Employees: 21 (2023.0)Legal category: SCA (commandite par actions)Size: GECreation date: 1994-05-20 (31 years)Status: ActiveBusiness sector: Restauration de type rapideLocation: MELUN (77000), Seine-et-Marne
FOREM : revenue, balance sheet and financial ratios
FOREM is a French company
founded 31 years ago,
specialized in the sector Restauration de type rapide.
Based in MELUN (77000),
this company of category GE
shows in 2024 a revenue of 5.1 M€.
Find below the complete financial statements, solvency ratios, working capital requirements and sector comparison.
In 2024, FOREM achieves revenue of 5.1 M€. Revenue is growing positively over 9 years (CAGR: +3.5%). Slight decline of -9% vs 2023. After deducting consumption (1.4 M€), gross margin stands at 3.7 M€, i.e. a rate of 73%. This ratio measures the ability to generate value from commercial activity. EBITDA (= Gross margin - Personnel expenses - Taxes) reaches 1.4 M€, representing 27.9% of revenue. This high EBITDA margin provides strong self-financing capacity and resilience to uncertainties. Ultimately, net income (= EBIT +/- financial result +/- exceptional - corporate tax) amounts to 271 k€, i.e. 5.4% of revenue. This profit can be retained or distributed to shareholders.
Revenue (2024)
?
Revenue
Definition
Total amount of sales of goods and services made by the company.
Formula
Sales of goods + Sold production
5 061 506 €
Gross margin (2024)
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Gross margin
Definition
Difference between revenue and cost of goods sold.
Formula
Revenue - Cost of goods consumed
3 680 142 €
EBITDA (2024)
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Gross Operating Surplus (EBITDA)
Definition
Resources generated by current operations, before depreciation and financial expenses.
Formula
Value added - Personnel expenses - Taxes
Interpretation
Positive = profitable activity
1 414 031 €
EBIT (2024)
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EBIT (Operating Income)
Definition
Operating income, including depreciation and provisions.
Formula
EBITDA - Depreciation and provisions + Reversals
371 830 €
Net income (2024)
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Net income
Definition
Profit or loss after all expenses, including taxes and exceptional items.
Formula
Current income + Exceptional income - Income tax
270 963 €
EBITDA margin (2024)
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EBITDA margin
Definition
Measures the company's operating profitability.
Formula
(EBE / CA) x 100
Interpretation
> 10% : Good profitability 5-10% : Average < 5% : Low
27.9%
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Income statement
Item
Amount
% Revenue
Change
The detailed income statement is not available for this company (simplified accounts or confidential data).
Chart evolution
Show :
Visualization created via numbers.finance Sources : INPI & BCE - Adjustments : Ministry of Economy
Assets
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Item
Gross
Deprec.
Net
%
Change
Assets balance sheet data not available for this company
Liabilities
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Year
%
Change
Liabilities balance sheet data not available for this company
Solvency and debt ratios
The debt ratio (= Financial debt / Equity x 100) stands at 114%. Debt level is high: negotiating margin with banks is reduced. Financial autonomy (= Equity / Total assets x 100) reaches 28%. The balance between equity and debt is satisfactory. Debt repayment capacity (= Financial debt / Cash flow) indicates it would take 0.9 years of cash flow to repay all financial debt. This short period demonstrates excellent debt sustainability. Cash flow represents 8.2% of revenue. Cash flow measures resources generated by operations, available for investment and debt repayment. Satisfactory level allowing partial financing of growth.
Debt ratio (2024)
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Debt ratio
Definition
Measures the proportion of debt to equity.
Formula
(Financial debt / Equity) x 100
Interpretation
< 50% : Low 50-100% : Moderate > 100% : High
113.575%
Financial autonomy (2024)
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Financial autonomy
Definition
Share of equity in the company's total financing.
Formula
(Equity / Total assets) x 100
Interpretation
> 30% : Good autonomy 20-30% : Average < 20% : Low
27.86%
Cash flow / Revenue (2024)
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Cash flow / Revenue
Definition
Self-financing capacity relative to revenue.
Formula
(CAF / CA) x 100
Interpretation
The higher the ratio, the more cash the company generates
8.22%
Repayment capacity (2024)
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Repayment capacity
Definition
Number of years needed to repay debts with cash flow.
Formula
Financial debt / Cash flow
Interpretation
< 3 years : Excellent 3-5 years : Fair > 5 years : Warning
0.887
Asset age ratio (2024)
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Asset age ratio
Definition
Measures the degree of wear of tangible assets.
Formula
Accumulated depreciation / Gross fixed assets x 100
Visualization created via numbers.finance Sources : INPI & BCE - Adjustments : Ministry of Economy
Indicator
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Debt ratio
80.266
40.498
259.226
180.905
62.947
0.0
83.634
85.532
113.575
Financial autonomy
33.202
38.995
20.236
23.056
42.172
63.475
34.609
32.99
27.86
Repayment capacity
0.703
0.388
2.437
1.529
1.267
0.0
0.736
0.707
0.887
Cash flow / Revenue
9.616%
10.186%
8.284%
8.897%
7.701%
12.85%
10.251%
9.352%
8.22%
Sector positioning
Debt ratio
113.582024
2022
2023
2024
Q1: 0.0
Med: 16.12
Q3: 113.7
Average+16 pts over 3 years
In 2024, the debt ratio of FOREM (113.58) ranks above the median of the sector. This ratio measures the weight of debt relative to equity. A reduction effort could improve financial strength.
Financial autonomy
27.86%2024
2022
2023
2024
Q1: 0.43%
Med: 16.82%
Q3: 42.04%
Good
In 2024, the financial autonomy of FOREM (27.9%) ranks above the median of the sector. This ratio represents the share of equity in total financing. This comfortable position offers an appreciable safety margin.
Repayment capacity
0.89 years2024
2022
2023
2024
Q1: 0.0 years
Med: 0.04 years
Q3: 1.89 years
Average
In 2024, the repayment capacity of FOREM (0.89) ranks above the median of the sector. This ratio indicates the number of years needed to repay debt with cash flow. A reduction effort could improve financial strength.
Liquidity ratios
The liquidity ratio (= Current assets / Current liabilities) stands at 46.30. Concretely, the company has €2 of liquid assets for every €1 of short-term debt: no cash risk within 12 months. The interest coverage ratio (= EBIT / Interest expenses) is 1.2x. Coverage is limited: any activity downturn would jeopardize interest payments.
Liquidity ratio (2024)
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Liquidity ratio
Definition
Ability to meet short-term debts with current assets.
Formula
Current assets / Current liabilities
Interpretation
> 1.5 : Very good 1-1.5 : Fair < 1 : Liquidity risk
46.3
Interest coverage (2024)
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Interest coverage
Definition
Ability to cover interest charges with operating income.
Formula
EBIT / Interest expenses
Interpretation
> 3 : Comfortable 1.5-3 : Acceptable < 1.5 : Risk
1.202
Liquidity indicators evolution FOREM
Visualisation créée via abddaf.fr Sources : INPI & BCE - Retraitements : Ministère de l'économie
Indicator
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Liquidity ratio
56.958
63.868
80.777
43.487
45.638
48.838
51.763
49.213
46.3
Interest coverage
0.055
0.041
0.058
0.136
0.137
0.039
0.15
0.916
1.202
Sector positioning
Liquidity ratio
46.32024
2022
2023
2024
Q1: 55.0
Med: 110.69
Q3: 196.26
Watch
In 2024, the liquidity ratio of FOREM (46.30) ranks in the bottom 25% of the sector. This ratio measures the ability to cover short-term debt with current assets. A ratio below 1 may signal potential cash flow tensions.
Interest coverage
1.2x2024
2022
2023
2024
Q1: 0.0x
Med: 0.01x
Q3: 2.83x
Good+9 pts over 3 years
In 2024, the interest coverage of FOREM (1.2x) ranks above the median of the sector. This ratio indicates how many times operating income covers interest expenses. This comfortable position offers an appreciable safety margin.
Working capital requirement (WCR) and payment terms
Working capital requirement (WCR) measures the cash timing gap between customer collections and supplier/inventory payments. Average customer payment term: 3 days (formula: Customer receivables / Revenue incl. VAT x 360). Supplier term: 34 days. Excellent situation: suppliers finance 31 days of the operating cycle (retail model). Inventory turnover is 3 days (= Average inventory / Cost of goods x 360). Fast turnover, sign of good inventory management. WCR is negative (-3 days): operations structurally generate cash.
Operating WCR (2024)
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Operating WCR
Definition
Financing requirement generated by the operating cycle (inventory + receivables - trade payables).
Formula
Inventory + Customer receivables - Trade payables
Interpretation
Negative = cash released Positive = financing needed
-38 670 €
Customer credit (2024)
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Customer credit (days)
Definition
Average payment term granted to customers.
Formula
(Customer receivables / Revenue incl. VAT) x 360
Interpretation
< 45j : Good 45-60j : Average > 60j : Long
3 j
Supplier credit (2024)
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Supplier credit (days)
Definition
Average payment term obtained from suppliers.
Formula
(Trade payables / Purchases incl. VAT) x 360
Interpretation
The longer the term, the better for cash flow
34 j
Inventory turnover (2024)
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Inventory turnover (days)
Definition
Average storage duration for goods or materials.
Formula
(Inventory / Cost of goods) x 360
Interpretation
The lower the ratio, the faster the turnover
3 j
WCR in days of revenue (2024)
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WCR in days of revenue
Definition
Expresses working capital requirement in days of revenue.
Formula
(Operating WCR / Revenue) x 360
Interpretation
The fewer days, the better the working capital management
-3 j
WCR and payment terms evolution FOREM
Visualization created via numbers.finance Sources : INPI & BCE - Adjustments : Ministry of Economy
Indicator
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Operating WCR
-32 689 €
-30 326 €
58 805 €
-141 349 €
-140 785 €
-153 640 €
-83 802 €
-57 279 €
-38 670 €
Inventory turnover (days)
2
3
2
2
3
2
3
2
3
Customer payment term (days)
6
7
7
5
4
4
2
2
3
Supplier payment term (days)
33
37
31
33
28
30
36
34
34
Positioning of FOREM in its sector
Comparison with sector Restauration de type rapide
Valuation estimate
Based on 698 transactions of similar company sales
in 2024,
the value of FOREM is estimated at
5 058 474 €
(range 2 570 761€ - 9 631 571€).
With an EBITDA of 1 414 031€, the sector multiple of 5.4x is applied.
The price/revenue ratio is 0.57x
(in line with sector norms).
This multiples method compares the actual sale price of similar companies to their financial indicators (Revenue, EBITDA, Net Income). It provides a market-based indicative estimate.
Estimated enterprise value2024
698 transactions
2570k€5058k€9631k€
5 058 474 €Range: 2 570 761€ - 9 631 571€
NAF 5 année 2024
Valuation detail by method
Ajustez les pondérations selon votre analyse
EBITDA Multiple50%
1 414 031 €×5.4x
Estimation7 632 696 €
3 760 073€ - 15 008 380€
Revenue Multiple30%
5 061 506 €×0.57x
Estimation2 884 217 €
1 675 494€ - 4 246 741€
Net Income Multiple20%
270 963 €×7.0x
Estimation1 884 305 €
940 385€ - 4 266 798€
Valuation evolution
Visualisation creee via abddaf.fr Sources : BODACC & INPI
How is this estimate calculated?
This estimate is based on the analysis of 698 actual transactions of similar company sales (same NAF code) registered with BODACC between 2016 and 2025.
EBITDA Multiple: Preferred method for profitable SMEs. EBITDA reflects the ability to generate cash.
Revenue Multiple: Used for growing companies or those with low profitability. Reflects commercial potential.
Net Income Multiple: Relevant for mature companies with stable results.
This estimate is provided for information purposes only. A precise valuation requires in-depth analysis (assets, liabilities, prospects, market...).
Similar companies (Restauration de type rapide)
Compare FOREM with other companies in the same sector:
Yes, FOREM generated a net profit of 271 k€ in 2024.
Where is the headquarters of FOREM ?
The headquarters of FOREM is located in MELUN (77000), in the department Seine-et-Marne.
Where to find the tax return of FOREM ?
The tax return of FOREM is available on this page. Click on a year in the 'Data by year' section to view the account details (assets, liabilities, income statement). Data comes from INPI (National Institute of Industrial Property).
In which sector does FOREM operate?
FOREM operates in the sector Restauration de type rapide (NAF code 56.10C). See the 'Sector positioning' section above to compare the company with its competitors.
Item evolution
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