio measures the ability to cover short-term debt with current assets. A ratio above 1 ensures comfortable coverage of short-term maturities.
Interest coverage
0.24x2023
2021
2022
2023
Q1: 0.0x
Med: 0.0x
Q3: 2.33x
Good+28 pts over 3 years
In 2023, the interest coverage of INDEX EDUCATION (0.2x) ranks above the median of the sector. This ratio indicates how many times operating income covers interest expenses. This comfortable position offers an appreciable safety margin.
Working capital requirement (WCR) and payment terms
Working capital requirement (WCR) measures the cash timing gap between customer collections and supplier/inventory payments. Average customer payment term: 23 days (formula: Customer receivables / Revenue incl. VAT x 360). Supplier term: 35 days. Favorable situation: supplier credit is longer than customer credit by 12 days. Overall, WCR represents 279 days of revenue, i.e. 22.7 M€ to permanently finance. Over 2015-2023, WCR increased by +3950%, requiring additional financing.
Operating WCR (2023)
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Operating WCR
Definition
Financing requirement generated by the operating cycle (inventory + receivables - trade payables).
Formula
Inventory + Customer receivables - Trade payables
Interpretation
Negative = cash released Positive = financing needed
22 712 941 €
Customer credit (2023)
?
Customer credit (days)
Definition
Average payment term granted to customers.
Formula
(Customer receivables / Revenue incl. VAT) x 360
Interpretation
< 45j : Good 45-60j : Average > 60j : Long
23 j
Supplier credit (2023)
?
Supplier credit (days)
Definition
Average payment term obtained from suppliers.
Formula
(Trade payables / Purchases incl. VAT) x 360
Interpretation
The longer the term, the better for cash flow
35 j
Inventory turnover (2023)
?
Inventory turnover (days)
Definition
Average storage duration for goods or materials.
Formula
(Inventory / Cost of goods) x 360
Interpretation
The lower the ratio, the faster the turnover
0 j
WCR in days of revenue (2023)
?
WCR in days of revenue
Definition
Expresses working capital requirement in days of revenue.
Formula
(Operating WCR / Revenue) x 360
Interpretation
The fewer days, the better the working capital management
279 j
WCR and payment terms evolution INDEX EDUCATION
Visualization created via numbers.finance Sources : INPI & BCE - Adjustments : Ministry of Economy
Indicator
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
Operating WCR
-589 932 €
594 390 €
548 743 €
1 164 235 €
1 027 711 €
809 609 €
8 370 593 €
16 063 387 €
22 712 941 €
Inventory turnover (days)
2
2
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
Customer payment term (days)
27
22
25
26
27
21
21
34
23
Supplier payment term (days)
38
17
30
78
74
17
27
37
35
Positioning of INDEX EDUCATION in its sector
Comparison with sector Edition de logiciels applicatifs
Valuation estimate
Based on 103 transactions of similar company sales
(all years),
the value of INDEX EDUCATION is estimated at
9 069 116 €
(range 3 298 273€ - 27 192 087€).
With an EBITDA of 10 757 085€, the sector multiple of 1.0x is applied.
The price/revenue ratio is 0.25x
(conservative valuation).
This multiples method compares the actual sale price of similar companies to their financial indicators (Revenue, EBITDA, Net Income). It provides a market-based indicative estimate.
Estimated enterprise value2023
103 transactions
3298k€9069k€27192k€
9 069 116 €Range: 3 298 273€ - 27 192 087€
NAF 5 all-time
Valuation detail by method
Ajustez les pondérations selon votre analyse
EBITDA Multiple50%
10 757 085 €×1.0x
Estimation10 440 766 €
3 423 951€ - 33 738 897€
Revenue Multiple30%
29 303 618 €×0.25x
Estimation7 291 678 €
3 221 144€ - 16 047 722€
Net Income Multiple20%
6 833 690 €×1.2x
Estimation8 306 149 €
3 099 771€ - 27 541 614€
How is this estimate calculated?
This estimate is based on the analysis of 103 actual transactions of similar company sales (same NAF code) registered with BODACC between 2016 and 2025.
EBITDA Multiple: Preferred method for profitable SMEs. EBITDA reflects the ability to generate cash.
Revenue Multiple: Used for growing companies or those with low profitability. Reflects commercial potential.
Net Income Multiple: Relevant for mature companies with stable results.
This estimate is provided for information purposes only. A precise valuation requires in-depth analysis (assets, liabilities, prospects, market...).
Similar companies (Edition de logiciels applicatifs)
Compare INDEX EDUCATION with other companies in the same sector:
The revenue of INDEX EDUCATION in 2023 is 29.3 M€.
Is INDEX EDUCATION profitable?
Yes, INDEX EDUCATION generated a net profit of 6.8 M€ in 2023.
Where is the headquarters of INDEX EDUCATION ?
The headquarters of INDEX EDUCATION is located in IVRY-SUR-SEINE (94200), in the department Val-de-Marne.
Where to find the tax return of INDEX EDUCATION ?
The tax return of INDEX EDUCATION is available on this page. Click on a year in the 'Data by year' section to view the account details (assets, liabilities, income statement). Data comes from INPI (National Institute of Industrial Property).
In which sector does INDEX EDUCATION operate?
INDEX EDUCATION operates in the sector Edition de logiciels applicatifs (NAF code 58.29C). See the 'Sector positioning' section above to compare the company with its competitors.
Item evolution
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