Employees: 11 (2023.0)Legal category: SCA (commandite par actions)Size: PMECreation date: 2011-04-01 (15 years)Status: ActiveBusiness sector: Autres enseignementsLocation: MARLY (59770), Nord
CESAD : revenue, balance sheet and financial ratios
CESAD is a French company
founded 15 years ago,
specialized in the sector Autres enseignements.
Based in MARLY (59770),
this company of category PME
shows in 2025 a revenue of 2.1 M€.
Find below the complete financial statements, solvency ratios, working capital requirements and sector comparison.
In 2025, CESAD achieves revenue of 2.1 M€. Revenue is growing positively over 9 years (CAGR: +4.4%). Significant drop of -15% vs 2024. After deducting consumption (13 k€), gross margin stands at 2.1 M€, i.e. a rate of 99%. This ratio measures the ability to generate value from commercial activity. EBITDA (= Gross margin - Personnel expenses - Taxes) reaches 168 k€, representing 8.0% of revenue. Warning negative scissor effect: despite revenue change (-15%), EBITDA varies by -50%, reducing margin by 5.5 pts. This reflects costs rising faster than revenue. This level of operating margin is satisfactory for the sector. Ultimately, net income (= EBIT +/- financial result +/- exceptional - corporate tax) amounts to 147 k€, i.e. 7.0% of revenue. This profit can be retained or distributed to shareholders.
Revenue (2025)
?
Revenue
Definition
Total amount of sales of goods and services made by the company.
Formula
Sales of goods + Sold production
2 089 798 €
Gross margin (2025)
?
Gross margin
Definition
Difference between revenue and cost of goods sold.
Formula
Revenue - Cost of goods consumed
2 076 874 €
EBITDA (2025)
?
Gross Operating Surplus (EBITDA)
Definition
Resources generated by current operations, before depreciation and financial expenses.
Formula
Value added - Personnel expenses - Taxes
Interpretation
Positive = profitable activity
167 677 €
EBIT (2025)
?
EBIT (Operating Income)
Definition
Operating income, including depreciation and provisions.
Formula
EBITDA - Depreciation and provisions + Reversals
191 852 €
Net income (2025)
?
Net income
Definition
Profit or loss after all expenses, including taxes and exceptional items.
Formula
Current income + Exceptional income - Income tax
147 236 €
EBITDA margin (2025)
?
EBITDA margin
Definition
Measures the company's operating profitability.
Formula
(EBE / CA) x 100
Interpretation
> 10% : Good profitability 5-10% : Average < 5% : Low
8.0%
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Income statement
Item
Amount
% Revenue
Change
The detailed income statement is not available for this company (simplified accounts or confidential data).
Chart evolution
Show :
Visualization created via numbers.finance Sources : INPI & BCE - Adjustments : Ministry of Economy
Assets
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Item
Gross
Deprec.
Net
%
Change
Assets balance sheet data not available for this company
Liabilities
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Year
%
Change
Liabilities balance sheet data not available for this company
Solvency and debt ratios
The debt ratio (= Financial debt / Equity x 100) stands at 2%. This very low level reflects a solid financial structure, offering significant room for future investments or acquisitions. Financial autonomy (= Equity / Total assets x 100) reaches 30%. The balance between equity and debt is satisfactory. Debt repayment capacity (= Financial debt / Cash flow) indicates it would take 0.1 years of cash flow to repay all financial debt. This short period demonstrates excellent debt sustainability. Cash flow represents 5.9% of revenue. Cash flow measures resources generated by operations, available for investment and debt repayment. Satisfactory level allowing partial financing of growth.
Debt ratio (2025)
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Debt ratio
Definition
Measures the proportion of debt to equity.
Formula
(Financial debt / Equity) x 100
Interpretation
< 50% : Low 50-100% : Moderate > 100% : High
1.578%
Financial autonomy (2025)
?
Financial autonomy
Definition
Share of equity in the company's total financing.
Formula
(Equity / Total assets) x 100
Interpretation
> 30% : Good autonomy 20-30% : Average < 20% : Low
29.585%
Cash flow / Revenue (2025)
?
Cash flow / Revenue
Definition
Self-financing capacity relative to revenue.
Formula
(CAF / CA) x 100
Interpretation
The higher the ratio, the more cash the company generates
5.924%
Repayment capacity (2025)
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Repayment capacity
Definition
Number of years needed to repay debts with cash flow.
Formula
Financial debt / Cash flow
Interpretation
< 3 years : Excellent 3-5 years : Fair > 5 years : Warning
0.13
Asset age ratio (2025)
?
Asset age ratio
Definition
Measures the degree of wear of tangible assets.
Formula
Accumulated depreciation / Gross fixed assets x 100
Visualization created via numbers.finance Sources : INPI & BCE - Adjustments : Ministry of Economy
Indicator
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
Debt ratio
22.455
16.111
13.28
19.805
26.404
15.708
2.853
0.213
1.578
Financial autonomy
14.809
19.437
22.855
24.455
26.813
26.17
29.748
25.399
29.585
Repayment capacity
0.498
0.28
0.365
0.639
0.597
0.267
0.073
0.004
0.13
Cash flow / Revenue
10.514%
16.457%
12.124%
12.282%
18.552%
20.564%
17.126%
13.215%
5.924%
Sector positioning
Debt ratio
1.582025
2023
2024
2025
Q1: 0.0
Med: 3.45
Q3: 33.04
Good-15 pts over 3 years
In 2025, the debt ratio of CESAD (1.58) ranks below the median of the sector. This ratio measures the weight of debt relative to equity. This controlled position reflects prudent management.
Financial autonomy
29.59%2025
2023
2024
2025
Q1: 0.06%
Med: 22.67%
Q3: 53.58%
Good
In 2025, the financial autonomy of CESAD (29.6%) ranks above the median of the sector. This ratio represents the share of equity in total financing. This comfortable position offers an appreciable safety margin.
Repayment capacity
0.13 years2025
2023
2024
2025
Q1: 0.0 years
Med: 0.0 years
Q3: 1.08 years
Average
In 2025, the repayment capacity of CESAD (0.13) ranks above the median of the sector. This ratio indicates the number of years needed to repay debt with cash flow. A reduction effort could improve financial strength.
Liquidity ratios
The liquidity ratio (= Current assets / Current liabilities) stands at 1288.34. Concretely, the company has €2 of liquid assets for every €1 of short-term debt: no cash risk within 12 months.
Liquidity ratio (2025)
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Liquidity ratio
Definition
Ability to meet short-term debts with current assets.
Formula
Current assets / Current liabilities
Interpretation
> 1.5 : Very good 1-1.5 : Fair < 1 : Liquidity risk
1288.339
Interest coverage (2025)
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Interest coverage
Definition
Ability to cover interest charges with operating income.
Formula
EBIT / Interest expenses
Interpretation
> 3 : Comfortable 1.5-3 : Acceptable < 1.5 : Risk
0.0
Liquidity indicators evolution CESAD
Visualisation créée via abddaf.fr Sources : INPI & BCE - Retraitements : Ministère de l'économie
Indicator
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
Liquidity ratio
1591.314
1125.905
1351.628
1364.259
1361.871
812.101
865.917
1130.115
1288.339
Interest coverage
0.139
0.1
0.525
0.342
0.441
0.38
0.457
0.217
0.0
Sector positioning
Liquidity ratio
1288.342025
2023
2024
2025
Q1: 99.83
Med: 203.9
Q3: 395.39
Excellent
In 2025, the liquidity ratio of CESAD (1288.34) ranks in the top 25% of the sector. This ratio measures the ability to cover short-term debt with current assets. A ratio above 1 ensures comfortable coverage of short-term maturities.
Interest coverage
0.0x2025
2023
2024
2025
Q1: 0.0x
Med: 0.0x
Q3: 0.25x
Average-50 pts over 3 years
In 2025, the interest coverage of CESAD (0.0x) ranks below the median of the sector. This ratio indicates how many times operating income covers interest expenses. An improvement would strengthen the competitive position.
Working capital requirement (WCR) and payment terms
Working capital requirement (WCR) measures the cash timing gap between customer collections and supplier/inventory payments. Average customer payment term: 378 days (formula: Customer receivables / Revenue incl. VAT x 360). Supplier term: 29 days. The gap of 349 days means the company finances its customers for over a month before being paid relative to supplier payments. This weighs on cash flow. Inventory turnover is 1 days (= Average inventory / Cost of goods x 360). Fast turnover, sign of good inventory management. Overall, WCR represents 32 days of revenue, i.e. 184 k€ to permanently finance. Notable WCR improvement over the period (-45%), freeing up cash.
Operating WCR (2025)
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Operating WCR
Definition
Financing requirement generated by the operating cycle (inventory + receivables - trade payables).
Formula
Inventory + Customer receivables - Trade payables
Interpretation
Negative = cash released Positive = financing needed
183 819 €
Customer credit (2025)
?
Customer credit (days)
Definition
Average payment term granted to customers.
Formula
(Customer receivables / Revenue incl. VAT) x 360
Interpretation
< 45j : Good 45-60j : Average > 60j : Long
378 j
Supplier credit (2025)
?
Supplier credit (days)
Definition
Average payment term obtained from suppliers.
Formula
(Trade payables / Purchases incl. VAT) x 360
Interpretation
The longer the term, the better for cash flow
29 j
Inventory turnover (2025)
?
Inventory turnover (days)
Definition
Average storage duration for goods or materials.
Formula
(Inventory / Cost of goods) x 360
Interpretation
The lower the ratio, the faster the turnover
1 j
WCR in days of revenue (2025)
?
WCR in days of revenue
Definition
Expresses working capital requirement in days of revenue.
Formula
(Operating WCR / Revenue) x 360
Interpretation
The fewer days, the better the working capital management
32 j
WCR and payment terms evolution CESAD
Visualization created via numbers.finance Sources : INPI & BCE - Adjustments : Ministry of Economy
Indicator
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
Operating WCR
331 948 €
363 968 €
297 225 €
331 761 €
243 122 €
114 414 €
214 177 €
452 609 €
183 819 €
Inventory turnover (days)
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
Customer payment term (days)
445
381
334
341
314
260
299
390
378
Supplier payment term (days)
18
53
31
32
30
30
38
33
29
Positioning of CESAD in its sector
Comparison with sector Autres enseignements
Valuation estimate
Based on 134 transactions of similar company sales
(all years),
the value of CESAD is estimated at
492 353 €
(range 172 901€ - 1 378 629€).
With an EBITDA of 167 677€, the sector multiple of 2.2x is applied.
The price/revenue ratio is 0.36x
(conservative valuation).
This multiples method compares the actual sale price of similar companies to their financial indicators (Revenue, EBITDA, Net Income). It provides a market-based indicative estimate.
Estimated enterprise value2025
134 transactions
172k€492k€1378k€
492 353 €Range: 172 901€ - 1 378 629€
NAF 5 all-time
Valuation detail by method
Ajustez les pondérations selon votre analyse
EBITDA Multiple50%
167 677 €×2.2x
Estimation363 552 €
131 739€ - 945 547€
Revenue Multiple30%
2 089 798 €×0.36x
Estimation746 975 €
249 219€ - 1 460 476€
Net Income Multiple20%
147 236 €×2.9x
Estimation432 426 €
161 329€ - 2 338 564€
Valuation evolution
Visualisation creee via abddaf.fr Sources : BODACC & INPI
How is this estimate calculated?
This estimate is based on the analysis of 134 actual transactions of similar company sales (same NAF code) registered with BODACC between 2016 and 2025.
EBITDA Multiple: Preferred method for profitable SMEs. EBITDA reflects the ability to generate cash.
Revenue Multiple: Used for growing companies or those with low profitability. Reflects commercial potential.
Net Income Multiple: Relevant for mature companies with stable results.
This estimate is provided for information purposes only. A precise valuation requires in-depth analysis (assets, liabilities, prospects, market...).
Similar companies (Autres enseignements)
Compare CESAD with other companies in the same sector:
Yes, CESAD generated a net profit of 147 k€ in 2025.
Where is the headquarters of CESAD ?
The headquarters of CESAD is located in MARLY (59770), in the department Nord.
Where to find the tax return of CESAD ?
The tax return of CESAD is available on this page. Click on a year in the 'Data by year' section to view the account details (assets, liabilities, income statement). Data comes from INPI (National Institute of Industrial Property).
In which sector does CESAD operate?
CESAD operates in the sector Autres enseignements (NAF code 85.59B). See the 'Sector positioning' section above to compare the company with its competitors.
Item evolution
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