ETUDES ET APPLICATIONS ECONOMIQUES : revenue, balance sheet and financial ratios

ETUDES ET APPLICATIONS ECONOMIQUES is a French company founded 70 years ago, specialized in the sector Édition de revues et périodiques. Based in PARIS (75011), this company of category PME shows in 2021 a revenue of 2.9 M€. Find below the complete financial statements, solvency ratios, working capital requirements and sector comparison.

Data updated on 2026-05-09

Sources : INPI & INSEE SIRENE - Processing : Ministry of Economy

Financial history - ETUDES ET APPLICATIONS ECONOMIQUES (SIREN 784321820)
Indicator 2025 2024 2023 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016
Revenue N/C N/C N/C 2 869 022 € 2 332 987 € 3 010 414 € 3 556 722 € 2 542 835 € 3 234 535 €
Net income 217 614 € 93 080 € 165 659 € 1 778 € -266 708 € 112 005 € -298 552 € 195 057 € -111 173 €
EBITDA N/C N/C N/C 19 190 € -214 766 € 145 656 € -265 434 € 257 778 € -68 814 €
Net margin N/C N/C N/C 0.1% -11.4% 3.7% -8.4% 7.7% -3.4%

Revenue and income statement

In 2025, ETUDES ET APPLICATIONS ECONOMIQUES generates positive net income of 218 k€. Net income represents the final profit after all expenses (operating, financial, exceptional) and corporate tax.

Net income (2025) ?
Net income
Definition
Profit or loss after all expenses, including taxes and exceptional items.
Formula
Current income + Exceptional income - Income tax

217 614 €

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Chart evolution

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Assets

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Liabilities

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Solvency and debt ratios

The debt ratio (= Financial debt / Equity x 100) stands at 0%. This very low level reflects a solid financial structure, offering significant room for future investments or acquisitions. Financial autonomy (= Equity / Total assets x 100) reaches 51%. This high autonomy means the company finances most of its assets through equity, a sign of strength.

Debt ratio (2025) ?
Debt ratio
Definition
Measures the proportion of debt to equity.
Formula
(Financial debt / Equity) x 100
Interpretation
< 50% : Low
50-100% : Moderate
> 100% : High

0.0%

Financial autonomy (2025) ?
Financial autonomy
Definition
Share of equity in the company's total financing.
Formula
(Equity / Total assets) x 100
Interpretation
> 30% : Good autonomy
20-30% : Average
< 20% : Low

50.513%

Solvency indicators evolution
ETUDES ET APPLICATIONS ECONOMIQUES

Sector positioning

Debt ratio
0.0 2025
2023
2024
2025
Q1: 0.0
Med: 0.16
Q3: 14.86
Excellent

In 2025, the debt ratio of ETUDES ET APPLICATIONS EC... (0.00) ranks in the bottom 25% of the sector, which is positive. This ratio measures the weight of debt relative to equity. A low ratio indicates a solid financial structure with little dependence on creditors.

Financial autonomy
50.51% 2025
2023
2024
2025
Q1: 2.63%
Med: 43.49%
Q3: 69.27%
Good +7 pts over 3 years

In 2025, the financial autonomy of ETUDES ET APPLICATIONS EC... (50.5%) ranks above the median of the sector. This ratio represents the share of equity in total financing. This comfortable position offers an appreciable safety margin.

Liquidity ratios

The liquidity ratio (= Current assets / Current liabilities) stands at 204.71. Concretely, the company has €2 of liquid assets for every €1 of short-term debt: no cash risk within 12 months.

Liquidity ratio (2025) ?
Liquidity ratio
Definition
Ability to meet short-term debts with current assets.
Formula
Current assets / Current liabilities
Interpretation
> 1.5 : Very good
1-1.5 : Fair
< 1 : Liquidity risk

204.708

Liquidity indicators evolution
ETUDES ET APPLICATIONS ECONOMIQUES

Sector positioning

Liquidity ratio
204.71 2025
2023
2024
2025
Q1: 130.81
Med: 245.66
Q3: 564.37
Average +10 pts over 3 years

In 2025, the liquidity ratio of ETUDES ET APPLICATIONS EC... (204.71) ranks below the median of the sector. This ratio measures the ability to cover short-term debt with current assets. An improvement would strengthen the competitive position.

Working capital requirement (WCR) and payment terms

Working capital requirement (WCR) measures the cash timing gap between customer collections and supplier/inventory payments.

Operating WCR (2025) ?
Operating WCR
Definition
Financing requirement generated by the operating cycle (inventory + receivables - trade payables).
Formula
Inventory + Customer receivables - Trade payables
Interpretation
Negative = cash released
Positive = financing needed

0 €

Customer credit (2025) ?
Customer credit (days)
Definition
Average payment term granted to customers.
Formula
(Customer receivables / Revenue incl. VAT) x 360
Interpretation
< 45j : Good
45-60j : Average
> 60j : Long

0 j

Supplier credit (2025) ?
Supplier credit (days)
Definition
Average payment term obtained from suppliers.
Formula
(Trade payables / Purchases incl. VAT) x 360
Interpretation
The longer the term, the better for cash flow

0 j

Inventory turnover (2025) ?
Inventory turnover (days)
Definition
Average storage duration for goods or materials.
Formula
(Inventory / Cost of goods) x 360
Interpretation
The lower the ratio, the faster the turnover

0 j

WCR and payment terms evolution
ETUDES ET APPLICATIONS ECONOMIQUES

Positioning of ETUDES ET APPLICATIONS ECONOMIQUES in its sector

Comparison with sector Édition de revues et périodiques

Valuation estimate

Based on 67 transactions of similar company sales (all years), the value of ETUDES ET APPLICATIONS ECONOMIQUES is estimated at 1 187 099 € (range 237 839€ - 2 052 638€). This multiples method compares the actual sale price of similar companies to their financial indicators (Revenue, EBITDA, Net Income). It provides a market-based indicative estimate.
Medium reliability: estimate to be confirmed with in-depth analysis.

Estimated enterprise value 2025
67 tx
237k€ 1187k€ 2052k€
1 187 099 € Range: 237 839€ - 2 052 638€
NAF 5 all-time

Valuation method used

Net Income Multiple
217 614 € × 5.5x = 1 187 100 €
Range: 237 840€ - 2 052 639€

Only this financial indicator is available for this company.

How is this estimate calculated?

This estimate is based on the analysis of 67 actual transactions of similar company sales (same NAF code) registered with BODACC between 2016 and 2025.

  • EBITDA Multiple: Preferred method for profitable SMEs. EBITDA reflects the ability to generate cash.
  • Revenue Multiple: Used for growing companies or those with low profitability. Reflects commercial potential.
  • Net Income Multiple: Relevant for mature companies with stable results.

This estimate is provided for information purposes only. A precise valuation requires in-depth analysis (assets, liabilities, prospects, market...).

Similar companies (Édition de revues et périodiques)

Compare ETUDES ET APPLICATIONS ECONOMIQUES with other companies in the same sector:

Voir toutes les statistiques du secteur Édition de revues et périodiques

Frequently asked questions about ETUDES ET APPLICATIONS ECONOMIQUES

What is the revenue of ETUDES ET APPLICATIONS ECONOMIQUES ?

The revenue of ETUDES ET APPLICATIONS ECONOMIQUES in 2021 is 2.9 M€.

Is ETUDES ET APPLICATIONS ECONOMIQUES profitable?

Yes, ETUDES ET APPLICATIONS ECONOMIQUES generated a net profit of 218 k€ in 2025.

Where is the headquarters of ETUDES ET APPLICATIONS ECONOMIQUES ?

The headquarters of ETUDES ET APPLICATIONS ECONOMIQUES is located in PARIS (75011), in the department Paris.

Where to find the tax return of ETUDES ET APPLICATIONS ECONOMIQUES ?

The tax return of ETUDES ET APPLICATIONS ECONOMIQUES is available on this page. Click on a year in the 'Data by year' section to view the account details (assets, liabilities, income statement). Data comes from INPI (National Institute of Industrial Property).

In which sector does ETUDES ET APPLICATIONS ECONOMIQUES operate?

ETUDES ET APPLICATIONS ECONOMIQUES operates in the sector Édition de revues et périodiques (NAF code 58.14Z). See the 'Sector positioning' section above to compare the company with its competitors.