ESMOD : revenue, balance sheet and financial ratios

ESMOD is a French company founded 69 years ago, specialized in the sector Enseignement supérieur. Based in PARIS (75009), this company of category PME shows in 2025 a revenue of 17.2 M€. Find below the complete financial statements, solvency ratios, working capital requirements and sector comparison.

Data updated on 2026-05-02

Sources : INPI & INSEE SIRENE - Processing : Ministry of Economy

Financial history - ESMOD (SIREN 572135077)
Indicator 2025 2023 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017
Revenue 17 186 620 € 14 745 501 € 11 734 614 € 12 295 384 € 13 067 346 € 14 015 428 € 13 702 116 €
Net income 1 203 952 € 1 592 537 € 299 452 € 261 575 € 547 072 € 475 015 € 800 327 €
EBITDA 522 495 € 324 109 € -715 572 € 47 308 € 162 023 € 250 064 € -50 957 €
Net margin 7.0% 10.8% 2.6% 2.1% 4.2% 3.4% 5.8%

Revenue and income statement

In 2025, ESMOD achieves revenue of 17.2 M€. Revenue is growing positively over 7 years (CAGR: +2.9%). Vs 2023, growth of +17% (14.7 M€ -> 17.2 M€). After deducting consumption (648 k€), gross margin stands at 16.5 M€, i.e. a rate of 96%. This ratio measures the ability to generate value from commercial activity. EBITDA (= Gross margin - Personnel expenses - Taxes) reaches 522 k€, representing 3.0% of revenue. The operating margin remains fragile, requiring cost vigilance. Ultimately, net income (= EBIT +/- financial result +/- exceptional - corporate tax) amounts to 1.2 M€, i.e. 7.0% of revenue. This profit can be retained or distributed to shareholders.

Revenue (2025) ?
Revenue
Definition
Total amount of sales of goods and services made by the company.
Formula
Sales of goods + Sold production

17 186 620 €

Gross margin (2025) ?
Gross margin
Definition
Difference between revenue and cost of goods sold.
Formula
Revenue - Cost of goods consumed

16 538 294 €

EBITDA (2025) ?
Gross Operating Surplus (EBITDA)
Definition
Resources generated by current operations, before depreciation and financial expenses.
Formula
Value added - Personnel expenses - Taxes
Interpretation
Positive = profitable activity

522 495 €

EBIT (2025) ?
EBIT (Operating Income)
Definition
Operating income, including depreciation and provisions.
Formula
EBITDA - Depreciation and provisions + Reversals

636 403 €

Net income (2025) ?
Net income
Definition
Profit or loss after all expenses, including taxes and exceptional items.
Formula
Current income + Exceptional income - Income tax

1 203 952 €

EBITDA margin (2025) ?
EBITDA margin
Definition
Measures the company's operating profitability.
Formula
(EBE / CA) x 100
Interpretation
> 10% : Good profitability
5-10% : Average
< 5% : Low

3.0%

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Chart evolution

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Assets

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Liabilities

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Solvency and debt ratios

The debt ratio (= Financial debt / Equity x 100) stands at 3%. This very low level reflects a solid financial structure, offering significant room for future investments or acquisitions. Financial autonomy (= Equity / Total assets x 100) reaches 47%. This high autonomy means the company finances most of its assets through equity, a sign of strength. Debt repayment capacity (= Financial debt / Cash flow) indicates it would take 0.2 years of cash flow to repay all financial debt. This short period demonstrates excellent debt sustainability. Cash flow represents 9.0% of revenue. Cash flow measures resources generated by operations, available for investment and debt repayment. Satisfactory level allowing partial financing of growth.

Debt ratio (2025) ?
Debt ratio
Definition
Measures the proportion of debt to equity.
Formula
(Financial debt / Equity) x 100
Interpretation
< 50% : Low
50-100% : Moderate
> 100% : High

3.226%

Financial autonomy (2025) ?
Financial autonomy
Definition
Share of equity in the company's total financing.
Formula
(Equity / Total assets) x 100
Interpretation
> 30% : Good autonomy
20-30% : Average
< 20% : Low

46.695%

Cash flow / Revenue (2025) ?
Cash flow / Revenue
Definition
Self-financing capacity relative to revenue.
Formula
(CAF / CA) x 100
Interpretation
The higher the ratio, the more cash the company generates

8.958%

Repayment capacity (2025) ?
Repayment capacity
Definition
Number of years needed to repay debts with cash flow.
Formula
Financial debt / Cash flow
Interpretation
< 3 years : Excellent
3-5 years : Fair
> 5 years : Warning

0.206

Asset age ratio (2025) ?
Asset age ratio
Definition
Measures the degree of wear of tangible assets.
Formula
Accumulated depreciation / Gross fixed assets x 100
Interpretation
< 50% : Recent assets
50-70% : Normal wear
> 70% : Aging assets

36.1%

Solvency indicators evolution
ESMOD

Sector positioning

Debt ratio
3.23 2025
2021
2023
2025
Q1: 0.01
Med: 16.33
Q3: 62.74
Good

In 2025, the debt ratio of ESMOD (3.23) ranks below the median of the sector. This ratio measures the weight of debt relative to equity. This controlled position reflects prudent management.

Financial autonomy
46.7% 2025
2021
2023
2025
Q1: 12.12%
Med: 37.64%
Q3: 50.22%
Good -9 pts over 3 years

In 2025, the financial autonomy of ESMOD (46.7%) ranks above the median of the sector. This ratio represents the share of equity in total financing. This comfortable position offers an appreciable safety margin.

Repayment capacity
0.21 years 2025
2021
2023
2025
Q1: 0.0 years
Med: 0.3 years
Q3: 2.06 years
Good +17 pts over 3 years

In 2025, the repayment capacity of ESMOD (0.21) ranks below the median of the sector. This ratio indicates the number of years needed to repay debt with cash flow. This controlled position reflects prudent management.

Liquidity ratios

The liquidity ratio (= Current assets / Current liabilities) stands at 122.87. Concretely, the company has €2 of liquid assets for every €1 of short-term debt: no cash risk within 12 months. The interest coverage ratio (= EBIT / Interest expenses) is 2.0x. Financial charges are adequately covered by operations.

Liquidity ratio (2025) ?
Liquidity ratio
Definition
Ability to meet short-term debts with current assets.
Formula
Current assets / Current liabilities
Interpretation
> 1.5 : Very good
1-1.5 : Fair
< 1 : Liquidity risk

122.866

Interest coverage (2025) ?
Interest coverage
Definition
Ability to cover interest charges with operating income.
Formula
EBIT / Interest expenses
Interpretation
> 3 : Comfortable
1.5-3 : Acceptable
< 1.5 : Risk

2.041

Liquidity indicators evolution
ESMOD

Sector positioning

Liquidity ratio
122.87 2025
2021
2023
2025
Q1: 136.39
Med: 253.74
Q3: 487.88
Watch -14 pts over 3 years

In 2025, the liquidity ratio of ESMOD (122.87) ranks in the bottom 25% of the sector. This ratio measures the ability to cover short-term debt with current assets. A ratio below 1 may signal potential cash flow tensions.

Interest coverage
2.04x 2025
2021
2023
2025
Q1: 0.0x
Med: 1.18x
Q3: 5.3x
Good +30 pts over 3 years

In 2025, the interest coverage of ESMOD (2.0x) ranks above the median of the sector. This ratio indicates how many times operating income covers interest expenses. This comfortable position offers an appreciable safety margin.

Working capital requirement (WCR) and payment terms

Working capital requirement (WCR) measures the cash timing gap between customer collections and supplier/inventory payments. Average customer payment term: 38 days (formula: Customer receivables / Revenue incl. VAT x 360). Supplier term: 39 days. Favorable situation: supplier credit is longer than customer credit by 1 days. Inventory turnover is 6 days (= Average inventory / Cost of goods x 360). Fast turnover, sign of good inventory management. WCR is negative (-128 days): operations structurally generate cash.

Operating WCR (2025) ?
Operating WCR
Definition
Financing requirement generated by the operating cycle (inventory + receivables - trade payables).
Formula
Inventory + Customer receivables - Trade payables
Interpretation
Negative = cash released
Positive = financing needed

-6 099 875 €

Customer credit (2025) ?
Customer credit (days)
Definition
Average payment term granted to customers.
Formula
(Customer receivables / Revenue incl. VAT) x 360
Interpretation
< 45j : Good
45-60j : Average
> 60j : Long

38 j

Supplier credit (2025) ?
Supplier credit (days)
Definition
Average payment term obtained from suppliers.
Formula
(Trade payables / Purchases incl. VAT) x 360
Interpretation
The longer the term, the better for cash flow

39 j

Inventory turnover (2025) ?
Inventory turnover (days)
Definition
Average storage duration for goods or materials.
Formula
(Inventory / Cost of goods) x 360
Interpretation
The lower the ratio, the faster the turnover

6 j

WCR in days of revenue (2025) ?
WCR in days of revenue
Definition
Expresses working capital requirement in days of revenue.
Formula
(Operating WCR / Revenue) x 360
Interpretation
The fewer days, the better the working capital management

-128 j

WCR and payment terms evolution
ESMOD

Positioning of ESMOD in its sector

Comparison with sector Enseignement supérieur

Valuation estimate

Based on 412 transactions of similar company sales (all years), the value of ESMOD is estimated at 3 200 690 € (range 1 432 395€ - 7 982 954€). With an EBITDA of 522 495€, the sector multiple of 3.0x is applied. The price/revenue ratio is 0.29x (conservative valuation). This multiples method compares the actual sale price of similar companies to their financial indicators (Revenue, EBITDA, Net Income). It provides a market-based indicative estimate.

Estimated enterprise value 2025
412 transactions
1432k€ 3200k€ 7982k€
3 200 690 € Range: 1 432 395€ - 7 982 954€
Section all-time Aggregated at NAF section level

Valuation detail by method

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EBITDA Multiple 50%
522 495 € × 3.0x
Estimation 1 546 172 €
588 782€ - 4 218 034€
Revenue Multiple 30%
17 186 620 € × 0.29x
Estimation 5 014 644 €
2 600 265€ - 8 148 473€
Net Income Multiple 20%
1 203 952 € × 3.8x
Estimation 4 616 053 €
1 789 627€ - 17 146 975€

Valuation evolution

How is this estimate calculated?

This estimate is based on the analysis of 412 actual transactions of similar company sales (same NAF code) registered with BODACC between 2016 and 2025.

  • EBITDA Multiple: Preferred method for profitable SMEs. EBITDA reflects the ability to generate cash.
  • Revenue Multiple: Used for growing companies or those with low profitability. Reflects commercial potential.
  • Net Income Multiple: Relevant for mature companies with stable results.

This estimate is provided for information purposes only. A precise valuation requires in-depth analysis (assets, liabilities, prospects, market...).

Similar companies (Enseignement supérieur)

Compare ESMOD with other companies in the same sector:

Frequently asked questions about ESMOD

What is the revenue of ESMOD ?

The revenue of ESMOD in 2025 is 17.2 M€.

Is ESMOD profitable?

Yes, ESMOD generated a net profit of 1.2 M€ in 2025.

Where is the headquarters of ESMOD ?

The headquarters of ESMOD is located in PARIS (75009), in the department Paris.

Where to find the tax return of ESMOD ?

The tax return of ESMOD is available on this page. Click on a year in the 'Data by year' section to view the account details (assets, liabilities, income statement). Data comes from INPI (National Institute of Industrial Property).

In which sector does ESMOD operate?

ESMOD operates in the sector Enseignement supérieur (NAF code 85.42Z). See the 'Sector positioning' section above to compare the company with its competitors.