HEC EDITIONS : revenue, balance sheet and financial ratios

HEC EDITIONS is a French company founded 5 years ago, specialized in the sector Édition de revues et périodiques. Based in PARIS (75008), this company of category PME shows in 2023 a revenue of 945 k€. Find below the complete financial statements, solvency ratios, working capital requirements and sector comparison.

Data updated on 2026-05-09

Sources : INPI & INSEE SIRENE - Processing : Ministry of Economy

Financial history - HEC EDITIONS (SIREN 890295355)
Indicator 2023 2022 2021
Revenue 945 214 € 769 858 € 700 888 €
Net income 279 636 € -167 604 € -151 382 €
EBITDA -175 574 € -152 871 € -135 673 €
Net margin 29.6% -21.8% -21.6%

Revenue and income statement

In 2023, HEC EDITIONS achieves revenue of 945 k€. Over the period 2021-2023, the company shows strong growth with a CAGR (compound annual growth rate) of +16.1%. Vs 2022, growth of +23% (770 k€ -> 945 k€). After deducting consumption (59 k€), gross margin stands at 886 k€, i.e. a rate of 94%. This ratio measures the ability to generate value from commercial activity. EBITDA (= Gross margin - Personnel expenses - Taxes) reaches -176 k€, representing -18.6% of revenue. Negative EBITDA means operations do not cover current expenses: concerning situation. Ultimately, net income (= EBIT +/- financial result +/- exceptional - corporate tax) amounts to 280 k€, i.e. 29.6% of revenue. This profit can be retained or distributed to shareholders.

Revenue (2023) ?
Revenue
Definition
Total amount of sales of goods and services made by the company.
Formula
Sales of goods + Sold production

945 214 €

Gross margin (2023) ?
Gross margin
Definition
Difference between revenue and cost of goods sold.
Formula
Revenue - Cost of goods consumed

886 118 €

EBITDA (2023) ?
Gross Operating Surplus (EBITDA)
Definition
Resources generated by current operations, before depreciation and financial expenses.
Formula
Value added - Personnel expenses - Taxes
Interpretation
Positive = profitable activity

-175 574 €

EBIT (2023) ?
EBIT (Operating Income)
Definition
Operating income, including depreciation and provisions.
Formula
EBITDA - Depreciation and provisions + Reversals

-193 396 €

Net income (2023) ?
Net income
Definition
Profit or loss after all expenses, including taxes and exceptional items.
Formula
Current income + Exceptional income - Income tax

279 636 €

EBITDA margin (2023) ?
EBITDA margin
Definition
Measures the company's operating profitability.
Formula
(EBE / CA) x 100
Interpretation
> 10% : Good profitability
5-10% : Average
< 5% : Low

-18.4%

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Assets

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Liabilities

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Solvency and debt ratios

The debt ratio (= Financial debt / Equity x 100) stands at 767%. Critical situation: debt significantly exceeds equity, severely limiting borrowing capacity and exposing the company to default risk. Financial autonomy (= Equity / Total assets x 100) reaches 6%. Low autonomy: the company heavily depends on external financing (banks, suppliers). Debt repayment capacity (= Financial debt / Cash flow) indicates it would take 1.1 years of cash flow to repay all financial debt. This short period demonstrates excellent debt sustainability. Cash flow represents 31.0% of revenue. Cash flow measures resources generated by operations, available for investment and debt repayment. This high level provides strong self-financing capacity.

Debt ratio (2023) ?
Debt ratio
Definition
Measures the proportion of debt to equity.
Formula
(Financial debt / Equity) x 100
Interpretation
< 50% : Low
50-100% : Moderate
> 100% : High

766.691%

Financial autonomy (2023) ?
Financial autonomy
Definition
Share of equity in the company's total financing.
Formula
(Equity / Total assets) x 100
Interpretation
> 30% : Good autonomy
20-30% : Average
< 20% : Low

6.1%

Cash flow / Revenue (2023) ?
Cash flow / Revenue
Definition
Self-financing capacity relative to revenue.
Formula
(CAF / CA) x 100
Interpretation
The higher the ratio, the more cash the company generates

31.018%

Repayment capacity (2023) ?
Repayment capacity
Definition
Number of years needed to repay debts with cash flow.
Formula
Financial debt / Cash flow
Interpretation
< 3 years : Excellent
3-5 years : Fair
> 5 years : Warning

1.05

Solvency indicators evolution
HEC EDITIONS

Sector positioning

Debt ratio
766.69 2023
2021
2022
2023
Q1: 0.0
Med: 0.5
Q3: 41.04
Watch +50 pts over 3 years

In 2023, the debt ratio of HEC EDITIONS (766.69) ranks in the top 25% of the sector. This ratio measures the weight of debt relative to equity. A high ratio may indicate excessive dependence on external financing.

Financial autonomy
6.1% 2023
2021
2022
2023
Q1: 2.81%
Med: 32.64%
Q3: 58.04%
Average

In 2023, the financial autonomy of HEC EDITIONS (6.1%) ranks below the median of the sector. This ratio represents the share of equity in total financing. An improvement would strengthen the competitive position.

Repayment capacity
1.05 years 2023
2021
2022
2023
Q1: -0.0 years
Med: 0.0 years
Q3: 0.39 years
Watch +50 pts over 3 years

In 2023, the repayment capacity of HEC EDITIONS (1.05) ranks in the top 25% of the sector. This ratio indicates the number of years needed to repay debt with cash flow. A long duration may signal heavy debt relative to repayment capacity.

Liquidity ratios

The liquidity ratio (= Current assets / Current liabilities) stands at 192.98. Concretely, the company has €2 of liquid assets for every €1 of short-term debt: no cash risk within 12 months.

Liquidity ratio (2023) ?
Liquidity ratio
Definition
Ability to meet short-term debts with current assets.
Formula
Current assets / Current liabilities
Interpretation
> 1.5 : Very good
1-1.5 : Fair
< 1 : Liquidity risk

192.98

Interest coverage (2023) ?
Interest coverage
Definition
Ability to cover interest charges with operating income.
Formula
EBIT / Interest expenses
Interpretation
> 3 : Comfortable
1.5-3 : Acceptable
< 1.5 : Risk

-0.006

Liquidity indicators evolution
HEC EDITIONS

Sector positioning

Liquidity ratio
192.98 2023
2021
2022
2023
Q1: 119.64
Med: 207.47
Q3: 420.56
Average +6 pts over 3 years

In 2023, the liquidity ratio of HEC EDITIONS (192.98) ranks below the median of the sector. This ratio measures the ability to cover short-term debt with current assets. An improvement would strengthen the competitive position.

Interest coverage
-0.01x 2023
2021
2022
2023
Q1: 0.0x
Med: 0.0x
Q3: 0.46x
Average

In 2023, the interest coverage of HEC EDITIONS (-0.0x) ranks below the median of the sector. This ratio indicates how many times operating income covers interest expenses. An improvement would strengthen the competitive position.

Working capital requirement (WCR) and payment terms

Working capital requirement (WCR) measures the cash timing gap between customer collections and supplier/inventory payments. Average customer payment term: 119 days (formula: Customer receivables / Revenue incl. VAT x 360). Supplier term: 45 days. The gap of 74 days means the company finances its customers for over a month before being paid relative to supplier payments. This weighs on cash flow. Overall, WCR represents 71 days of revenue, i.e. 185 k€ to permanently finance. Over 2021-2023, WCR increased by +1152%, requiring additional financing.

Operating WCR (2023) ?
Operating WCR
Definition
Financing requirement generated by the operating cycle (inventory + receivables - trade payables).
Formula
Inventory + Customer receivables - Trade payables
Interpretation
Negative = cash released
Positive = financing needed

185 319 €

Customer credit (2023) ?
Customer credit (days)
Definition
Average payment term granted to customers.
Formula
(Customer receivables / Revenue incl. VAT) x 360
Interpretation
< 45j : Good
45-60j : Average
> 60j : Long

119 j

Supplier credit (2023) ?
Supplier credit (days)
Definition
Average payment term obtained from suppliers.
Formula
(Trade payables / Purchases incl. VAT) x 360
Interpretation
The longer the term, the better for cash flow

45 j

Inventory turnover (2023) ?
Inventory turnover (days)
Definition
Average storage duration for goods or materials.
Formula
(Inventory / Cost of goods) x 360
Interpretation
The lower the ratio, the faster the turnover

0 j

WCR in days of revenue (2023) ?
WCR in days of revenue
Definition
Expresses working capital requirement in days of revenue.
Formula
(Operating WCR / Revenue) x 360
Interpretation
The fewer days, the better the working capital management

71 j

WCR and payment terms evolution
HEC EDITIONS

Positioning of HEC EDITIONS in its sector

Comparison with sector Édition de revues et périodiques

Valuation estimate

Based on 67 transactions of similar company sales (all years), the value of HEC EDITIONS is estimated at 703 438 € (range 185 821€ - 1 313 096€). The price/revenue ratio is 0.16x (conservative valuation). This multiples method compares the actual sale price of similar companies to their financial indicators (Revenue, EBITDA, Net Income). It provides a market-based indicative estimate.
Medium reliability: estimate to be confirmed with in-depth analysis.

Estimated enterprise value 2023
67 tx
185k€ 703k€ 1313k€
703 438 € Range: 185 821€ - 1 313 096€
NAF 5 all-time

Valuation detail by method

Ajustez les pondérations selon votre analyse

Revenue Multiple 30%
945 214 € × 0.16x
Estimation 155 442 €
105 952€ - 430 054€
Net Income Multiple 20%
279 636 € × 5.5x
Estimation 1 525 434 €
305 626€ - 2 637 660€
How is this estimate calculated?

This estimate is based on the analysis of 67 actual transactions of similar company sales (same NAF code) registered with BODACC between 2016 and 2025.

  • EBITDA Multiple: Preferred method for profitable SMEs. EBITDA reflects the ability to generate cash.
  • Revenue Multiple: Used for growing companies or those with low profitability. Reflects commercial potential.
  • Net Income Multiple: Relevant for mature companies with stable results.

This estimate is provided for information purposes only. A precise valuation requires in-depth analysis (assets, liabilities, prospects, market...).

Similar companies (Édition de revues et périodiques)

Compare HEC EDITIONS with other companies in the same sector:

Frequently asked questions about HEC EDITIONS

What is the revenue of HEC EDITIONS ?

The revenue of HEC EDITIONS in 2023 is 945 k€.

Is HEC EDITIONS profitable?

Yes, HEC EDITIONS generated a net profit of 280 k€ in 2023.

Where is the headquarters of HEC EDITIONS ?

The headquarters of HEC EDITIONS is located in PARIS (75008), in the department Paris.

Where to find the tax return of HEC EDITIONS ?

The tax return of HEC EDITIONS is available on this page. Click on a year in the 'Data by year' section to view the account details (assets, liabilities, income statement). Data comes from INPI (National Institute of Industrial Property).

In which sector does HEC EDITIONS operate?

HEC EDITIONS operates in the sector Édition de revues et périodiques (NAF code 58.14Z). See the 'Sector positioning' section above to compare the company with its competitors.