FRANCE PLIAGE : revenue, balance sheet and financial ratios

FRANCE PLIAGE is a French company founded 15 years ago, specialized in the sector Reliure et activités connexes. Based in MONTGERON (91230), this company of category PME shows in 2018 a revenue of 472 k€. Find below the complete financial statements, solvency ratios, working capital requirements and sector comparison.

Data updated on 2026-05-09

Sources : INPI & INSEE SIRENE - Processing : Ministry of Economy

Financial history - FRANCE PLIAGE (SIREN 523667947)
Indicator 2018 2017 2016
Revenue 472 091 € 486 001 € 471 715 €
Net income 31 083 € 45 977 € -79 428 €
EBITDA 77 319 € 91 660 € 94 385 €
Net margin 6.6% 9.5% -16.8%

Revenue and income statement

In 2018, FRANCE PLIAGE achieves revenue of 472 k€. Revenue is growing positively over 3 years (CAGR: +0.0%). Slight decline of -3% vs 2017. After deducting consumption (2 k€), gross margin stands at 470 k€, i.e. a rate of 100%. This ratio measures the ability to generate value from commercial activity. EBITDA (= Gross margin - Personnel expenses - Taxes) reaches 77 k€, representing 16.4% of revenue. Warning negative scissor effect: despite revenue change (-3%), EBITDA varies by -16%, reducing margin by 2.5 pts. This reflects costs rising faster than revenue. This high EBITDA margin provides strong self-financing capacity and resilience to uncertainties. Ultimately, net income (= EBIT +/- financial result +/- exceptional - corporate tax) amounts to 31 k€, i.e. 6.6% of revenue. This profit can be retained or distributed to shareholders.

Revenue (2018) ?
Revenue
Definition
Total amount of sales of goods and services made by the company.
Formula
Sales of goods + Sold production

472 091 €

Gross margin (2018) ?
Gross margin
Definition
Difference between revenue and cost of goods sold.
Formula
Revenue - Cost of goods consumed

470 177 €

EBITDA (2018) ?
Gross Operating Surplus (EBITDA)
Definition
Resources generated by current operations, before depreciation and financial expenses.
Formula
Value added - Personnel expenses - Taxes
Interpretation
Positive = profitable activity

77 319 €

EBIT (2018) ?
EBIT (Operating Income)
Definition
Operating income, including depreciation and provisions.
Formula
EBITDA - Depreciation and provisions + Reversals

47 250 €

Net income (2018) ?
Net income
Definition
Profit or loss after all expenses, including taxes and exceptional items.
Formula
Current income + Exceptional income - Income tax

31 083 €

EBITDA margin (2018) ?
EBITDA margin
Definition
Measures the company's operating profitability.
Formula
(EBE / CA) x 100
Interpretation
> 10% : Good profitability
5-10% : Average
< 5% : Low

16.4%

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Chart evolution

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Assets

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Liabilities

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Solvency and debt ratios

The debt ratio (= Financial debt / Equity x 100) stands at 69%. Debt remains under control: the company retains capacity to raise new debt if needed. Financial autonomy (= Equity / Total assets x 100) reaches 30%. The balance between equity and debt is satisfactory. Debt repayment capacity (= Financial debt / Cash flow) indicates it would take 0.7 years of cash flow to repay all financial debt. This short period demonstrates excellent debt sustainability. Cash flow represents 13.1% of revenue. Cash flow measures resources generated by operations, available for investment and debt repayment. This high level provides strong self-financing capacity.

Debt ratio (2018) ?
Debt ratio
Definition
Measures the proportion of debt to equity.
Formula
(Financial debt / Equity) x 100
Interpretation
< 50% : Low
50-100% : Moderate
> 100% : High

68.562%

Financial autonomy (2018) ?
Financial autonomy
Definition
Share of equity in the company's total financing.
Formula
(Equity / Total assets) x 100
Interpretation
> 30% : Good autonomy
20-30% : Average
< 20% : Low

30.499%

Cash flow / Revenue (2018) ?
Cash flow / Revenue
Definition
Self-financing capacity relative to revenue.
Formula
(CAF / CA) x 100
Interpretation
The higher the ratio, the more cash the company generates

13.064%

Repayment capacity (2018) ?
Repayment capacity
Definition
Number of years needed to repay debts with cash flow.
Formula
Financial debt / Cash flow
Interpretation
< 3 years : Excellent
3-5 years : Fair
> 5 years : Warning

0.705

Asset age ratio (2018) ?
Asset age ratio
Definition
Measures the degree of wear of tangible assets.
Formula
Accumulated depreciation / Gross fixed assets x 100
Interpretation
< 50% : Recent assets
50-70% : Normal wear
> 70% : Aging assets

26.1%

Solvency indicators evolution
FRANCE PLIAGE

Sector positioning

Debt ratio
68.56 2018
2016
2017
2018
Q1: 0.03
Med: 11.29
Q3: 64.43
Watch

In 2018, the debt ratio of FRANCE PLIAGE (68.56) ranks in the top 25% of the sector. This ratio measures the weight of debt relative to equity. A high ratio may indicate excessive dependence on external financing.

Financial autonomy
30.5% 2018
2016
2017
2018
Q1: 7.87%
Med: 34.36%
Q3: 56.49%
Average +22 pts over 3 years

In 2018, the financial autonomy of FRANCE PLIAGE (30.5%) ranks below the median of the sector. This ratio represents the share of equity in total financing. An improvement would strengthen the competitive position.

Repayment capacity
0.7 years 2018
2016
2017
2018
Q1: 0.0 years
Med: 0.0 years
Q3: 2.28 years
Average +34 pts over 3 years

In 2018, the repayment capacity of FRANCE PLIAGE (0.70) ranks above the median of the sector. This ratio indicates the number of years needed to repay debt with cash flow. A reduction effort could improve financial strength.

Liquidity ratios

The liquidity ratio (= Current assets / Current liabilities) stands at 104.42. Concretely, the company has €2 of liquid assets for every €1 of short-term debt: no cash risk within 12 months. The interest coverage ratio (= EBIT / Interest expenses) is 10.2x. Operating income very largely covers interest expenses: high safety margin.

Liquidity ratio (2018) ?
Liquidity ratio
Definition
Ability to meet short-term debts with current assets.
Formula
Current assets / Current liabilities
Interpretation
> 1.5 : Very good
1-1.5 : Fair
< 1 : Liquidity risk

104.416

Interest coverage (2018) ?
Interest coverage
Definition
Ability to cover interest charges with operating income.
Formula
EBIT / Interest expenses
Interpretation
> 3 : Comfortable
1.5-3 : Acceptable
< 1.5 : Risk

10.199

Liquidity indicators evolution
FRANCE PLIAGE

Sector positioning

Liquidity ratio
104.42 2018
2016
2017
2018
Q1: 117.58
Med: 183.11
Q3: 277.4
Watch

In 2018, the liquidity ratio of FRANCE PLIAGE (104.42) ranks in the bottom 25% of the sector. This ratio measures the ability to cover short-term debt with current assets. A ratio below 1 may signal potential cash flow tensions.

Interest coverage
10.2x 2018
2016
2017
2018
Q1: 0.0x
Med: 0.25x
Q3: 4.52x
Excellent -22 pts over 3 years

In 2018, the interest coverage of FRANCE PLIAGE (10.2x) ranks in the top 25% of the sector. This ratio indicates how many times operating income covers interest expenses. High coverage means financial charges weigh little on profitability.

Working capital requirement (WCR) and payment terms

Working capital requirement (WCR) measures the cash timing gap between customer collections and supplier/inventory payments. Average customer payment term: 29 days (formula: Customer receivables / Revenue incl. VAT x 360). Supplier term: 35 days. Favorable situation: supplier credit is longer than customer credit by 6 days. WCR is negative (-16 days): operations structurally generate cash. Over 2016-2018, WCR increased by +23%, requiring additional financing.

Operating WCR (2018) ?
Operating WCR
Definition
Financing requirement generated by the operating cycle (inventory + receivables - trade payables).
Formula
Inventory + Customer receivables - Trade payables
Interpretation
Negative = cash released
Positive = financing needed

-21 084 €

Customer credit (2018) ?
Customer credit (days)
Definition
Average payment term granted to customers.
Formula
(Customer receivables / Revenue incl. VAT) x 360
Interpretation
< 45j : Good
45-60j : Average
> 60j : Long

29 j

Supplier credit (2018) ?
Supplier credit (days)
Definition
Average payment term obtained from suppliers.
Formula
(Trade payables / Purchases incl. VAT) x 360
Interpretation
The longer the term, the better for cash flow

35 j

Inventory turnover (2018) ?
Inventory turnover (days)
Definition
Average storage duration for goods or materials.
Formula
(Inventory / Cost of goods) x 360
Interpretation
The lower the ratio, the faster the turnover

0 j

WCR in days of revenue (2018) ?
WCR in days of revenue
Definition
Expresses working capital requirement in days of revenue.
Formula
(Operating WCR / Revenue) x 360
Interpretation
The fewer days, the better the working capital management

-16 j

WCR and payment terms evolution
FRANCE PLIAGE

Positioning of FRANCE PLIAGE in its sector

Comparison with sector Reliure et activités connexes

Valuation estimate

Based on 103 transactions of similar company sales (all years), the value of FRANCE PLIAGE is estimated at 187 600 € (range 95 619€ - 441 832€). With an EBITDA of 77 319€, the sector multiple of 3.2x is applied. The price/revenue ratio is 0.25x (conservative valuation). This multiples method compares the actual sale price of similar companies to their financial indicators (Revenue, EBITDA, Net Income). It provides a market-based indicative estimate.

Estimated enterprise value 2018
103 transactions
95k€ 187k€ 441k€
187 600 € Range: 95 619€ - 441 832€
NAF 4 all-time Aggregated at NAF sub-class level

Valuation detail by method

Ajustez les pondérations selon votre analyse

EBITDA Multiple 50%
77 319 € × 3.2x
Estimation 251 056 €
127 002€ - 588 299€
Revenue Multiple 30%
472 091 € × 0.25x
Estimation 116 319 €
65 741€ - 225 732€
Net Income Multiple 20%
31 083 € × 4.4x
Estimation 135 884 €
61 982€ - 399 819€
How is this estimate calculated?

This estimate is based on the analysis of 103 actual transactions of similar company sales (same NAF code) registered with BODACC between 2016 and 2025.

  • EBITDA Multiple: Preferred method for profitable SMEs. EBITDA reflects the ability to generate cash.
  • Revenue Multiple: Used for growing companies or those with low profitability. Reflects commercial potential.
  • Net Income Multiple: Relevant for mature companies with stable results.

This estimate is provided for information purposes only. A precise valuation requires in-depth analysis (assets, liabilities, prospects, market...).

Similar companies (Reliure et activités connexes)

Compare FRANCE PLIAGE with other companies in the same sector:

Frequently asked questions about FRANCE PLIAGE

What is the revenue of FRANCE PLIAGE ?

The revenue of FRANCE PLIAGE in 2018 is 472 k€.

Is FRANCE PLIAGE profitable?

Yes, FRANCE PLIAGE generated a net profit of 31 k€ in 2018.

Where is the headquarters of FRANCE PLIAGE ?

The headquarters of FRANCE PLIAGE is located in MONTGERON (91230), in the department Essonne.

Where to find the tax return of FRANCE PLIAGE ?

The tax return of FRANCE PLIAGE is available on this page. Click on a year in the 'Data by year' section to view the account details (assets, liabilities, income statement). Data comes from INPI (National Institute of Industrial Property).

In which sector does FRANCE PLIAGE operate?

FRANCE PLIAGE operates in the sector Reliure et activités connexes (NAF code 18.14Z). See the 'Sector positioning' section above to compare the company with its competitors.