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ESEN : revenue, balance sheet and financial ratios

ESEN is a French company founded 15 years ago, specialized in the sector Commerce de gros (commerce interentreprises) de matériel électrique. Based in ORLY (94310), this company of category PME shows in 2016 a revenue of 597 k€. Find below the complete financial statements, solvency ratios, working capital requirements and sector comparison.

Data updated on 2026-05-02

Sources : INPI & INSEE SIRENE - Processing : Ministry of Economy

Financial history - ESEN (SIREN 522960459)
Indicator 2016
Revenue 597 279 €
Net income 3 316 €
EBITDA 32 353 €
Net margin 0.6%

Revenue and income statement

In 2016, ESEN achieves revenue of 597 k€. After deducting consumption (401 k€), gross margin stands at 197 k€, i.e. a rate of 33%. This ratio measures the ability to generate value from commercial activity. EBITDA (= Gross margin - Personnel expenses - Taxes) reaches 32 k€, representing 5.4% of revenue. The operating margin remains fragile, requiring cost vigilance. Ultimately, net income (= EBIT +/- financial result +/- exceptional - corporate tax) amounts to 3 k€, i.e. 0.6% of revenue. This profit can be retained or distributed to shareholders.

Revenue (2016) ?
Revenue
Definition
Total amount of sales of goods and services made by the company.
Formula
Sales of goods + Sold production

597 279 €

Gross margin (2016) ?
Gross margin
Definition
Difference between revenue and cost of goods sold.
Formula
Revenue - Cost of goods consumed

196 617 €

EBITDA (2016) ?
Gross Operating Surplus (EBITDA)
Definition
Resources generated by current operations, before depreciation and financial expenses.
Formula
Value added - Personnel expenses - Taxes
Interpretation
Positive = profitable activity

32 353 €

EBIT (2016) ?
EBIT (Operating Income)
Definition
Operating income, including depreciation and provisions.
Formula
EBITDA - Depreciation and provisions + Reversals

25 901 €

Net income (2016) ?
Net income
Definition
Profit or loss after all expenses, including taxes and exceptional items.
Formula
Current income + Exceptional income - Income tax

3 316 €

EBITDA margin (2016) ?
EBITDA margin
Definition
Measures the company's operating profitability.
Formula
(EBE / CA) x 100
Interpretation
> 10% : Good profitability
5-10% : Average
< 5% : Low

5.4%

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Chart evolution

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Assets

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Liabilities

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Solvency and debt ratios

The debt ratio (= Financial debt / Equity x 100) stands at 0%. This very low level reflects a solid financial structure, offering significant room for future investments or acquisitions. Financial autonomy (= Equity / Total assets x 100) reaches 16%. Low autonomy: the company heavily depends on external financing (banks, suppliers). Cash flow represents 1.6% of revenue. Cash flow measures resources generated by operations, available for investment and debt repayment.

Debt ratio (2016) ?
Debt ratio
Definition
Measures the proportion of debt to equity.
Formula
(Financial debt / Equity) x 100
Interpretation
< 50% : Low
50-100% : Moderate
> 100% : High

0.0%

Financial autonomy (2016) ?
Financial autonomy
Definition
Share of equity in the company's total financing.
Formula
(Equity / Total assets) x 100
Interpretation
> 30% : Good autonomy
20-30% : Average
< 20% : Low

15.927%

Cash flow / Revenue (2016) ?
Cash flow / Revenue
Definition
Self-financing capacity relative to revenue.
Formula
(CAF / CA) x 100
Interpretation
The higher the ratio, the more cash the company generates

1.636%

Repayment capacity (2016) ?
Repayment capacity
Definition
Number of years needed to repay debts with cash flow.
Formula
Financial debt / Cash flow
Interpretation
< 3 years : Excellent
3-5 years : Fair
> 5 years : Warning

0.0

Asset age ratio (2016) ?
Asset age ratio
Definition
Measures the degree of wear of tangible assets.
Formula
Accumulated depreciation / Gross fixed assets x 100
Interpretation
< 50% : Recent assets
50-70% : Normal wear
> 70% : Aging assets

13.6%

Solvency indicators evolution
ESEN

Sector positioning

Debt ratio
0.0 2016
2016
Q1: 0.01
Med: 8.18
Q3: 46.62
Excellent

In 2016, the debt ratio of ESEN (0.00) ranks in the bottom 25% of the sector, which is positive. This ratio measures the weight of debt relative to equity. A low ratio indicates a solid financial structure with little dependence on creditors.

Financial autonomy
15.93% 2016
2016
Q1: 18.25%
Med: 38.92%
Q3: 60.4%
Average

In 2016, the financial autonomy of ESEN (15.9%) ranks below the median of the sector. This ratio represents the share of equity in total financing. An improvement would strengthen the competitive position.

Repayment capacity
0.0 years 2016
2016
Q1: 0.0 years
Med: 0.01 years
Q3: 1.22 years
Excellent

In 2016, the repayment capacity of ESEN (0.00) ranks in the bottom 25% of the sector, which is positive. This ratio indicates the number of years needed to repay debt with cash flow. A short capacity reflects controlled debt and good cash generation.

Liquidity ratios

The liquidity ratio (= Current assets / Current liabilities) stands at 207.01. Concretely, the company has €2 of liquid assets for every €1 of short-term debt: no cash risk within 12 months. The interest coverage ratio (= EBIT / Interest expenses) is 4.4x. Financial charges are adequately covered by operations.

Liquidity ratio (2016) ?
Liquidity ratio
Definition
Ability to meet short-term debts with current assets.
Formula
Current assets / Current liabilities
Interpretation
> 1.5 : Very good
1-1.5 : Fair
< 1 : Liquidity risk

207.009

Interest coverage (2016) ?
Interest coverage
Definition
Ability to cover interest charges with operating income.
Formula
EBIT / Interest expenses
Interpretation
> 3 : Comfortable
1.5-3 : Acceptable
< 1.5 : Risk

4.435

Liquidity indicators evolution
ESEN

Sector positioning

Liquidity ratio
207.01 2016
2016
Q1: 137.43
Med: 194.71
Q3: 291.81
Good

In 2016, the liquidity ratio of ESEN (207.01) ranks above the median of the sector. This ratio measures the ability to cover short-term debt with current assets. This comfortable position offers an appreciable safety margin.

Interest coverage
4.43x 2016
2016
Q1: 0.0x
Med: 0.61x
Q3: 5.69x
Good

In 2016, the interest coverage of ESEN (4.4x) ranks above the median of the sector. This ratio indicates how many times operating income covers interest expenses. This comfortable position offers an appreciable safety margin.

Working capital requirement (WCR) and payment terms

Working capital requirement (WCR) measures the cash timing gap between customer collections and supplier/inventory payments. Average customer payment term: 84 days (formula: Customer receivables / Revenue incl. VAT x 360). Supplier term: 0 days. The gap of 84 days means the company finances its customers for over a month before being paid relative to supplier payments. This weighs on cash flow. Inventory turnover is 59 days (= Average inventory / Cost of goods x 360). Overall, WCR represents 79 days of revenue, i.e. 131 k€ to permanently finance.

Operating WCR (2016) ?
Operating WCR
Definition
Financing requirement generated by the operating cycle (inventory + receivables - trade payables).
Formula
Inventory + Customer receivables - Trade payables
Interpretation
Negative = cash released
Positive = financing needed

131 479 €

Customer credit (2016) ?
Customer credit (days)
Definition
Average payment term granted to customers.
Formula
(Customer receivables / Revenue incl. VAT) x 360
Interpretation
< 45j : Good
45-60j : Average
> 60j : Long

84 j

Supplier credit (2016) ?
Supplier credit (days)
Definition
Average payment term obtained from suppliers.
Formula
(Trade payables / Purchases incl. VAT) x 360
Interpretation
The longer the term, the better for cash flow

0 j

Inventory turnover (2016) ?
Inventory turnover (days)
Definition
Average storage duration for goods or materials.
Formula
(Inventory / Cost of goods) x 360
Interpretation
The lower the ratio, the faster the turnover

59 j

WCR in days of revenue (2016) ?
WCR in days of revenue
Definition
Expresses working capital requirement in days of revenue.
Formula
(Operating WCR / Revenue) x 360
Interpretation
The fewer days, the better the working capital management

79 j

WCR and payment terms evolution
ESEN

Positioning of ESEN in its sector

Comparison with sector Commerce de gros (commerce interentreprises) de matériel électrique

Valuation estimate

Based on 356 transactions of similar company sales (all years), the value of ESEN is estimated at 57 873 € (range 26 685€ - 128 964€). With an EBITDA of 32 353€, the sector multiple of 1.5x is applied. The price/revenue ratio is 0.19x (conservative valuation). This multiples method compares the actual sale price of similar companies to their financial indicators (Revenue, EBITDA, Net Income). It provides a market-based indicative estimate.

Estimated enterprise value 2016
356 transactions
26k€ 57k€ 128k€
57 873 € Range: 26 685€ - 128 964€
NAF 5 all-time

Valuation detail by method

Ajustez les pondérations selon votre analyse

EBITDA Multiple 50%
32 353 € × 1.5x
Estimation 47 143 €
15 552€ - 131 814€
Revenue Multiple 30%
597 279 € × 0.19x
Estimation 111 198 €
61 839€ - 199 532€
Net Income Multiple 20%
3 316 € × 1.4x
Estimation 4 711 €
1 790€ - 15 989€
How is this estimate calculated?

This estimate is based on the analysis of 356 actual transactions of similar company sales (same NAF code) registered with BODACC between 2016 and 2025.

  • EBITDA Multiple: Preferred method for profitable SMEs. EBITDA reflects the ability to generate cash.
  • Revenue Multiple: Used for growing companies or those with low profitability. Reflects commercial potential.
  • Net Income Multiple: Relevant for mature companies with stable results.

This estimate is provided for information purposes only. A precise valuation requires in-depth analysis (assets, liabilities, prospects, market...).

Similar companies (Commerce de gros (commerce interentreprises) de matériel électrique)

Compare ESEN with other companies in the same sector:

Frequently asked questions about ESEN

What is the revenue of ESEN ?

The revenue of ESEN in 2016 is 597 k€.

Is ESEN profitable?

Yes, ESEN generated a net profit of 3 k€ in 2016.

Where is the headquarters of ESEN ?

The headquarters of ESEN is located in ORLY (94310), in the department Val-de-Marne.

Where to find the tax return of ESEN ?

The tax return of ESEN is available on this page. Click on a year in the 'Data by year' section to view the account details (assets, liabilities, income statement). Data comes from INPI (National Institute of Industrial Property).

In which sector does ESEN operate?

ESEN operates in the sector Commerce de gros (commerce interentreprises) de matériel électrique (NAF code 46.69A). See the 'Sector positioning' section above to compare the company with its competitors.