D.E.I. : revenue, balance sheet and financial ratios
D.E.I. is a French company
founded 16 years ago,
specialized in the sector Services administratifs combinés de bureau.
Based in ANNECY (74000),
this company of category ETI
shows in 2025 a revenue of 1.0 M€.
Find below the complete financial statements, solvency ratios, working capital requirements and sector comparison.
In 2025, D.E.I. achieves revenue of 1.0 M€. Revenue is growing positively over 8 years (CAGR: +2.2%). Significant drop of -60% vs 2024. After deducting consumption (228 k€), gross margin stands at 793 k€, i.e. a rate of 78%. This ratio measures the ability to generate value from commercial activity. EBITDA (= Gross margin - Personnel expenses - Taxes) reaches 30 k€, representing 2.9% of revenue. Warning negative scissor effect: despite revenue change (-60%), EBITDA varies by -94%, reducing margin by 16.1 pts. This reflects costs rising faster than revenue. The operating margin remains fragile, requiring cost vigilance. Ultimately, net income (= EBIT +/- financial result +/- exceptional - corporate tax) amounts to 1.1 M€, i.e. 109.3% of revenue. This profit can be retained or distributed to shareholders.
Revenue (2025)
?
Revenue
Definition
Total amount of sales of goods and services made by the company.
Formula
Sales of goods + Sold production
1 021 150 €
Gross margin (2025)
?
Gross margin
Definition
Difference between revenue and cost of goods sold.
Formula
Revenue - Cost of goods consumed
792 950 €
EBITDA (2025)
?
Gross Operating Surplus (EBITDA)
Definition
Resources generated by current operations, before depreciation and financial expenses.
Formula
Value added - Personnel expenses - Taxes
Interpretation
Positive = profitable activity
29 969 €
EBIT (2025)
?
EBIT (Operating Income)
Definition
Operating income, including depreciation and provisions.
Formula
EBITDA - Depreciation and provisions + Reversals
-104 356 €
Net income (2025)
?
Net income
Definition
Profit or loss after all expenses, including taxes and exceptional items.
Formula
Current income + Exceptional income - Income tax
1 116 402 €
EBITDA margin (2025)
?
EBITDA margin
Definition
Measures the company's operating profitability.
Formula
(EBE / CA) x 100
Interpretation
> 10% : Good profitability 5-10% : Average < 5% : Low
2.9%
Loading income statement...
Income statement
Item
Amount
% Revenue
Change
The detailed income statement is not available for this company (simplified accounts or confidential data).
Chart evolution
Show :
Visualization created via numbers.finance Sources : INPI & BCE - Adjustments : Ministry of Economy
Assets
Loading data...
Item
Gross
Deprec.
Net
%
Change
Assets balance sheet data not available for this company
Liabilities
Loading data...
Item
Year
%
Change
Liabilities balance sheet data not available for this company
Solvency and debt ratios
The debt ratio (= Financial debt / Equity x 100) stands at 65%. Debt remains under control: the company retains capacity to raise new debt if needed. Financial autonomy (= Equity / Total assets x 100) reaches 59%. This high autonomy means the company finances most of its assets through equity, a sign of strength.
Debt ratio (2025)
?
Debt ratio
Definition
Measures the proportion of debt to equity.
Formula
(Financial debt / Equity) x 100
Interpretation
< 50% : Low 50-100% : Moderate > 100% : High
65.005%
Financial autonomy (2025)
?
Financial autonomy
Definition
Share of equity in the company's total financing.
Formula
(Equity / Total assets) x 100
Interpretation
> 30% : Good autonomy 20-30% : Average < 20% : Low
58.691%
Cash flow / Revenue (2025)
?
Cash flow / Revenue
Definition
Self-financing capacity relative to revenue.
Formula
(CAF / CA) x 100
Interpretation
The higher the ratio, the more cash the company generates
-22.517%
Repayment capacity (2025)
?
Repayment capacity
Definition
Number of years needed to repay debts with cash flow.
Formula
Financial debt / Cash flow
Interpretation
< 3 years : Excellent 3-5 years : Fair > 5 years : Warning
-28.039
Asset age ratio (2025)
?
Asset age ratio
Definition
Measures the degree of wear of tangible assets.
Formula
Accumulated depreciation / Gross fixed assets x 100
Visualization created via numbers.finance Sources : INPI & BCE - Adjustments : Ministry of Economy
Indicator
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2024
2025
Debt ratio
12.606
25.028
62.306
6.534
50.718
0.09
76.297
65.005
Financial autonomy
84.928
72.71
55.964
91.707
64.082
87.15
54.891
58.691
Repayment capacity
3.329
3.311
-22.973
0.211
0.847
0.002
-5.923
-28.039
Cash flow / Revenue
17.138%
25.498%
-8.144%
120.625%
76.856%
123.702%
-44.859%
-22.517%
Sector positioning
Debt ratio
65.02025
2021
2024
2025
Q1: 0.14
Med: 16.34
Q3: 92.69
Average+41 pts over 3 years
In 2025, the debt ratio of D.E.I. (65.00) ranks above the median of the sector. This ratio measures the weight of debt relative to equity. A reduction effort could improve financial strength.
Financial autonomy
58.69%2025
2021
2024
2025
Q1: 13.69%
Med: 51.99%
Q3: 85.32%
Good-20 pts over 3 years
In 2025, the financial autonomy of D.E.I. (58.7%) ranks above the median of the sector. This ratio represents the share of equity in total financing. This comfortable position offers an appreciable safety margin.
Repayment capacity
-28.04 years2025
2021
2024
2025
Q1: 0.0 years
Med: 0.34 years
Q3: 3.6 years
Excellent
In 2025, the repayment capacity of D.E.I. (-28.04) ranks in the bottom 25% of the sector, which is positive. This ratio indicates the number of years needed to repay debt with cash flow. A short capacity reflects controlled debt and good cash generation.
Liquidity ratios
The liquidity ratio (= Current assets / Current liabilities) stands at 2873.44. Concretely, the company has €2 of liquid assets for every €1 of short-term debt: no cash risk within 12 months. The interest coverage ratio (= EBIT / Interest expenses) is 1027.4x. Operating income very largely covers interest expenses: high safety margin.
Liquidity ratio (2025)
?
Liquidity ratio
Definition
Ability to meet short-term debts with current assets.
Formula
Current assets / Current liabilities
Interpretation
> 1.5 : Very good 1-1.5 : Fair < 1 : Liquidity risk
2873.444
Interest coverage (2025)
?
Interest coverage
Definition
Ability to cover interest charges with operating income.
Formula
EBIT / Interest expenses
Interpretation
> 3 : Comfortable 1.5-3 : Acceptable < 1.5 : Risk
1027.442
Liquidity indicators evolution D.E.I.
Visualisation créée via abddaf.fr Sources : INPI & BCE - Retraitements : Ministère de l'économie
Indicator
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2024
2025
Liquidity ratio
166.555
261.617
173.916
317.036
822.311
0.0
2645.113
2873.444
Interest coverage
1.638
10.99
76.525
2.228
178.97
0.041
143.625
1027.442
Sector positioning
Liquidity ratio
2873.442025
2021
2024
2025
Q1: 140.28
Med: 507.86
Q3: 2210.32
Excellent+51 pts over 3 years
In 2025, the liquidity ratio of D.E.I. (2873.44) ranks in the top 25% of the sector. This ratio measures the ability to cover short-term debt with current assets. A ratio above 1 ensures comfortable coverage of short-term maturities.
Interest coverage
1027.44x2025
2021
2024
2025
Q1: -39.6x
Med: 0.0x
Q3: 1.37x
Excellent+19 pts over 3 years
In 2025, the interest coverage of D.E.I. (1027.4x) ranks in the top 25% of the sector. This ratio indicates how many times operating income covers interest expenses. High coverage means financial charges weigh little on profitability.
Working capital requirement (WCR) and payment terms
Working capital requirement (WCR) measures the cash timing gap between customer collections and supplier/inventory payments. Average customer payment term: 72 days (formula: Customer receivables / Revenue incl. VAT x 360). Supplier term: 34 days. The gap of 38 days means the company finances its customers for over a month before being paid relative to supplier payments. This weighs on cash flow. Inventory turnover is 2164 days (= Average inventory / Cost of goods x 360). This high level ties up cash and potentially creates obsolescence risk. Overall, WCR represents 3675 days of revenue, i.e. 10.4 M€ to permanently finance. Over 2016-2025, WCR increased by +6334%, requiring additional financing.
Operating WCR (2025)
?
Operating WCR
Definition
Financing requirement generated by the operating cycle (inventory + receivables - trade payables).
Formula
Inventory + Customer receivables - Trade payables
Interpretation
Negative = cash released Positive = financing needed
10 423 440 €
Customer credit (2025)
?
Customer credit (days)
Definition
Average payment term granted to customers.
Formula
(Customer receivables / Revenue incl. VAT) x 360
Interpretation
< 45j : Good 45-60j : Average > 60j : Long
72 j
Supplier credit (2025)
?
Supplier credit (days)
Definition
Average payment term obtained from suppliers.
Formula
(Trade payables / Purchases incl. VAT) x 360
Interpretation
The longer the term, the better for cash flow
34 j
Inventory turnover (2025)
?
Inventory turnover (days)
Definition
Average storage duration for goods or materials.
Formula
(Inventory / Cost of goods) x 360
Interpretation
The lower the ratio, the faster the turnover
2164 j
WCR in days of revenue (2025)
?
WCR in days of revenue
Definition
Expresses working capital requirement in days of revenue.
Formula
(Operating WCR / Revenue) x 360
Interpretation
The fewer days, the better the working capital management
3675 j
WCR and payment terms evolution D.E.I.
Visualization created via numbers.finance Sources : INPI & BCE - Adjustments : Ministry of Economy
Indicator
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2024
2025
Operating WCR
162 010 €
569 469 €
417 434 €
266 486 €
445 288 €
-637 296 €
9 813 907 €
10 423 440 €
Inventory turnover (days)
3
2
6
5
0
0
842
2164
Customer payment term (days)
59
49
107
25
41
0
95
72
Supplier payment term (days)
94
131
21
28
48
16
9
34
Positioning of D.E.I. in its sector
Comparison with sector Services administratifs combinés de bureau
Valuation estimate
Based on 173 transactions of similar company sales
(all years),
the value of D.E.I. is estimated at
956 146 €
(range 339 394€ - 2 493 931€).
With an EBITDA of 29 969€, the sector multiple of 3.4x is applied.
The price/revenue ratio is 0.38x
(conservative valuation).
This multiples method compares the actual sale price of similar companies to their financial indicators (Revenue, EBITDA, Net Income). It provides a market-based indicative estimate.
Estimated enterprise value2025
173 transactions
339k€956k€2493k€
956 146 €Range: 339 394€ - 2 493 931€
NAF 5 all-time
Valuation detail by method
Ajustez les pondérations selon votre analyse
EBITDA Multiple50%
29 969 €×3.4x
Estimation102 993 €
28 216€ - 199 380€
Revenue Multiple30%
1 021 150 €×0.38x
Estimation392 528 €
164 362€ - 886 636€
Net Income Multiple20%
1 116 402 €×3.5x
Estimation3 934 456 €
1 379 893€ - 10 641 256€
Valuation evolution
Visualisation creee via abddaf.fr Sources : BODACC & INPI
How is this estimate calculated?
This estimate is based on the analysis of 173 actual transactions of similar company sales (same NAF code) registered with BODACC between 2016 and 2025.
EBITDA Multiple: Preferred method for profitable SMEs. EBITDA reflects the ability to generate cash.
Revenue Multiple: Used for growing companies or those with low profitability. Reflects commercial potential.
Net Income Multiple: Relevant for mature companies with stable results.
This estimate is provided for information purposes only. A precise valuation requires in-depth analysis (assets, liabilities, prospects, market...).
Similar companies (Services administratifs combinés de bureau)
Compare D.E.I. with other companies in the same sector:
Yes, D.E.I. generated a net profit of 1.1 M€ in 2025.
Where is the headquarters of D.E.I. ?
The headquarters of D.E.I. is located in ANNECY (74000), in the department Haute-Savoie.
Where to find the tax return of D.E.I. ?
The tax return of D.E.I. is available on this page. Click on a year in the 'Data by year' section to view the account details (assets, liabilities, income statement). Data comes from INPI (National Institute of Industrial Property).
In which sector does D.E.I. operate?
D.E.I. operates in the sector Services administratifs combinés de bureau (NAF code 82.11Z). See the 'Sector positioning' section above to compare the company with its competitors.
Item evolution
Rotate your phone to landscape mode to view the chart