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COURAGE : revenue, balance sheet and financial ratios

COURAGE is a French company founded 18 years ago, specialized in the sector Organisation de foires, salons professionnels et congrès. Based in LE MANS (72000), this company of category PME shows in 2016 a revenue of 88 k€. Find below the complete financial statements, solvency ratios, working capital requirements and sector comparison.

Data updated on 2026-05-02

Sources : INPI & INSEE SIRENE - Processing : Ministry of Economy

Financial history - COURAGE (SIREN 500989595)
Indicator 2016
Revenue 88 149 €
Net income -1 103 €
EBITDA 59 842 €
Net margin -1.3%

Revenue and income statement

In 2016, COURAGE achieves revenue of 88 k€. After deducting consumption (8 k€), gross margin stands at 80 k€, i.e. a rate of 91%. This ratio measures the ability to generate value from commercial activity. EBITDA (= Gross margin - Personnel expenses - Taxes) reaches 60 k€, representing 67.9% of revenue. This high EBITDA margin provides strong self-financing capacity and resilience to uncertainties. Net income is negative at -1 k€ (-1.3% of revenue), which will impact equity.

Revenue (2016) ?
Revenue
Definition
Total amount of sales of goods and services made by the company.
Formula
Sales of goods + Sold production

88 149 €

Gross margin (2016) ?
Gross margin
Definition
Difference between revenue and cost of goods sold.
Formula
Revenue - Cost of goods consumed

80 149 €

EBITDA (2016) ?
Gross Operating Surplus (EBITDA)
Definition
Resources generated by current operations, before depreciation and financial expenses.
Formula
Value added - Personnel expenses - Taxes
Interpretation
Positive = profitable activity

59 842 €

EBIT (2016) ?
EBIT (Operating Income)
Definition
Operating income, including depreciation and provisions.
Formula
EBITDA - Depreciation and provisions + Reversals

30 237 €

Net income (2016) ?
Net income
Definition
Profit or loss after all expenses, including taxes and exceptional items.
Formula
Current income + Exceptional income - Income tax

-1 103 €

EBITDA margin (2016) ?
EBITDA margin
Definition
Measures the company's operating profitability.
Formula
(EBE / CA) x 100
Interpretation
> 10% : Good profitability
5-10% : Average
< 5% : Low

67.9%

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Chart evolution

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Assets

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Liabilities

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Solvency and debt ratios

The debt ratio (= Financial debt / Equity x 100) stands at 263%. Critical situation: debt significantly exceeds equity, severely limiting borrowing capacity and exposing the company to default risk. Financial autonomy (= Equity / Total assets x 100) reaches 34%. The balance between equity and debt is satisfactory. Debt repayment capacity (= Financial debt / Cash flow) indicates it would take 5.5 years of cash flow to repay all financial debt. This ratio remains within usual banking standards. Cash flow represents 32.3% of revenue. Cash flow measures resources generated by operations, available for investment and debt repayment. This high level provides strong self-financing capacity.

Debt ratio (2016) ?
Debt ratio
Definition
Measures the proportion of debt to equity.
Formula
(Financial debt / Equity) x 100
Interpretation
< 50% : Low
50-100% : Moderate
> 100% : High

263.279%

Financial autonomy (2016) ?
Financial autonomy
Definition
Share of equity in the company's total financing.
Formula
(Equity / Total assets) x 100
Interpretation
> 30% : Good autonomy
20-30% : Average
< 20% : Low

33.879%

Cash flow / Revenue (2016) ?
Cash flow / Revenue
Definition
Self-financing capacity relative to revenue.
Formula
(CAF / CA) x 100
Interpretation
The higher the ratio, the more cash the company generates

32.332%

Repayment capacity (2016) ?
Repayment capacity
Definition
Number of years needed to repay debts with cash flow.
Formula
Financial debt / Cash flow
Interpretation
< 3 years : Excellent
3-5 years : Fair
> 5 years : Warning

5.55

Asset age ratio (2016) ?
Asset age ratio
Definition
Measures the degree of wear of tangible assets.
Formula
Accumulated depreciation / Gross fixed assets x 100
Interpretation
< 50% : Recent assets
50-70% : Normal wear
> 70% : Aging assets

51.5%

Solvency indicators evolution
COURAGE

Sector positioning

Debt ratio
263.28 2016
2016
Q1: 0.0
Med: 4.08
Q3: 49.1
Average

In 2016, the debt ratio of COURAGE (263.28) ranks above the median of the sector. This ratio measures the weight of debt relative to equity. A reduction effort could improve financial strength.

Financial autonomy
33.88% 2016
2016
Q1: 3.01%
Med: 24.99%
Q3: 52.22%
Good

In 2016, the financial autonomy of COURAGE (33.9%) ranks above the median of the sector. This ratio represents the share of equity in total financing. This comfortable position offers an appreciable safety margin.

Repayment capacity
5.55 years 2016
2016
Q1: 0.0 years
Med: 0.0 years
Q3: 0.74 years
Watch

In 2016, the repayment capacity of COURAGE (5.55) ranks in the top 25% of the sector. This ratio indicates the number of years needed to repay debt with cash flow. A long duration may signal heavy debt relative to repayment capacity.

Liquidity ratios

The liquidity ratio (= Current assets / Current liabilities) stands at 170.44. Concretely, the company has €2 of liquid assets for every €1 of short-term debt: no cash risk within 12 months. The interest coverage ratio (= EBIT / Interest expenses) is 21.1x. Operating income very largely covers interest expenses: high safety margin.

Liquidity ratio (2016) ?
Liquidity ratio
Definition
Ability to meet short-term debts with current assets.
Formula
Current assets / Current liabilities
Interpretation
> 1.5 : Very good
1-1.5 : Fair
< 1 : Liquidity risk

170.443

Interest coverage (2016) ?
Interest coverage
Definition
Ability to cover interest charges with operating income.
Formula
EBIT / Interest expenses
Interpretation
> 3 : Comfortable
1.5-3 : Acceptable
< 1.5 : Risk

21.074

Liquidity indicators evolution
COURAGE

Sector positioning

Liquidity ratio
170.44 2016
2016
Q1: 107.23
Med: 167.74
Q3: 314.06
Good

In 2016, the liquidity ratio of COURAGE (170.44) ranks above the median of the sector. This ratio measures the ability to cover short-term debt with current assets. This comfortable position offers an appreciable safety margin.

Interest coverage
21.07x 2016
2016
Q1: 0.0x
Med: 0.0x
Q3: 1.24x
Excellent

In 2016, the interest coverage of COURAGE (21.1x) ranks in the top 25% of the sector. This ratio indicates how many times operating income covers interest expenses. High coverage means financial charges weigh little on profitability.

Working capital requirement (WCR) and payment terms

Working capital requirement (WCR) measures the cash timing gap between customer collections and supplier/inventory payments. Average customer payment term: 74 days (formula: Customer receivables / Revenue incl. VAT x 360). Supplier term: 3 days. The gap of 71 days means the company finances its customers for over a month before being paid relative to supplier payments. This weighs on cash flow. Inventory turnover is 1425 days (= Average inventory / Cost of goods x 360). This high level ties up cash and potentially creates obsolescence risk. Overall, WCR represents 500 days of revenue, i.e. 122 k€ to permanently finance.

Operating WCR (2016) ?
Operating WCR
Definition
Financing requirement generated by the operating cycle (inventory + receivables - trade payables).
Formula
Inventory + Customer receivables - Trade payables
Interpretation
Negative = cash released
Positive = financing needed

122 432 €

Customer credit (2016) ?
Customer credit (days)
Definition
Average payment term granted to customers.
Formula
(Customer receivables / Revenue incl. VAT) x 360
Interpretation
< 45j : Good
45-60j : Average
> 60j : Long

74 j

Supplier credit (2016) ?
Supplier credit (days)
Definition
Average payment term obtained from suppliers.
Formula
(Trade payables / Purchases incl. VAT) x 360
Interpretation
The longer the term, the better for cash flow

3 j

Inventory turnover (2016) ?
Inventory turnover (days)
Definition
Average storage duration for goods or materials.
Formula
(Inventory / Cost of goods) x 360
Interpretation
The lower the ratio, the faster the turnover

1425 j

WCR in days of revenue (2016) ?
WCR in days of revenue
Definition
Expresses working capital requirement in days of revenue.
Formula
(Operating WCR / Revenue) x 360
Interpretation
The fewer days, the better the working capital management

500 j

WCR and payment terms evolution
COURAGE

Positioning of COURAGE in its sector

Comparison with sector Organisation de foires, salons professionnels et congrès

Valuation estimate

Based on 63 transactions of similar company sales (all years), the value of COURAGE is estimated at 80 913 € (range 36 293€ - 273 054€). With an EBITDA of 59 842€, the sector multiple of 1.6x is applied. The price/revenue ratio is 0.68x (in line with sector norms). This multiples method compares the actual sale price of similar companies to their financial indicators (Revenue, EBITDA, Net Income). It provides a market-based indicative estimate.
Medium reliability: estimate to be confirmed with in-depth analysis.

Estimated enterprise value 2016
63 tx
36k€ 80k€ 273k€
80 913 € Range: 36 293€ - 273 054€
NAF 5 all-time

Valuation detail by method

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EBITDA Multiple 50%
59 842 € × 1.6x
Estimation 93 476 €
44 353€ - 369 986€
Revenue Multiple 30%
88 149 € × 0.68x
Estimation 59 976 €
22 862€ - 111 502€
How is this estimate calculated?

This estimate is based on the analysis of 63 actual transactions of similar company sales (same NAF code) registered with BODACC between 2016 and 2025.

  • EBITDA Multiple: Preferred method for profitable SMEs. EBITDA reflects the ability to generate cash.
  • Revenue Multiple: Used for growing companies or those with low profitability. Reflects commercial potential.
  • Net Income Multiple: Relevant for mature companies with stable results.

This estimate is provided for information purposes only. A precise valuation requires in-depth analysis (assets, liabilities, prospects, market...).

Similar companies (Organisation de foires, salons professionnels et congrès)

Compare COURAGE with other companies in the same sector:

Frequently asked questions about COURAGE

What is the revenue of COURAGE ?

The revenue of COURAGE in 2016 is 88 k€.

Is COURAGE profitable?

COURAGE recorded a net loss in 2016.

Where is the headquarters of COURAGE ?

The headquarters of COURAGE is located in LE MANS (72000), in the department Sarthe.

Where to find the tax return of COURAGE ?

The tax return of COURAGE is available on this page. Click on a year in the 'Data by year' section to view the account details (assets, liabilities, income statement). Data comes from INPI (National Institute of Industrial Property).

In which sector does COURAGE operate?

COURAGE operates in the sector Organisation de foires, salons professionnels et congrès (NAF code 82.30Z). See the 'Sector positioning' section above to compare the company with its competitors.