ENGLISH AB : revenue, balance sheet and financial ratios
ENGLISH AB is a French company
founded 12 years ago,
specialized in the sector Formation continue d'adultes.
Based in MONTPELLIER (34000),
this company of category PME
shows in 2025 a revenue of 811 k€.
Find below the complete financial statements, solvency ratios, working capital requirements and sector comparison.
In 2025, ENGLISH AB achieves revenue of 811 k€. Revenue is growing positively over 9 years (CAGR: +1.5%). Significant drop of -19% vs 2024. After deducting consumption (41 k€), gross margin stands at 770 k€, i.e. a rate of 95%. This ratio measures the ability to generate value from commercial activity. EBITDA (= Gross margin - Personnel expenses - Taxes) reaches 138 k€, representing 17.0% of revenue. This high EBITDA margin provides strong self-financing capacity and resilience to uncertainties. Ultimately, net income (= EBIT +/- financial result +/- exceptional - corporate tax) amounts to 107 k€, i.e. 13.2% of revenue. This profit can be retained or distributed to shareholders.
Revenue (2025)
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Revenue
Definition
Total amount of sales of goods and services made by the company.
Formula
Sales of goods + Sold production
810 740 €
Gross margin (2025)
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Gross margin
Definition
Difference between revenue and cost of goods sold.
Formula
Revenue - Cost of goods consumed
769 913 €
EBITDA (2025)
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Gross Operating Surplus (EBITDA)
Definition
Resources generated by current operations, before depreciation and financial expenses.
Formula
Value added - Personnel expenses - Taxes
Interpretation
Positive = profitable activity
137 713 €
EBIT (2025)
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EBIT (Operating Income)
Definition
Operating income, including depreciation and provisions.
Formula
EBITDA - Depreciation and provisions + Reversals
63 411 €
Net income (2025)
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Net income
Definition
Profit or loss after all expenses, including taxes and exceptional items.
Formula
Current income + Exceptional income - Income tax
107 254 €
EBITDA margin (2025)
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EBITDA margin
Definition
Measures the company's operating profitability.
Formula
(EBE / CA) x 100
Interpretation
> 10% : Good profitability 5-10% : Average < 5% : Low
17.0%
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Income statement
Item
Amount
% Revenue
Change
The detailed income statement is not available for this company (simplified accounts or confidential data).
Chart evolution
Show :
Visualization created via numbers.finance Sources : INPI & BCE - Adjustments : Ministry of Economy
Assets
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Item
Gross
Deprec.
Net
%
Change
Assets balance sheet data not available for this company
Liabilities
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Year
%
Change
Liabilities balance sheet data not available for this company
Solvency and debt ratios
The debt ratio (= Financial debt / Equity x 100) stands at 644%. Critical situation: debt significantly exceeds equity, severely limiting borrowing capacity and exposing the company to default risk. Financial autonomy (= Equity / Total assets x 100) reaches 3%. Low autonomy: the company heavily depends on external financing (banks, suppliers). Debt repayment capacity (= Financial debt / Cash flow) indicates it would take 1.5 years of cash flow to repay all financial debt. This short period demonstrates excellent debt sustainability. Cash flow represents 13.8% of revenue. Cash flow measures resources generated by operations, available for investment and debt repayment. This high level provides strong self-financing capacity.
Debt ratio (2025)
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Debt ratio
Definition
Measures the proportion of debt to equity.
Formula
(Financial debt / Equity) x 100
Interpretation
< 50% : Low 50-100% : Moderate > 100% : High
643.769%
Financial autonomy (2025)
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Financial autonomy
Definition
Share of equity in the company's total financing.
Formula
(Equity / Total assets) x 100
Interpretation
> 30% : Good autonomy 20-30% : Average < 20% : Low
2.863%
Cash flow / Revenue (2025)
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Cash flow / Revenue
Definition
Self-financing capacity relative to revenue.
Formula
(CAF / CA) x 100
Interpretation
The higher the ratio, the more cash the company generates
13.799%
Repayment capacity (2025)
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Repayment capacity
Definition
Number of years needed to repay debts with cash flow.
Formula
Financial debt / Cash flow
Interpretation
< 3 years : Excellent 3-5 years : Fair > 5 years : Warning
1.513
Asset age ratio (2025)
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Asset age ratio
Definition
Measures the degree of wear of tangible assets.
Formula
Accumulated depreciation / Gross fixed assets x 100
Visualization created via numbers.finance Sources : INPI & BCE - Adjustments : Ministry of Economy
Indicator
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
Debt ratio
951.456
183.309
47.27
269.912
549.041
-421.527
-329.411
-329.411
643.769
Financial autonomy
4.573
14.7
21.439
16.491
8.272
-11.387
-11.552
-11.552
2.863
Repayment capacity
1.952
0.964
0.555
18.917
-6.083
-37.057
8.595
2.586
1.513
Cash flow / Revenue
19.289%
15.917%
11.712%
2.891%
-9.282%
-1.105%
4.049%
13.145%
13.799%
Sector positioning
Debt ratio
643.772025
2023
2024
2025
Q1: 0.0
Med: 4.1
Q3: 39.26
Watch+52 pts over 3 years
In 2025, the debt ratio of ENGLISH AB (643.77) ranks in the top 25% of the sector. This ratio measures the weight of debt relative to equity. A high ratio may indicate excessive dependence on external financing.
Financial autonomy
2.86%2025
2023
2024
2025
Q1: 1.95%
Med: 30.49%
Q3: 62.39%
Average
In 2025, the financial autonomy of ENGLISH AB (2.9%) ranks below the median of the sector. This ratio represents the share of equity in total financing. An improvement would strengthen the competitive position.
Repayment capacity
1.51 years2025
2023
2024
2025
Q1: 0.0 years
Med: 0.0 years
Q3: 0.68 years
Watch
In 2025, the repayment capacity of ENGLISH AB (1.51) ranks in the top 25% of the sector. This ratio indicates the number of years needed to repay debt with cash flow. A long duration may signal heavy debt relative to repayment capacity.
Liquidity ratios
The liquidity ratio (= Current assets / Current liabilities) stands at 108.39. Concretely, the company has €2 of liquid assets for every €1 of short-term debt: no cash risk within 12 months. The interest coverage ratio (= EBIT / Interest expenses) is 2.4x. Financial charges are adequately covered by operations.
Liquidity ratio (2025)
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Liquidity ratio
Definition
Ability to meet short-term debts with current assets.
Formula
Current assets / Current liabilities
Interpretation
> 1.5 : Very good 1-1.5 : Fair < 1 : Liquidity risk
108.39
Interest coverage (2025)
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Interest coverage
Definition
Ability to cover interest charges with operating income.
Formula
EBIT / Interest expenses
Interpretation
> 3 : Comfortable 1.5-3 : Acceptable < 1.5 : Risk
2.367
Liquidity indicators evolution ENGLISH AB
Visualisation créée via abddaf.fr Sources : INPI & BCE - Retraitements : Ministère de l'économie
Indicator
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
Liquidity ratio
155.513
133.023
130.035
230.028
206.111
149.278
124.612
95.244
108.39
Interest coverage
5.693
4.545
2.674
4.222
-54.566
175.701
8.673
48.872
2.367
Sector positioning
Liquidity ratio
108.392025
2023
2024
2025
Q1: 138.82
Med: 248.55
Q3: 557.49
Watch
In 2025, the liquidity ratio of ENGLISH AB (108.39) ranks in the bottom 25% of the sector. This ratio measures the ability to cover short-term debt with current assets. A ratio below 1 may signal potential cash flow tensions.
Interest coverage
2.37x2025
2023
2024
2025
Q1: 0.0x
Med: 0.0x
Q3: 0.8x
Excellent
In 2025, the interest coverage of ENGLISH AB (2.4x) ranks in the top 25% of the sector. This ratio indicates how many times operating income covers interest expenses. High coverage means financial charges weigh little on profitability.
Working capital requirement (WCR) and payment terms
Working capital requirement (WCR) measures the cash timing gap between customer collections and supplier/inventory payments. Average customer payment term: 93 days (formula: Customer receivables / Revenue incl. VAT x 360). Supplier term: 322 days. Excellent situation: suppliers finance 229 days of the operating cycle (retail model). Inventory turnover is 4 days (= Average inventory / Cost of goods x 360). Fast turnover, sign of good inventory management. Overall, WCR represents 196 days of revenue, i.e. 441 k€ to permanently finance. Over 2017-2025, WCR increased by +257%, requiring additional financing.
Operating WCR (2025)
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Operating WCR
Definition
Financing requirement generated by the operating cycle (inventory + receivables - trade payables).
Formula
Inventory + Customer receivables - Trade payables
Interpretation
Negative = cash released Positive = financing needed
441 294 €
Customer credit (2025)
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Customer credit (days)
Definition
Average payment term granted to customers.
Formula
(Customer receivables / Revenue incl. VAT) x 360
Interpretation
< 45j : Good 45-60j : Average > 60j : Long
93 j
Supplier credit (2025)
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Supplier credit (days)
Definition
Average payment term obtained from suppliers.
Formula
(Trade payables / Purchases incl. VAT) x 360
Interpretation
The longer the term, the better for cash flow
322 j
Inventory turnover (2025)
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Inventory turnover (days)
Definition
Average storage duration for goods or materials.
Formula
(Inventory / Cost of goods) x 360
Interpretation
The lower the ratio, the faster the turnover
4 j
WCR in days of revenue (2025)
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WCR in days of revenue
Definition
Expresses working capital requirement in days of revenue.
Formula
(Operating WCR / Revenue) x 360
Interpretation
The fewer days, the better the working capital management
196 j
WCR and payment terms evolution ENGLISH AB
Visualization created via numbers.finance Sources : INPI & BCE - Adjustments : Ministry of Economy
Indicator
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
Operating WCR
123 603 €
157 468 €
365 264 €
301 703 €
492 369 €
385 384 €
455 472 €
259 232 €
441 294 €
Inventory turnover (days)
27
12
7
14
29
20
16
15
4
Customer payment term (days)
119
104
90
101
95
65
70
63
93
Supplier payment term (days)
71
94
138
115
133
151
230
218
322
Positioning of ENGLISH AB in its sector
Comparison with sector Formation continue d'adultes
Valuation estimate
Based on 134 transactions of similar company sales
(all years),
the value of ENGLISH AB is estimated at
299 229 €
(range 106 608€ - 898 972€).
With an EBITDA of 137 713€, the sector multiple of 2.2x is applied.
The price/revenue ratio is 0.36x
(conservative valuation).
This multiples method compares the actual sale price of similar companies to their financial indicators (Revenue, EBITDA, Net Income). It provides a market-based indicative estimate.
Estimated enterprise value2025
134 transactions
106k€299k€898k€
299 229 €Range: 106 608€ - 898 972€
NAF 5 all-time
Valuation detail by method
Ajustez les pondérations selon votre analyse
EBITDA Multiple50%
137 713 €×2.2x
Estimation298 585 €
108 197€ - 776 577€
Revenue Multiple30%
810 740 €×0.36x
Estimation289 790 €
96 685€ - 566 594€
Net Income Multiple20%
107 254 €×2.9x
Estimation315 000 €
117 520€ - 1 703 526€
Valuation evolution
Visualisation creee via abddaf.fr Sources : BODACC & INPI
How is this estimate calculated?
This estimate is based on the analysis of 134 actual transactions of similar company sales (same NAF code) registered with BODACC between 2016 and 2025.
EBITDA Multiple: Preferred method for profitable SMEs. EBITDA reflects the ability to generate cash.
Revenue Multiple: Used for growing companies or those with low profitability. Reflects commercial potential.
Net Income Multiple: Relevant for mature companies with stable results.
This estimate is provided for information purposes only. A precise valuation requires in-depth analysis (assets, liabilities, prospects, market...).
Similar companies (Formation continue d'adultes)
Compare ENGLISH AB with other companies in the same sector:
Yes, ENGLISH AB generated a net profit of 107 k€ in 2025.
Where is the headquarters of ENGLISH AB ?
The headquarters of ENGLISH AB is located in MONTPELLIER (34000), in the department Herault.
Where to find the tax return of ENGLISH AB ?
The tax return of ENGLISH AB is available on this page. Click on a year in the 'Data by year' section to view the account details (assets, liabilities, income statement). Data comes from INPI (National Institute of Industrial Property).
In which sector does ENGLISH AB operate?
ENGLISH AB operates in the sector Formation continue d'adultes (NAF code 85.59A). See the 'Sector positioning' section above to compare the company with its competitors.
Item evolution
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