ENGLISH FOR FRENCH : revenue, balance sheet and financial ratios
ENGLISH FOR FRENCH is a French company
founded 10 years ago,
specialized in the sector Formation continue d'adultes.
Based in SAINT-REMY-DE-PROVENCE (13210),
this company of category PME
shows in 2019 a revenue of 286 k€.
Find below the complete financial statements, solvency ratios, working capital requirements and sector comparison.
Financial history - ENGLISH FOR FRENCH (SIREN 817796527)
Indicator
2019
2018
2017
2016
Revenue
285 877 €
233 916 €
164 301 €
82 910 €
Net income
33 608 €
35 053 €
27 088 €
1 826 €
EBITDA
27 764 €
41 045 €
31 343 €
2 817 €
Net margin
11.8%
15.0%
16.5%
2.2%
Revenue and income statement
In 2019, ENGLISH FOR FRENCH achieves revenue of 286 k€. Over the period 2016-2019, the company shows strong growth with a CAGR (compound annual growth rate) of +51.1%. Vs 2018, growth of +22% (234 k€ -> 286 k€). After deducting consumption (1 k€), gross margin stands at 285 k€, i.e. a rate of 100%. This ratio measures the ability to generate value from commercial activity. EBITDA (= Gross margin - Personnel expenses - Taxes) reaches 28 k€, representing 9.7% of revenue. Warning negative scissor effect: despite revenue change (+22%), EBITDA varies by -32%, reducing margin by 7.8 pts. This reflects costs rising faster than revenue. This level of operating margin is satisfactory for the sector. Ultimately, net income (= EBIT +/- financial result +/- exceptional - corporate tax) amounts to 34 k€, i.e. 11.8% of revenue. This profit can be retained or distributed to shareholders.
Revenue (2019)
?
Revenue
Definition
Total amount of sales of goods and services made by the company.
Formula
Sales of goods + Sold production
285 877 €
Gross margin (2019)
?
Gross margin
Definition
Difference between revenue and cost of goods sold.
Formula
Revenue - Cost of goods consumed
284 760 €
EBITDA (2019)
?
Gross Operating Surplus (EBITDA)
Definition
Resources generated by current operations, before depreciation and financial expenses.
Formula
Value added - Personnel expenses - Taxes
Interpretation
Positive = profitable activity
27 764 €
EBIT (2019)
?
EBIT (Operating Income)
Definition
Operating income, including depreciation and provisions.
Formula
EBITDA - Depreciation and provisions + Reversals
40 607 €
Net income (2019)
?
Net income
Definition
Profit or loss after all expenses, including taxes and exceptional items.
Formula
Current income + Exceptional income - Income tax
33 608 €
EBITDA margin (2019)
?
EBITDA margin
Definition
Measures the company's operating profitability.
Formula
(EBE / CA) x 100
Interpretation
> 10% : Good profitability 5-10% : Average < 5% : Low
9.7%
Loading income statement...
Income statement
Item
Amount
% Revenue
Change
The detailed income statement is not available for this company (simplified accounts or confidential data).
Chart evolution
Show :
Visualization created via numbers.finance Sources : INPI & BCE - Adjustments : Ministry of Economy
Assets
Loading data...
Item
Gross
Deprec.
Net
%
Change
Assets balance sheet data not available for this company
Liabilities
Loading data...
Item
Year
%
Change
Liabilities balance sheet data not available for this company
Solvency and debt ratios
The debt ratio (= Financial debt / Equity x 100) stands at 72%. Debt level is high: negotiating margin with banks is reduced. Financial autonomy (= Equity / Total assets x 100) reaches 43%. This high autonomy means the company finances most of its assets through equity, a sign of strength. Debt repayment capacity (= Financial debt / Cash flow) indicates it would take 3.6 years of cash flow to repay all financial debt. This ratio remains within usual banking standards. Cash flow represents 7.2% of revenue. Cash flow measures resources generated by operations, available for investment and debt repayment. Satisfactory level allowing partial financing of growth.
Debt ratio (2019)
?
Debt ratio
Definition
Measures the proportion of debt to equity.
Formula
(Financial debt / Equity) x 100
Interpretation
< 50% : Low 50-100% : Moderate > 100% : High
71.757%
Financial autonomy (2019)
?
Financial autonomy
Definition
Share of equity in the company's total financing.
Formula
(Equity / Total assets) x 100
Interpretation
> 30% : Good autonomy 20-30% : Average < 20% : Low
43.241%
Cash flow / Revenue (2019)
?
Cash flow / Revenue
Definition
Self-financing capacity relative to revenue.
Formula
(CAF / CA) x 100
Interpretation
The higher the ratio, the more cash the company generates
7.223%
Repayment capacity (2019)
?
Repayment capacity
Definition
Number of years needed to repay debts with cash flow.
Formula
Financial debt / Cash flow
Interpretation
< 3 years : Excellent 3-5 years : Fair > 5 years : Warning
3.564
Asset age ratio (2019)
?
Asset age ratio
Definition
Measures the degree of wear of tangible assets.
Formula
Accumulated depreciation / Gross fixed assets x 100
Visualization created via numbers.finance Sources : INPI & BCE - Adjustments : Ministry of Economy
Indicator
2016
2017
2018
2019
Debt ratio
893.613
4.125
33.13
71.757
Financial autonomy
7.466
36.509
47.533
43.241
Repayment capacity
33.405
0.052
0.652
3.564
Cash flow / Revenue
2.163%
16.176%
14.953%
7.223%
Sector positioning
Debt ratio
71.762019
2017
2018
2019
Q1: 0.0
Med: 3.84
Q3: 42.29
Average+25 pts over 3 years
In 2019, the debt ratio of ENGLISH FOR FRENCH (71.76) ranks above the median of the sector. This ratio measures the weight of debt relative to equity. A reduction effort could improve financial strength.
Financial autonomy
43.24%2019
2017
2018
2019
Q1: 4.48%
Med: 32.0%
Q3: 60.33%
Good
In 2019, the financial autonomy of ENGLISH FOR FRENCH (43.2%) ranks above the median of the sector. This ratio represents the share of equity in total financing. This comfortable position offers an appreciable safety margin.
Repayment capacity
3.56 years2019
2017
2018
2019
Q1: 0.0 years
Med: 0.0 years
Q3: 0.54 years
Average+22 pts over 3 years
In 2019, the repayment capacity of ENGLISH FOR FRENCH (3.56) ranks above the median of the sector. This ratio indicates the number of years needed to repay debt with cash flow. A reduction effort could improve financial strength.
Liquidity ratios
The liquidity ratio (= Current assets / Current liabilities) stands at 308.13. Concretely, the company has €2 of liquid assets for every €1 of short-term debt: no cash risk within 12 months. The interest coverage ratio (= EBIT / Interest expenses) is 2.9x. Financial charges are adequately covered by operations.
Liquidity ratio (2019)
?
Liquidity ratio
Definition
Ability to meet short-term debts with current assets.
Formula
Current assets / Current liabilities
Interpretation
> 1.5 : Very good 1-1.5 : Fair < 1 : Liquidity risk
308.134
Interest coverage (2019)
?
Interest coverage
Definition
Ability to cover interest charges with operating income.
Formula
EBIT / Interest expenses
Interpretation
> 3 : Comfortable 1.5-3 : Acceptable < 1.5 : Risk
2.925
Liquidity indicators evolution ENGLISH FOR FRENCH
Visualisation créée via abddaf.fr Sources : INPI & BCE - Retraitements : Ministère de l'économie
Indicator
2016
2017
2018
2019
Liquidity ratio
370.555
154.431
264.882
308.134
Interest coverage
25.417
2.118
0.485
2.925
Sector positioning
Liquidity ratio
308.132019
2017
2018
2019
Q1: 130.07
Med: 211.29
Q3: 384.44
Good+29 pts over 3 years
In 2019, the liquidity ratio of ENGLISH FOR FRENCH (308.13) ranks above the median of the sector. This ratio measures the ability to cover short-term debt with current assets. This comfortable position offers an appreciable safety margin.
Interest coverage
2.92x2019
2017
2018
2019
Q1: 0.0x
Med: 0.0x
Q3: 0.59x
Excellent
In 2019, the interest coverage of ENGLISH FOR FRENCH (2.9x) ranks in the top 25% of the sector. This ratio indicates how many times operating income covers interest expenses. High coverage means financial charges weigh little on profitability.
Working capital requirement (WCR) and payment terms
Working capital requirement (WCR) measures the cash timing gap between customer collections and supplier/inventory payments. Average customer payment term: 119 days (formula: Customer receivables / Revenue incl. VAT x 360). Supplier term: 35 days. The gap of 84 days means the company finances its customers for over a month before being paid relative to supplier payments. This weighs on cash flow. Overall, WCR represents 96 days of revenue, i.e. 76 k€ to permanently finance. Over 2016-2019, WCR increased by +34%, requiring additional financing.
Operating WCR (2019)
?
Operating WCR
Definition
Financing requirement generated by the operating cycle (inventory + receivables - trade payables).
Formula
Inventory + Customer receivables - Trade payables
Interpretation
Negative = cash released Positive = financing needed
76 009 €
Customer credit (2019)
?
Customer credit (days)
Definition
Average payment term granted to customers.
Formula
(Customer receivables / Revenue incl. VAT) x 360
Interpretation
< 45j : Good 45-60j : Average > 60j : Long
119 j
Supplier credit (2019)
?
Supplier credit (days)
Definition
Average payment term obtained from suppliers.
Formula
(Trade payables / Purchases incl. VAT) x 360
Interpretation
The longer the term, the better for cash flow
35 j
Inventory turnover (2019)
?
Inventory turnover (days)
Definition
Average storage duration for goods or materials.
Formula
(Inventory / Cost of goods) x 360
Interpretation
The lower the ratio, the faster the turnover
0 j
WCR in days of revenue (2019)
?
WCR in days of revenue
Definition
Expresses working capital requirement in days of revenue.
Formula
(Operating WCR / Revenue) x 360
Interpretation
The fewer days, the better the working capital management
96 j
WCR and payment terms evolution ENGLISH FOR FRENCH
Visualization created via numbers.finance Sources : INPI & BCE - Adjustments : Ministry of Economy
Indicator
2016
2017
2018
2019
Operating WCR
56 571 €
16 992 €
89 253 €
76 009 €
Inventory turnover (days)
0
0
0
0
Customer payment term (days)
249
109
141
119
Supplier payment term (days)
42
47
54
35
Positioning of ENGLISH FOR FRENCH in its sector
Comparison with sector Formation continue d'adultes
Valuation estimate
Based on 134 transactions of similar company sales
(all years),
the value of ENGLISH FOR FRENCH is estimated at
80 494 €
(range 28 499€ - 244 978€).
With an EBITDA of 27 764€, the sector multiple of 2.2x is applied.
The price/revenue ratio is 0.36x
(conservative valuation).
This multiples method compares the actual sale price of similar companies to their financial indicators (Revenue, EBITDA, Net Income). It provides a market-based indicative estimate.
Estimated enterprise value2019
134 transactions
28k€80k€244k€
80 494 €Range: 28 499€ - 244 978€
NAF 5 all-time
Valuation detail by method
Ajustez les pondérations selon votre analyse
EBITDA Multiple50%
27 764 €×2.2x
Estimation60 197 €
21 813€ - 156 564€
Revenue Multiple30%
285 877 €×0.36x
Estimation102 184 €
34 092€ - 199 788€
Net Income Multiple20%
33 608 €×2.9x
Estimation98 705 €
36 825€ - 533 799€
Valuation evolution
Visualisation creee via abddaf.fr Sources : BODACC & INPI
How is this estimate calculated?
This estimate is based on the analysis of 134 actual transactions of similar company sales (same NAF code) registered with BODACC between 2016 and 2025.
EBITDA Multiple: Preferred method for profitable SMEs. EBITDA reflects the ability to generate cash.
Revenue Multiple: Used for growing companies or those with low profitability. Reflects commercial potential.
Net Income Multiple: Relevant for mature companies with stable results.
This estimate is provided for information purposes only. A precise valuation requires in-depth analysis (assets, liabilities, prospects, market...).
Similar companies (Formation continue d'adultes)
Compare ENGLISH FOR FRENCH with other companies in the same sector:
Frequently asked questions about ENGLISH FOR FRENCH
What is the revenue of ENGLISH FOR FRENCH ?
The revenue of ENGLISH FOR FRENCH in 2019 is 286 k€.
Is ENGLISH FOR FRENCH profitable?
Yes, ENGLISH FOR FRENCH generated a net profit of 34 k€ in 2019.
Where is the headquarters of ENGLISH FOR FRENCH ?
The headquarters of ENGLISH FOR FRENCH is located in SAINT-REMY-DE-PROVENCE (13210), in the department Bouches-du-Rhone.
Where to find the tax return of ENGLISH FOR FRENCH ?
The tax return of ENGLISH FOR FRENCH is available on this page. Click on a year in the 'Data by year' section to view the account details (assets, liabilities, income statement). Data comes from INPI (National Institute of Industrial Property).
In which sector does ENGLISH FOR FRENCH operate?
ENGLISH FOR FRENCH operates in the sector Formation continue d'adultes (NAF code 85.59A). See the 'Sector positioning' section above to compare the company with its competitors.
Item evolution
Rotate your phone to landscape mode to view the chart