Employees: 22 (2023.0)Legal category: SA (autres)Size: PMECreation date: 1900-01-01 (126 years)Status: ActiveBusiness sector: Formation continue d'adultesLocation: LILLE (59000), Nord
CREFO : revenue, balance sheet and financial ratios
CREFO is a French company
founded 126 years ago,
specialized in the sector Formation continue d'adultes.
Based in LILLE (59000),
this company of category PME
shows in 2022 a revenue of 8.7 M€.
Find below the complete financial statements, solvency ratios, working capital requirements and sector comparison.
In 2022, CREFO achieves revenue of 8.7 M€. Revenue is growing positively over 7 years (CAGR: +2.4%). Vs 2021: +9%. After deducting consumption (26 k€), gross margin stands at 8.7 M€, i.e. a rate of 100%. This ratio measures the ability to generate value from commercial activity. EBITDA (= Gross margin - Personnel expenses - Taxes) reaches 47 k€, representing 0.5% of revenue. Warning negative scissor effect: despite revenue change (+9%), EBITDA varies by -89%, reducing margin by 4.9 pts. This reflects costs rising faster than revenue. The operating margin remains fragile, requiring cost vigilance. Ultimately, net income (= EBIT +/- financial result +/- exceptional - corporate tax) amounts to 133 k€, i.e. 1.5% of revenue. This profit can be retained or distributed to shareholders.
Revenue (2022)
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Revenue
Definition
Total amount of sales of goods and services made by the company.
Formula
Sales of goods + Sold production
8 747 025 €
Gross margin (2022)
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Gross margin
Definition
Difference between revenue and cost of goods sold.
Formula
Revenue - Cost of goods consumed
8 720 535 €
EBITDA (2022)
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Gross Operating Surplus (EBITDA)
Definition
Resources generated by current operations, before depreciation and financial expenses.
Formula
Value added - Personnel expenses - Taxes
Interpretation
Positive = profitable activity
47 220 €
EBIT (2022)
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EBIT (Operating Income)
Definition
Operating income, including depreciation and provisions.
Formula
EBITDA - Depreciation and provisions + Reversals
2 975 €
Net income (2022)
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Net income
Definition
Profit or loss after all expenses, including taxes and exceptional items.
Formula
Current income + Exceptional income - Income tax
132 814 €
EBITDA margin (2022)
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EBITDA margin
Definition
Measures the company's operating profitability.
Formula
(EBE / CA) x 100
Interpretation
> 10% : Good profitability 5-10% : Average < 5% : Low
0.5%
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Income statement
Item
Amount
% Revenue
Change
The detailed income statement is not available for this company (simplified accounts or confidential data).
Chart evolution
Show :
Visualization created via numbers.finance Sources : INPI & BCE - Adjustments : Ministry of Economy
Assets
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Item
Gross
Deprec.
Net
%
Change
Assets balance sheet data not available for this company
Liabilities
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Year
%
Change
Liabilities balance sheet data not available for this company
Solvency and debt ratios
The debt ratio (= Financial debt / Equity x 100) stands at 8%. This very low level reflects a solid financial structure, offering significant room for future investments or acquisitions. Financial autonomy (= Equity / Total assets x 100) reaches 56%. This high autonomy means the company finances most of its assets through equity, a sign of strength. Debt repayment capacity (= Financial debt / Cash flow) indicates it would take 1.6 years of cash flow to repay all financial debt. This short period demonstrates excellent debt sustainability. Cash flow represents 2.9% of revenue. Cash flow measures resources generated by operations, available for investment and debt repayment.
Debt ratio (2022)
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Debt ratio
Definition
Measures the proportion of debt to equity.
Formula
(Financial debt / Equity) x 100
Interpretation
< 50% : Low 50-100% : Moderate > 100% : High
8.272%
Financial autonomy (2022)
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Financial autonomy
Definition
Share of equity in the company's total financing.
Formula
(Equity / Total assets) x 100
Interpretation
> 30% : Good autonomy 20-30% : Average < 20% : Low
55.628%
Cash flow / Revenue (2022)
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Cash flow / Revenue
Definition
Self-financing capacity relative to revenue.
Formula
(CAF / CA) x 100
Interpretation
The higher the ratio, the more cash the company generates
2.909%
Repayment capacity (2022)
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Repayment capacity
Definition
Number of years needed to repay debts with cash flow.
Formula
Financial debt / Cash flow
Interpretation
< 3 years : Excellent 3-5 years : Fair > 5 years : Warning
1.584
Asset age ratio (2022)
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Asset age ratio
Definition
Measures the degree of wear of tangible assets.
Formula
Accumulated depreciation / Gross fixed assets x 100
Visualization created via numbers.finance Sources : INPI & BCE - Adjustments : Ministry of Economy
Indicator
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
Debt ratio
7.482
5.877
16.945
15.303
32.924
11.017
8.272
Financial autonomy
66.424
63.313
59.485
64.908
51.225
57.929
55.628
Repayment capacity
0.368
0.239
-1.111
1.819
17.24
1.144
1.584
Cash flow / Revenue
11.761%
13.761%
-8.557%
5.081%
1.353%
5.667%
2.909%
Sector positioning
Debt ratio
8.272022
2020
2021
2022
Q1: 0.0
Med: 5.95
Q3: 57.01
Average-9 pts over 3 years
In 2022, the debt ratio of CREFO (8.27) ranks above the median of the sector. This ratio measures the weight of debt relative to equity. A reduction effort could improve financial strength.
Financial autonomy
55.63%2022
2020
2021
2022
Q1: 3.43%
Med: 31.6%
Q3: 58.67%
Good
In 2022, the financial autonomy of CREFO (55.6%) ranks above the median of the sector. This ratio represents the share of equity in total financing. This comfortable position offers an appreciable safety margin.
Repayment capacity
1.58 years2022
2020
2021
2022
Q1: 0.0 years
Med: 0.0 years
Q3: 0.73 years
Average
In 2022, the repayment capacity of CREFO (1.58) ranks above the median of the sector. This ratio indicates the number of years needed to repay debt with cash flow. A reduction effort could improve financial strength.
Liquidity ratios
The liquidity ratio (= Current assets / Current liabilities) stands at 217.27. Concretely, the company has €2 of liquid assets for every €1 of short-term debt: no cash risk within 12 months. The interest coverage ratio (= EBIT / Interest expenses) is 185.6x. Operating income very largely covers interest expenses: high safety margin.
Liquidity ratio (2022)
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Liquidity ratio
Definition
Ability to meet short-term debts with current assets.
Formula
Current assets / Current liabilities
Interpretation
> 1.5 : Very good 1-1.5 : Fair < 1 : Liquidity risk
217.273
Interest coverage (2022)
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Interest coverage
Definition
Ability to cover interest charges with operating income.
Formula
EBIT / Interest expenses
Interpretation
> 3 : Comfortable 1.5-3 : Acceptable < 1.5 : Risk
185.631
Liquidity indicators evolution CREFO
Visualisation créée via abddaf.fr Sources : INPI & BCE - Retraitements : Ministère de l'économie
Indicator
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
Liquidity ratio
323.874
289.775
218.835
336.263
329.465
253.9
217.273
Interest coverage
1.042
0.995
-9.661
27.364
61.978
3.276
185.631
Sector positioning
Liquidity ratio
217.272022
2020
2021
2022
Q1: 130.06
Med: 219.1
Q3: 397.35
Average-14 pts over 3 years
In 2022, the liquidity ratio of CREFO (217.27) ranks below the median of the sector. This ratio measures the ability to cover short-term debt with current assets. An improvement would strengthen the competitive position.
Interest coverage
185.63x2022
2020
2021
2022
Q1: 0.0x
Med: 0.0x
Q3: 0.63x
Excellent+6 pts over 3 years
In 2022, the interest coverage of CREFO (185.6x) ranks in the top 25% of the sector. This ratio indicates how many times operating income covers interest expenses. High coverage means financial charges weigh little on profitability.
Working capital requirement (WCR) and payment terms
Working capital requirement (WCR) measures the cash timing gap between customer collections and supplier/inventory payments. Average customer payment term: 147 days (formula: Customer receivables / Revenue incl. VAT x 360). Supplier term: 53 days. The gap of 94 days means the company finances its customers for over a month before being paid relative to supplier payments. This weighs on cash flow. Overall, WCR represents 82 days of revenue, i.e. 2.0 M€ to permanently finance.
Operating WCR (2022)
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Operating WCR
Definition
Financing requirement generated by the operating cycle (inventory + receivables - trade payables).
Formula
Inventory + Customer receivables - Trade payables
Interpretation
Negative = cash released Positive = financing needed
1 995 284 €
Customer credit (2022)
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Customer credit (days)
Definition
Average payment term granted to customers.
Formula
(Customer receivables / Revenue incl. VAT) x 360
Interpretation
< 45j : Good 45-60j : Average > 60j : Long
147 j
Supplier credit (2022)
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Supplier credit (days)
Definition
Average payment term obtained from suppliers.
Formula
(Trade payables / Purchases incl. VAT) x 360
Interpretation
The longer the term, the better for cash flow
53 j
Inventory turnover (2022)
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Inventory turnover (days)
Definition
Average storage duration for goods or materials.
Formula
(Inventory / Cost of goods) x 360
Interpretation
The lower the ratio, the faster the turnover
0 j
WCR in days of revenue (2022)
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WCR in days of revenue
Definition
Expresses working capital requirement in days of revenue.
Formula
(Operating WCR / Revenue) x 360
Interpretation
The fewer days, the better the working capital management
82 j
WCR and payment terms evolution CREFO
Visualization created via numbers.finance Sources : INPI & BCE - Adjustments : Ministry of Economy
Indicator
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
Operating WCR
1 747 534 €
2 954 920 €
3 055 362 €
3 557 869 €
2 444 021 €
2 473 148 €
1 995 284 €
Inventory turnover (days)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Customer payment term (days)
128
179
162
146
174
143
147
Supplier payment term (days)
77
61
61
70
106
97
53
Positioning of CREFO in its sector
Comparison with sector Formation continue d'adultes
Valuation estimate
Indicative estimate only : the number of comparable transactions in this sector is limited (20 transactions).
This range of 664 801€ to 2 584 327€ is provided for information purposes only and requires in-depth analysis to be confirmed.
Estimated enterprise value2022
Indicative
664k€1766k€2584k€
1 766 528 €Range: 664 801€ - 2 584 327€
NAF 5 année 2022
Valuation evolution
Visualisation creee via abddaf.fr Sources : BODACC & INPI
How is this estimate calculated?
This estimate is based on the analysis of 20 actual transactions of similar company sales (same NAF code) registered with BODACC between 2016 and 2025.
EBITDA Multiple: Preferred method for profitable SMEs. EBITDA reflects the ability to generate cash.
Revenue Multiple: Used for growing companies or those with low profitability. Reflects commercial potential.
Net Income Multiple: Relevant for mature companies with stable results.
This estimate is provided for information purposes only. A precise valuation requires in-depth analysis (assets, liabilities, prospects, market...).
Similar companies (Formation continue d'adultes)
Compare CREFO with other companies in the same sector:
Yes, CREFO generated a net profit of 133 k€ in 2022.
Where is the headquarters of CREFO ?
The headquarters of CREFO is located in LILLE (59000), in the department Nord.
Where to find the tax return of CREFO ?
The tax return of CREFO is available on this page. Click on a year in the 'Data by year' section to view the account details (assets, liabilities, income statement). Data comes from INPI (National Institute of Industrial Property).
In which sector does CREFO operate?
CREFO operates in the sector Formation continue d'adultes (NAF code 85.59A). See the 'Sector positioning' section above to compare the company with its competitors.
Item evolution
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