Employees: 11 (2023.0)Legal category: SCA (commandite par actions)Size: PMECreation date: 1972-01-01 (54 years)Status: ActiveBusiness sector: Location de courte durée de voitures et de véhicules automobiles légersLocation: SAINT-ETIENNE (42100), Loire
FLAM : revenue, balance sheet and financial ratios
FLAM is a French company
founded 54 years ago,
specialized in the sector Location de courte durée de voitures et de véhicules automobiles légers.
Based in SAINT-ETIENNE (42100),
this company of category PME
shows in 2024 a revenue of 3.5 M€.
Find below the complete financial statements, solvency ratios, working capital requirements and sector comparison.
In 2024, FLAM achieves revenue of 3.5 M€. Over the period 2016-2024, the company shows strong growth with a CAGR (compound annual growth rate) of +16.6%. Vs 2023, growth of +16% (3.0 M€ -> 3.5 M€). After deducting consumption (35 k€), gross margin stands at 3.5 M€, i.e. a rate of 99%. This ratio measures the ability to generate value from commercial activity. EBITDA (= Gross margin - Personnel expenses - Taxes) reaches 346 k€, representing 9.9% of revenue. Warning negative scissor effect: despite revenue change (+16%), EBITDA varies by -27%, reducing margin by 5.8 pts. This reflects costs rising faster than revenue. This level of operating margin is satisfactory for the sector. Ultimately, net income (= EBIT +/- financial result +/- exceptional - corporate tax) amounts to 116 k€, i.e. 3.3% of revenue. This profit can be retained or distributed to shareholders.
Revenue (2024)
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Revenue
Definition
Total amount of sales of goods and services made by the company.
Formula
Sales of goods + Sold production
3 492 499 €
Gross margin (2024)
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Gross margin
Definition
Difference between revenue and cost of goods sold.
Formula
Revenue - Cost of goods consumed
3 457 403 €
EBITDA (2024)
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Gross Operating Surplus (EBITDA)
Definition
Resources generated by current operations, before depreciation and financial expenses.
Formula
Value added - Personnel expenses - Taxes
Interpretation
Positive = profitable activity
345 983 €
EBIT (2024)
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EBIT (Operating Income)
Definition
Operating income, including depreciation and provisions.
Formula
EBITDA - Depreciation and provisions + Reversals
5 066 €
Net income (2024)
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Net income
Definition
Profit or loss after all expenses, including taxes and exceptional items.
Formula
Current income + Exceptional income - Income tax
115 579 €
EBITDA margin (2024)
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EBITDA margin
Definition
Measures the company's operating profitability.
Formula
(EBE / CA) x 100
Interpretation
> 10% : Good profitability 5-10% : Average < 5% : Low
9.9%
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Income statement
Item
Amount
% Revenue
Change
The detailed income statement is not available for this company (simplified accounts or confidential data).
Chart evolution
Show :
Visualization created via numbers.finance Sources : INPI & BCE - Adjustments : Ministry of Economy
Assets
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Item
Gross
Deprec.
Net
%
Change
Assets balance sheet data not available for this company
Liabilities
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Year
%
Change
Liabilities balance sheet data not available for this company
Solvency and debt ratios
The debt ratio (= Financial debt / Equity x 100) stands at 5%. This very low level reflects a solid financial structure, offering significant room for future investments or acquisitions. Financial autonomy (= Equity / Total assets x 100) reaches 72%. This high autonomy means the company finances most of its assets through equity, a sign of strength. Debt repayment capacity (= Financial debt / Cash flow) indicates it would take 0.8 years of cash flow to repay all financial debt. This short period demonstrates excellent debt sustainability. Cash flow represents 2.1% of revenue. Cash flow measures resources generated by operations, available for investment and debt repayment.
Debt ratio (2024)
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Debt ratio
Definition
Measures the proportion of debt to equity.
Formula
(Financial debt / Equity) x 100
Interpretation
< 50% : Low 50-100% : Moderate > 100% : High
5.37%
Financial autonomy (2024)
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Financial autonomy
Definition
Share of equity in the company's total financing.
Formula
(Equity / Total assets) x 100
Interpretation
> 30% : Good autonomy 20-30% : Average < 20% : Low
72.142%
Cash flow / Revenue (2024)
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Cash flow / Revenue
Definition
Self-financing capacity relative to revenue.
Formula
(CAF / CA) x 100
Interpretation
The higher the ratio, the more cash the company generates
2.121%
Repayment capacity (2024)
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Repayment capacity
Definition
Number of years needed to repay debts with cash flow.
Formula
Financial debt / Cash flow
Interpretation
< 3 years : Excellent 3-5 years : Fair > 5 years : Warning
0.825
Asset age ratio (2024)
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Asset age ratio
Definition
Measures the degree of wear of tangible assets.
Formula
Accumulated depreciation / Gross fixed assets x 100
Visualization created via numbers.finance Sources : INPI & BCE - Adjustments : Ministry of Economy
Indicator
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Debt ratio
18.291
15.141
12.158
9.779
36.358
8.19
6.948
5.942
5.37
Financial autonomy
63.452
57.094
64.966
66.389
57.992
74.65
69.748
63.216
72.142
Repayment capacity
4.701
4.703
1.634
-3.779
-7.513
8.513
0.381
0.383
0.825
Cash flow / Revenue
1.923%
1.088%
2.561%
-0.915%
-1.884%
0.375%
6.315%
5.289%
2.121%
Sector positioning
Debt ratio
5.372024
2022
2023
2024
Q1: 0.0
Med: 14.45
Q3: 116.44
Good
In 2024, the debt ratio of FLAM (5.37) ranks below the median of the sector. This ratio measures the weight of debt relative to equity. This controlled position reflects prudent management.
Financial autonomy
72.14%2024
2022
2023
2024
Q1: 0.16%
Med: 21.35%
Q3: 49.45%
Excellent
In 2024, the financial autonomy of FLAM (72.1%) ranks in the top 25% of the sector. This ratio represents the share of equity in total financing. High autonomy reflects financial independence and ability to absorb shocks.
Repayment capacity
0.82 years2024
2022
2023
2024
Q1: 0.0 years
Med: 0.01 years
Q3: 2.21 years
Average+6 pts over 3 years
In 2024, the repayment capacity of FLAM (0.82) ranks above the median of the sector. This ratio indicates the number of years needed to repay debt with cash flow. A reduction effort could improve financial strength.
Liquidity ratios
The liquidity ratio (= Current assets / Current liabilities) stands at 351.42. Concretely, the company has €2 of liquid assets for every €1 of short-term debt: no cash risk within 12 months.
Liquidity ratio (2024)
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Liquidity ratio
Definition
Ability to meet short-term debts with current assets.
Formula
Current assets / Current liabilities
Interpretation
> 1.5 : Very good 1-1.5 : Fair < 1 : Liquidity risk
351.419
Interest coverage (2024)
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Interest coverage
Definition
Ability to cover interest charges with operating income.
Formula
EBIT / Interest expenses
Interpretation
> 3 : Comfortable 1.5-3 : Acceptable < 1.5 : Risk
0.0
Liquidity indicators evolution FLAM
Visualisation créée via abddaf.fr Sources : INPI & BCE - Retraitements : Ministère de l'économie
Indicator
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Liquidity ratio
309.104
233.867
284.355
285.417
398.681
415.121
338.252
259.987
351.419
Interest coverage
3.924
2.462
0.58
0.726
0.056
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Sector positioning
Liquidity ratio
351.422024
2022
2023
2024
Q1: 75.41
Med: 176.35
Q3: 352.3
Good
In 2024, the liquidity ratio of FLAM (351.42) ranks above the median of the sector. This ratio measures the ability to cover short-term debt with current assets. This comfortable position offers an appreciable safety margin.
Interest coverage
0.0x2024
2022
2023
2024
Q1: 0.0x
Med: 0.0x
Q3: 6.57x
Average
In 2024, the interest coverage of FLAM (0.0x) ranks below the median of the sector. This ratio indicates how many times operating income covers interest expenses. An improvement would strengthen the competitive position.
Working capital requirement (WCR) and payment terms
Working capital requirement (WCR) measures the cash timing gap between customer collections and supplier/inventory payments. Average customer payment term: 39 days (formula: Customer receivables / Revenue incl. VAT x 360). Supplier term: 28 days. The company must finance 11 days of gap between collections and payments. Inventory turnover is 1 days (= Average inventory / Cost of goods x 360). Fast turnover, sign of good inventory management. Overall, WCR represents 63 days of revenue, i.e. 609 k€ to permanently finance. Over 2016-2024, WCR increased by +97%, requiring additional financing.
Operating WCR (2024)
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Operating WCR
Definition
Financing requirement generated by the operating cycle (inventory + receivables - trade payables).
Formula
Inventory + Customer receivables - Trade payables
Interpretation
Negative = cash released Positive = financing needed
609 371 €
Customer credit (2024)
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Customer credit (days)
Definition
Average payment term granted to customers.
Formula
(Customer receivables / Revenue incl. VAT) x 360
Interpretation
< 45j : Good 45-60j : Average > 60j : Long
39 j
Supplier credit (2024)
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Supplier credit (days)
Definition
Average payment term obtained from suppliers.
Formula
(Trade payables / Purchases incl. VAT) x 360
Interpretation
The longer the term, the better for cash flow
28 j
Inventory turnover (2024)
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Inventory turnover (days)
Definition
Average storage duration for goods or materials.
Formula
(Inventory / Cost of goods) x 360
Interpretation
The lower the ratio, the faster the turnover
1 j
WCR in days of revenue (2024)
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WCR in days of revenue
Definition
Expresses working capital requirement in days of revenue.
Formula
(Operating WCR / Revenue) x 360
Interpretation
The fewer days, the better the working capital management
63 j
WCR and payment terms evolution FLAM
Visualization created via numbers.finance Sources : INPI & BCE - Adjustments : Ministry of Economy
Indicator
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Operating WCR
308 817 €
352 589 €
251 174 €
309 053 €
252 901 €
283 966 €
113 295 €
228 367 €
609 371 €
Inventory turnover (days)
12
2
2
2
2
2
1
3
1
Customer payment term (days)
87
65
38
45
33
26
25
24
39
Supplier payment term (days)
47
50
35
34
33
21
13
41
28
Positioning of FLAM in its sector
Comparison with sector Location de courte durée de voitures et de véhicules automobiles légers
Valuation estimate
Based on 276 transactions of similar company sales
(all years),
the value of FLAM is estimated at
4 795 794 €
(range 998 242€ - 6 828 180€).
With an EBITDA of 345 983€, the sector multiple of 11.9x is applied.
The price/revenue ratio is 2.33x
(premium valuation).
This multiples method compares the actual sale price of similar companies to their financial indicators (Revenue, EBITDA, Net Income). It provides a market-based indicative estimate.
Estimated enterprise value2024
276 transactions
998k€4795k€6828k€
4 795 794 €Range: 998 242€ - 6 828 180€
NAF 5 all-time
Valuation detail by method
Ajustez les pondérations selon votre analyse
EBITDA Multiple50%
345 983 €×11.9x
Estimation4 133 955 €
840 650€ - 5 624 888€
Revenue Multiple30%
3 492 499 €×2.33x
Estimation8 150 207 €
1 902 857€ - 10 597 954€
Net Income Multiple20%
115 579 €×12.3x
Estimation1 418 774 €
35 300€ - 4 181 753€
Valuation evolution
Visualisation creee via abddaf.fr Sources : BODACC & INPI
How is this estimate calculated?
This estimate is based on the analysis of 276 actual transactions of similar company sales (same NAF code) registered with BODACC between 2016 and 2025.
EBITDA Multiple: Preferred method for profitable SMEs. EBITDA reflects the ability to generate cash.
Revenue Multiple: Used for growing companies or those with low profitability. Reflects commercial potential.
Net Income Multiple: Relevant for mature companies with stable results.
This estimate is provided for information purposes only. A precise valuation requires in-depth analysis (assets, liabilities, prospects, market...).
Similar companies (Location de courte durée de voitures et de véhicules automobiles légers)
Compare FLAM with other companies in the same sector:
Yes, FLAM generated a net profit of 116 k€ in 2024.
Where is the headquarters of FLAM ?
The headquarters of FLAM is located in SAINT-ETIENNE (42100), in the department Loire.
Where to find the tax return of FLAM ?
The tax return of FLAM is available on this page. Click on a year in the 'Data by year' section to view the account details (assets, liabilities, income statement). Data comes from INPI (National Institute of Industrial Property).
In which sector does FLAM operate?
FLAM operates in the sector Location de courte durée de voitures et de véhicules automobiles légers (NAF code 77.11A). See the 'Sector positioning' section above to compare the company with its competitors.
Item evolution
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