CODES ROUSSEAU : revenue, balance sheet and financial ratios

CODES ROUSSEAU is a French company founded 46 years ago, specialized in the sector Édition de livres. Based in LES SABLES-D'OLONNE (85340), this company of category PME shows in 2023 a revenue of 18.6 M€. Find below the complete financial statements, solvency ratios, working capital requirements and sector comparison.

Data updated on 2026-05-02

Sources : INPI & INSEE SIRENE - Processing : Ministry of Economy

Financial history - CODES ROUSSEAU (SIREN 486580210)
Indicator 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016
Revenue 18 622 815 € 18 062 957 € 18 208 659 € 14 262 783 € 13 863 135 € 12 104 099 € 13 033 413 € 14 173 106 €
Net income 1 458 672 € 521 603 € 953 032 € 436 803 € 246 817 € 115 452 € 367 070 € 355 827 €
EBITDA 2 922 242 € 976 733 € 2 208 183 € 1 073 910 € 1 145 929 € 798 942 € 1 172 353 € 1 524 531 €
Net margin 7.8% 2.9% 5.2% 3.1% 1.8% 1.0% 2.8% 2.5%

Revenue and income statement

In 2023, CODES ROUSSEAU achieves revenue of 18.6 M€. Revenue is growing positively over 8 years (CAGR: +4.0%). Vs 2022: +3%. After deducting consumption (4.1 M€), gross margin stands at 14.5 M€, i.e. a rate of 78%. This ratio measures the ability to generate value from commercial activity. EBITDA (= Gross margin - Personnel expenses - Taxes) reaches 2.9 M€, representing 15.7% of revenue. Positive scissor effect: EBITDA margin improves by +10.3 pts, sign of improved operational efficiency. This high EBITDA margin provides strong self-financing capacity and resilience to uncertainties. Ultimately, net income (= EBIT +/- financial result +/- exceptional - corporate tax) amounts to 1.5 M€, i.e. 7.8% of revenue. This profit can be retained or distributed to shareholders.

Revenue (2023) ?
Revenue
Definition
Total amount of sales of goods and services made by the company.
Formula
Sales of goods + Sold production

18 622 815 €

Gross margin (2023) ?
Gross margin
Definition
Difference between revenue and cost of goods sold.
Formula
Revenue - Cost of goods consumed

14 501 216 €

EBITDA (2023) ?
Gross Operating Surplus (EBITDA)
Definition
Resources generated by current operations, before depreciation and financial expenses.
Formula
Value added - Personnel expenses - Taxes
Interpretation
Positive = profitable activity

2 922 242 €

EBIT (2023) ?
EBIT (Operating Income)
Definition
Operating income, including depreciation and provisions.
Formula
EBITDA - Depreciation and provisions + Reversals

1 920 297 €

Net income (2023) ?
Net income
Definition
Profit or loss after all expenses, including taxes and exceptional items.
Formula
Current income + Exceptional income - Income tax

1 458 672 €

EBITDA margin (2023) ?
EBITDA margin
Definition
Measures the company's operating profitability.
Formula
(EBE / CA) x 100
Interpretation
> 10% : Good profitability
5-10% : Average
< 5% : Low

15.7%

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Assets

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Liabilities

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Solvency and debt ratios

The debt ratio (= Financial debt / Equity x 100) stands at 0%. This very low level reflects a solid financial structure, offering significant room for future investments or acquisitions. Financial autonomy (= Equity / Total assets x 100) reaches 52%. This high autonomy means the company finances most of its assets through equity, a sign of strength. Cash flow represents 12.4% of revenue. Cash flow measures resources generated by operations, available for investment and debt repayment. This high level provides strong self-financing capacity.

Debt ratio (2023) ?
Debt ratio
Definition
Measures the proportion of debt to equity.
Formula
(Financial debt / Equity) x 100
Interpretation
< 50% : Low
50-100% : Moderate
> 100% : High

0.0%

Financial autonomy (2023) ?
Financial autonomy
Definition
Share of equity in the company's total financing.
Formula
(Equity / Total assets) x 100
Interpretation
> 30% : Good autonomy
20-30% : Average
< 20% : Low

51.819%

Cash flow / Revenue (2023) ?
Cash flow / Revenue
Definition
Self-financing capacity relative to revenue.
Formula
(CAF / CA) x 100
Interpretation
The higher the ratio, the more cash the company generates

12.373%

Repayment capacity (2023) ?
Repayment capacity
Definition
Number of years needed to repay debts with cash flow.
Formula
Financial debt / Cash flow
Interpretation
< 3 years : Excellent
3-5 years : Fair
> 5 years : Warning

0.0

Asset age ratio (2023) ?
Asset age ratio
Definition
Measures the degree of wear of tangible assets.
Formula
Accumulated depreciation / Gross fixed assets x 100
Interpretation
< 50% : Recent assets
50-70% : Normal wear
> 70% : Aging assets

84.4%

Solvency indicators evolution
CODES ROUSSEAU

Sector positioning

Debt ratio
0.0 2023
2021
2022
2023
Q1: 0.0
Med: 0.92
Q3: 37.35
Excellent

In 2023, the debt ratio of CODES ROUSSEAU (0.00) ranks in the bottom 25% of the sector, which is positive. This ratio measures the weight of debt relative to equity. A low ratio indicates a solid financial structure with little dependence on creditors.

Financial autonomy
51.82% 2023
2021
2022
2023
Q1: 0.28%
Med: 24.95%
Q3: 56.79%
Good

In 2023, the financial autonomy of CODES ROUSSEAU (51.8%) ranks above the median of the sector. This ratio represents the share of equity in total financing. This comfortable position offers an appreciable safety margin.

Repayment capacity
0.0 years 2023
2021
2022
2023
Q1: -0.01 years
Med: 0.0 years
Q3: 0.15 years
Good +25 pts over 3 years

In 2023, the repayment capacity of CODES ROUSSEAU (0.00) ranks below the median of the sector. This ratio indicates the number of years needed to repay debt with cash flow. This controlled position reflects prudent management.

Liquidity ratios

The liquidity ratio (= Current assets / Current liabilities) stands at 148.75. Concretely, the company has €2 of liquid assets for every €1 of short-term debt: no cash risk within 12 months.

Liquidity ratio (2023) ?
Liquidity ratio
Definition
Ability to meet short-term debts with current assets.
Formula
Current assets / Current liabilities
Interpretation
> 1.5 : Very good
1-1.5 : Fair
< 1 : Liquidity risk

148.753

Interest coverage (2023) ?
Interest coverage
Definition
Ability to cover interest charges with operating income.
Formula
EBIT / Interest expenses
Interpretation
> 3 : Comfortable
1.5-3 : Acceptable
< 1.5 : Risk

0.0

Liquidity indicators evolution
CODES ROUSSEAU

Sector positioning

Liquidity ratio
148.75 2023
2021
2022
2023
Q1: 143.99
Med: 239.01
Q3: 486.48
Average -28 pts over 3 years

In 2023, the liquidity ratio of CODES ROUSSEAU (148.75) ranks below the median of the sector. This ratio measures the ability to cover short-term debt with current assets. An improvement would strengthen the competitive position.

Interest coverage
0.0x 2023
2021
2022
2023
Q1: 0.0x
Med: 0.0x
Q3: 0.64x
Average -50 pts over 3 years

In 2023, the interest coverage of CODES ROUSSEAU (0.0x) ranks below the median of the sector. This ratio indicates how many times operating income covers interest expenses. An improvement would strengthen the competitive position.

Working capital requirement (WCR) and payment terms

Working capital requirement (WCR) measures the cash timing gap between customer collections and supplier/inventory payments. Average customer payment term: 35 days (formula: Customer receivables / Revenue incl. VAT x 360). Supplier term: 73 days. Excellent situation: suppliers finance 38 days of the operating cycle (retail model). Inventory turnover is 43 days (= Average inventory / Cost of goods x 360). Fast turnover, sign of good inventory management. Overall, WCR represents 11 days of revenue, i.e. 564 k€ to permanently finance. Notable WCR improvement over the period (-93%), freeing up cash.

Operating WCR (2023) ?
Operating WCR
Definition
Financing requirement generated by the operating cycle (inventory + receivables - trade payables).
Formula
Inventory + Customer receivables - Trade payables
Interpretation
Negative = cash released
Positive = financing needed

563 526 €

Customer credit (2023) ?
Customer credit (days)
Definition
Average payment term granted to customers.
Formula
(Customer receivables / Revenue incl. VAT) x 360
Interpretation
< 45j : Good
45-60j : Average
> 60j : Long

35 j

Supplier credit (2023) ?
Supplier credit (days)
Definition
Average payment term obtained from suppliers.
Formula
(Trade payables / Purchases incl. VAT) x 360
Interpretation
The longer the term, the better for cash flow

73 j

Inventory turnover (2023) ?
Inventory turnover (days)
Definition
Average storage duration for goods or materials.
Formula
(Inventory / Cost of goods) x 360
Interpretation
The lower the ratio, the faster the turnover

43 j

WCR in days of revenue (2023) ?
WCR in days of revenue
Definition
Expresses working capital requirement in days of revenue.
Formula
(Operating WCR / Revenue) x 360
Interpretation
The fewer days, the better the working capital management

11 j

WCR and payment terms evolution
CODES ROUSSEAU

Positioning of CODES ROUSSEAU in its sector

Comparison with sector Édition de livres

Valuation estimate

Based on 104 transactions of similar company sales (all years), the value of CODES ROUSSEAU is estimated at 4 330 853 € (range 1 849 303€ - 11 885 657€). With an EBITDA of 2 922 242€, the sector multiple of 1.1x is applied. The price/revenue ratio is 0.24x (conservative valuation). This multiples method compares the actual sale price of similar companies to their financial indicators (Revenue, EBITDA, Net Income). It provides a market-based indicative estimate.

Estimated enterprise value 2023
104 transactions
1849k€ 4330k€ 11885k€
4 330 853 € Range: 1 849 303€ - 11 885 657€
NAF 4 all-time Aggregated at NAF sub-class level

Valuation detail by method

Ajustez les pondérations selon votre analyse

EBITDA Multiple 50%
2 922 242 € × 1.1x
Estimation 3 354 679 €
1 728 845€ - 13 768 542€
Revenue Multiple 30%
18 622 815 € × 0.24x
Estimation 4 546 670 €
2 244 283€ - 8 541 702€
Net Income Multiple 20%
1 458 672 € × 4.4x
Estimation 6 447 565 €
1 557 979€ - 12 194 377€
How is this estimate calculated?

This estimate is based on the analysis of 104 actual transactions of similar company sales (same NAF code) registered with BODACC between 2016 and 2025.

  • EBITDA Multiple: Preferred method for profitable SMEs. EBITDA reflects the ability to generate cash.
  • Revenue Multiple: Used for growing companies or those with low profitability. Reflects commercial potential.
  • Net Income Multiple: Relevant for mature companies with stable results.

This estimate is provided for information purposes only. A precise valuation requires in-depth analysis (assets, liabilities, prospects, market...).

Similar companies (Édition de livres)

Compare CODES ROUSSEAU with other companies in the same sector:

Frequently asked questions about CODES ROUSSEAU

What is the revenue of CODES ROUSSEAU ?

The revenue of CODES ROUSSEAU in 2023 is 18.6 M€.

Is CODES ROUSSEAU profitable?

Yes, CODES ROUSSEAU generated a net profit of 1.5 M€ in 2023.

Where is the headquarters of CODES ROUSSEAU ?

The headquarters of CODES ROUSSEAU is located in LES SABLES-D'OLONNE (85340), in the department Vendee.

Where to find the tax return of CODES ROUSSEAU ?

The tax return of CODES ROUSSEAU is available on this page. Click on a year in the 'Data by year' section to view the account details (assets, liabilities, income statement). Data comes from INPI (National Institute of Industrial Property).

In which sector does CODES ROUSSEAU operate?

CODES ROUSSEAU operates in the sector Édition de livres (NAF code 58.11Z). See the 'Sector positioning' section above to compare the company with its competitors.