Employees: 11 (2023.0)Legal category: SAS (autres)Size: PMECreation date: 1997-02-20 (29 years)Status: ActiveBusiness sector: Édition de revues et périodiquesLocation: PARIS (75009), Paris
EROLD : revenue, balance sheet and financial ratios
EROLD is a French company
founded 29 years ago,
specialized in the sector Édition de revues et périodiques.
Based in PARIS (75009),
this company of category PME
shows in 2022 a revenue of 3.5 M€.
Find below the complete financial statements, solvency ratios, working capital requirements and sector comparison.
In 2022, EROLD achieves revenue of 3.5 M€. Revenue is declining over the period 2016-2022 (CAGR: -12.0%). Significant drop of -30% vs 2021. After deducting consumption (166 €), gross margin stands at 3.5 M€, i.e. a rate of 100%. This ratio measures the ability to generate value from commercial activity. EBITDA (= Gross margin - Personnel expenses - Taxes) reaches 121 k€, representing 3.5% of revenue. Warning negative scissor effect: despite revenue change (-30%), EBITDA varies by -91%, reducing margin by 23.0 pts. This reflects costs rising faster than revenue. The operating margin remains fragile, requiring cost vigilance. Net income is negative at -5.3 M€ (-151.7% of revenue), which will impact equity.
Revenue (2022)
?
Revenue
Definition
Total amount of sales of goods and services made by the company.
Formula
Sales of goods + Sold production
3 486 622 €
Gross margin (2022)
?
Gross margin
Definition
Difference between revenue and cost of goods sold.
Formula
Revenue - Cost of goods consumed
3 486 456 €
EBITDA (2022)
?
Gross Operating Surplus (EBITDA)
Definition
Resources generated by current operations, before depreciation and financial expenses.
Formula
Value added - Personnel expenses - Taxes
Interpretation
Positive = profitable activity
120 971 €
EBIT (2022)
?
EBIT (Operating Income)
Definition
Operating income, including depreciation and provisions.
Formula
EBITDA - Depreciation and provisions + Reversals
-933 773 €
Net income (2022)
?
Net income
Definition
Profit or loss after all expenses, including taxes and exceptional items.
Formula
Current income + Exceptional income - Income tax
-5 289 211 €
EBITDA margin (2022)
?
EBITDA margin
Definition
Measures the company's operating profitability.
Formula
(EBE / CA) x 100
Interpretation
> 10% : Good profitability 5-10% : Average < 5% : Low
3.4%
Loading income statement...
Income statement
Item
Amount
% Revenue
Change
The detailed income statement is not available for this company (simplified accounts or confidential data).
Chart evolution
Show :
Visualization created via numbers.finance Sources : INPI & BCE - Adjustments : Ministry of Economy
Assets
Loading data...
Item
Gross
Deprec.
Net
%
Change
Assets balance sheet data not available for this company
Liabilities
Loading data...
Item
Year
%
Change
Liabilities balance sheet data not available for this company
Solvency and debt ratios
The debt ratio (= Financial debt / Equity x 100) stands at 109%. Debt level is high: negotiating margin with banks is reduced. Financial autonomy (= Equity / Total assets x 100) reaches 33%. The balance between equity and debt is satisfactory. Debt repayment capacity (= Financial debt / Cash flow) indicates it would take 20.4 years of cash flow to repay all financial debt. Beyond 7 years, banks generally consider credit risk as high. Cash flow represents 4.0% of revenue. Cash flow measures resources generated by operations, available for investment and debt repayment.
Debt ratio (2022)
?
Debt ratio
Definition
Measures the proportion of debt to equity.
Formula
(Financial debt / Equity) x 100
Interpretation
< 50% : Low 50-100% : Moderate > 100% : High
109.135%
Financial autonomy (2022)
?
Financial autonomy
Definition
Share of equity in the company's total financing.
Formula
(Equity / Total assets) x 100
Interpretation
> 30% : Good autonomy 20-30% : Average < 20% : Low
32.695%
Cash flow / Revenue (2022)
?
Cash flow / Revenue
Definition
Self-financing capacity relative to revenue.
Formula
(CAF / CA) x 100
Interpretation
The higher the ratio, the more cash the company generates
4.004%
Repayment capacity (2022)
?
Repayment capacity
Definition
Number of years needed to repay debts with cash flow.
Formula
Financial debt / Cash flow
Interpretation
< 3 years : Excellent 3-5 years : Fair > 5 years : Warning
20.415
Asset age ratio (2022)
?
Asset age ratio
Definition
Measures the degree of wear of tangible assets.
Formula
Accumulated depreciation / Gross fixed assets x 100
Visualization created via numbers.finance Sources : INPI & BCE - Adjustments : Ministry of Economy
Indicator
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
Debt ratio
97.57
91.918
80.822
76.949
74.103
47.92
109.135
Financial autonomy
38.567
42.809
45.007
43.244
44.576
54.276
32.695
Repayment capacity
1.658
1.796
2.163
1.817
3.1
2.734
20.415
Cash flow / Revenue
44.683%
44.869%
42.145%
42.811%
30.088%
27.378%
4.004%
Sector positioning
Debt ratio
109.142022
2020
2021
2022
Q1: 0.0
Med: 0.47
Q3: 35.5
Watch
In 2022, the debt ratio of EROLD (109.14) ranks in the top 25% of the sector. This ratio measures the weight of debt relative to equity. A high ratio may indicate excessive dependence on external financing.
Financial autonomy
32.7%2022
2020
2021
2022
Q1: 4.53%
Med: 35.24%
Q3: 59.6%
Average-17 pts over 3 years
In 2022, the financial autonomy of EROLD (32.7%) ranks below the median of the sector. This ratio represents the share of equity in total financing. An improvement would strengthen the competitive position.
Repayment capacity
20.41 years2022
2020
2021
2022
Q1: 0.0 years
Med: 0.0 years
Q3: 0.57 years
Watch
In 2022, the repayment capacity of EROLD (20.41) ranks in the top 25% of the sector. This ratio indicates the number of years needed to repay debt with cash flow. A long duration may signal heavy debt relative to repayment capacity.
Liquidity ratios
The liquidity ratio (= Current assets / Current liabilities) stands at 143.57. Concretely, the company has €2 of liquid assets for every €1 of short-term debt: no cash risk within 12 months. The interest coverage ratio (= EBIT / Interest expenses) is 2104.4x. Operating income very largely covers interest expenses: high safety margin.
Liquidity ratio (2022)
?
Liquidity ratio
Definition
Ability to meet short-term debts with current assets.
Formula
Current assets / Current liabilities
Interpretation
> 1.5 : Very good 1-1.5 : Fair < 1 : Liquidity risk
143.574
Interest coverage (2022)
?
Interest coverage
Definition
Ability to cover interest charges with operating income.
Formula
EBIT / Interest expenses
Interpretation
> 3 : Comfortable 1.5-3 : Acceptable < 1.5 : Risk
2104.423
Liquidity indicators evolution EROLD
Visualisation créée via abddaf.fr Sources : INPI & BCE - Retraitements : Ministère de l'économie
Indicator
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
Liquidity ratio
191.428
207.221
186.184
158.535
242.656
199.668
143.574
Interest coverage
1.757
3.701
9.554
10.019
84.937
9.055
2104.423
Sector positioning
Liquidity ratio
143.572022
2020
2021
2022
Q1: 121.72
Med: 203.54
Q3: 420.75
Average-23 pts over 3 years
In 2022, the liquidity ratio of EROLD (143.57) ranks below the median of the sector. This ratio measures the ability to cover short-term debt with current assets. An improvement would strengthen the competitive position.
Interest coverage
2104.42x2022
2020
2021
2022
Q1: 0.0x
Med: 0.0x
Q3: 0.63x
Excellent
In 2022, the interest coverage of EROLD (2104.4x) ranks in the top 25% of the sector. This ratio indicates how many times operating income covers interest expenses. High coverage means financial charges weigh little on profitability.
Working capital requirement (WCR) and payment terms
Working capital requirement (WCR) measures the cash timing gap between customer collections and supplier/inventory payments. Average customer payment term: 146 days (formula: Customer receivables / Revenue incl. VAT x 360). Supplier term: 165 days. Favorable situation: supplier credit is longer than customer credit by 19 days. Overall, WCR represents 210 days of revenue, i.e. 2.0 M€ to permanently finance. Over 2016-2022, WCR increased by +37%, requiring additional financing.
Operating WCR (2022)
?
Operating WCR
Definition
Financing requirement generated by the operating cycle (inventory + receivables - trade payables).
Formula
Inventory + Customer receivables - Trade payables
Interpretation
Negative = cash released Positive = financing needed
2 035 525 €
Customer credit (2022)
?
Customer credit (days)
Definition
Average payment term granted to customers.
Formula
(Customer receivables / Revenue incl. VAT) x 360
Interpretation
< 45j : Good 45-60j : Average > 60j : Long
146 j
Supplier credit (2022)
?
Supplier credit (days)
Definition
Average payment term obtained from suppliers.
Formula
(Trade payables / Purchases incl. VAT) x 360
Interpretation
The longer the term, the better for cash flow
165 j
Inventory turnover (2022)
?
Inventory turnover (days)
Definition
Average storage duration for goods or materials.
Formula
(Inventory / Cost of goods) x 360
Interpretation
The lower the ratio, the faster the turnover
0 j
WCR in days of revenue (2022)
?
WCR in days of revenue
Definition
Expresses working capital requirement in days of revenue.
Formula
(Operating WCR / Revenue) x 360
Interpretation
The fewer days, the better the working capital management
210 j
WCR and payment terms evolution EROLD
Visualization created via numbers.finance Sources : INPI & BCE - Adjustments : Ministry of Economy
Indicator
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
Operating WCR
1 482 860 €
2 328 352 €
2 581 538 €
2 962 466 €
3 368 921 €
2 278 801 €
2 035 525 €
Inventory turnover (days)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Customer payment term (days)
97
107
131
188
204
179
146
Supplier payment term (days)
143
140
155
189
128
127
165
Positioning of EROLD in its sector
Comparison with sector Édition de revues et périodiques
Valuation estimate
Based on 67 transactions of similar company sales
(all years),
the value of EROLD is estimated at
294 820 €
(range 191 934€ - 1 054 872€).
With an EBITDA of 120 971€, the sector multiple of 1.1x is applied.
The price/revenue ratio is 0.16x
(conservative valuation).
This multiples method compares the actual sale price of similar companies to their financial indicators (Revenue, EBITDA, Net Income). It provides a market-based indicative estimate. Medium reliability: estimate to be confirmed with in-depth analysis.
Estimated enterprise value2022
67 tx
191k€294k€1054k€
294 820 €Range: 191 934€ - 1 054 872€
NAF 5 all-time
Valuation detail by method
Ajustez les pondérations selon votre analyse
EBITDA Multiple50%
120 971 €×1.1x
Estimation127 685 €
72 601€ - 735 989€
Revenue Multiple30%
3 486 622 €×0.16x
Estimation573 380 €
390 825€ - 1 586 345€
How is this estimate calculated?
This estimate is based on the analysis of 67 actual transactions of similar company sales (same NAF code) registered with BODACC between 2016 and 2025.
EBITDA Multiple: Preferred method for profitable SMEs. EBITDA reflects the ability to generate cash.
Revenue Multiple: Used for growing companies or those with low profitability. Reflects commercial potential.
Net Income Multiple: Relevant for mature companies with stable results.
This estimate is provided for information purposes only. A precise valuation requires in-depth analysis (assets, liabilities, prospects, market...).
Similar companies (Édition de revues et périodiques)
Compare EROLD with other companies in the same sector:
The headquarters of EROLD is located in PARIS (75009), in the department Paris.
Where to find the tax return of EROLD ?
The tax return of EROLD is available on this page. Click on a year in the 'Data by year' section to view the account details (assets, liabilities, income statement). Data comes from INPI (National Institute of Industrial Property).
In which sector does EROLD operate?
EROLD operates in the sector Édition de revues et périodiques (NAF code 58.14Z). See the 'Sector positioning' section above to compare the company with its competitors.
Item evolution
Rotate your phone to landscape mode to view the chart