CDAF FORMATION : revenue, balance sheet and financial ratios

CDAF FORMATION is a French company founded 23 years ago, specialized in the sector Formation continue d'adultes. Based in LEVALLOIS-PERRET (92300), this company of category ETI shows in 2024 a revenue of 2.1 M€. Find below the complete financial statements, solvency ratios, working capital requirements and sector comparison.

Data updated on 2026-05-02

Sources : INPI & INSEE SIRENE - Processing : Ministry of Economy

Financial history - CDAF FORMATION (SIREN 445369978)
Indicator 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2019 2018 2016 2015
Revenue 2 093 957 € 2 386 570 € 1 553 141 € N/C N/C N/C N/C N/C 2 685 838 € 2 172 453 €
Net income -597 103 € -160 884 € -51 522 € 186 930 € -65 814 € 256 499 € -50 271 € 552 031 € 511 069 € 259 407 €
EBITDA -444 861 € -91 980 € 9 436 € N/C N/C N/C N/C N/C 572 765 € 283 923 €
Net margin -28.5% -6.7% -3.3% N/C N/C N/C N/C N/C 19.0% 11.9%

Revenue and income statement

In 2024, CDAF FORMATION achieves revenue of 2.1 M€. Activity remains stable over the period (CAGR: -0.4%). Significant drop of -12% vs 2023. After deducting consumption (205 €), gross margin stands at 2.1 M€, i.e. a rate of 100%. This ratio measures the ability to generate value from commercial activity. EBITDA (= Gross margin - Personnel expenses - Taxes) reaches -445 k€, representing -21.2% of revenue. Warning negative scissor effect: despite revenue change (-12%), EBITDA varies by -384%, reducing margin by 17.4 pts. This reflects costs rising faster than revenue. Negative EBITDA means operations do not cover current expenses: concerning situation. Net income is negative at -597 k€ (-28.5% of revenue), which will impact equity.

Revenue (2024) ?
Revenue
Definition
Total amount of sales of goods and services made by the company.
Formula
Sales of goods + Sold production

2 093 957 €

Gross margin (2024) ?
Gross margin
Definition
Difference between revenue and cost of goods sold.
Formula
Revenue - Cost of goods consumed

2 093 752 €

EBITDA (2024) ?
Gross Operating Surplus (EBITDA)
Definition
Resources generated by current operations, before depreciation and financial expenses.
Formula
Value added - Personnel expenses - Taxes
Interpretation
Positive = profitable activity

-444 861 €

EBIT (2024) ?
EBIT (Operating Income)
Definition
Operating income, including depreciation and provisions.
Formula
EBITDA - Depreciation and provisions + Reversals

-599 194 €

Net income (2024) ?
Net income
Definition
Profit or loss after all expenses, including taxes and exceptional items.
Formula
Current income + Exceptional income - Income tax

-597 103 €

EBITDA margin (2024) ?
EBITDA margin
Definition
Measures the company's operating profitability.
Formula
(EBE / CA) x 100
Interpretation
> 10% : Good profitability
5-10% : Average
< 5% : Low

-21.2%

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Chart evolution

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Assets

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Liabilities

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Solvency and debt ratios

The debt ratio (= Financial debt / Equity x 100) stands at 0%. This very low level reflects a solid financial structure, offering significant room for future investments or acquisitions. Financial autonomy (= Equity / Total assets x 100) reaches 30%. The balance between equity and debt is satisfactory.

Debt ratio (2024) ?
Debt ratio
Definition
Measures the proportion of debt to equity.
Formula
(Financial debt / Equity) x 100
Interpretation
< 50% : Low
50-100% : Moderate
> 100% : High

0.0%

Financial autonomy (2024) ?
Financial autonomy
Definition
Share of equity in the company's total financing.
Formula
(Equity / Total assets) x 100
Interpretation
> 30% : Good autonomy
20-30% : Average
< 20% : Low

30.27%

Cash flow / Revenue (2024) ?
Cash flow / Revenue
Definition
Self-financing capacity relative to revenue.
Formula
(CAF / CA) x 100
Interpretation
The higher the ratio, the more cash the company generates

-24.552%

Repayment capacity (2024) ?
Repayment capacity
Definition
Number of years needed to repay debts with cash flow.
Formula
Financial debt / Cash flow
Interpretation
< 3 years : Excellent
3-5 years : Fair
> 5 years : Warning

0.0

Asset age ratio (2024) ?
Asset age ratio
Definition
Measures the degree of wear of tangible assets.
Formula
Accumulated depreciation / Gross fixed assets x 100
Interpretation
< 50% : Recent assets
50-70% : Normal wear
> 70% : Aging assets

35.0%

Solvency indicators evolution
CDAF FORMATION

Sector positioning

Debt ratio
0.0 2024
2022
2023
2024
Q1: 0.0
Med: 3.22
Q3: 34.93
Excellent

In 2024, the debt ratio of CDAF FORMATION (0.00) ranks in the bottom 25% of the sector, which is positive. This ratio measures the weight of debt relative to equity. A low ratio indicates a solid financial structure with little dependence on creditors.

Financial autonomy
30.27% 2024
2022
2023
2024
Q1: 1.03%
Med: 30.48%
Q3: 60.98%
Average -25 pts over 3 years

In 2024, the financial autonomy of CDAF FORMATION (30.3%) ranks below the median of the sector. This ratio represents the share of equity in total financing. An improvement would strengthen the competitive position.

Repayment capacity
0.0 years 2024
2022
2023
2024
Q1: 0.0 years
Med: 0.0 years
Q3: 0.51 years
Excellent

In 2024, the repayment capacity of CDAF FORMATION (0.00) ranks in the bottom 25% of the sector, which is positive. This ratio indicates the number of years needed to repay debt with cash flow. A short capacity reflects controlled debt and good cash generation.

Liquidity ratios

The liquidity ratio (= Current assets / Current liabilities) stands at 112.96. Concretely, the company has €2 of liquid assets for every €1 of short-term debt: no cash risk within 12 months.

Liquidity ratio (2024) ?
Liquidity ratio
Definition
Ability to meet short-term debts with current assets.
Formula
Current assets / Current liabilities
Interpretation
> 1.5 : Very good
1-1.5 : Fair
< 1 : Liquidity risk

112.961

Interest coverage (2024) ?
Interest coverage
Definition
Ability to cover interest charges with operating income.
Formula
EBIT / Interest expenses
Interpretation
> 3 : Comfortable
1.5-3 : Acceptable
< 1.5 : Risk

-9.718

Liquidity indicators evolution
CDAF FORMATION

Sector positioning

Liquidity ratio
112.96 2024
2022
2023
2024
Q1: 126.79
Med: 230.24
Q3: 439.51
Average -32 pts over 3 years

In 2024, the liquidity ratio of CDAF FORMATION (112.96) ranks below the median of the sector. This ratio measures the ability to cover short-term debt with current assets. An improvement would strengthen the competitive position.

Interest coverage
-9.72x 2024
2022
2023
2024
Q1: 0.0x
Med: 0.0x
Q3: 0.65x
Average -49 pts over 3 years

In 2024, the interest coverage of CDAF FORMATION (-9.7x) ranks below the median of the sector. This ratio indicates how many times operating income covers interest expenses. An improvement would strengthen the competitive position.

Working capital requirement (WCR) and payment terms

Working capital requirement (WCR) measures the cash timing gap between customer collections and supplier/inventory payments. Average customer payment term: 290 days (formula: Customer receivables / Revenue incl. VAT x 360). Supplier term: 14 days. The gap of 276 days means the company finances its customers for over a month before being paid relative to supplier payments. This weighs on cash flow. Inventory turnover is 5 days (= Average inventory / Cost of goods x 360). Fast turnover, sign of good inventory management. WCR is negative (-16 days): operations structurally generate cash. Notable WCR improvement over the period (-111%), freeing up cash.

Operating WCR (2024) ?
Operating WCR
Definition
Financing requirement generated by the operating cycle (inventory + receivables - trade payables).
Formula
Inventory + Customer receivables - Trade payables
Interpretation
Negative = cash released
Positive = financing needed

-93 349 €

Customer credit (2024) ?
Customer credit (days)
Definition
Average payment term granted to customers.
Formula
(Customer receivables / Revenue incl. VAT) x 360
Interpretation
< 45j : Good
45-60j : Average
> 60j : Long

290 j

Supplier credit (2024) ?
Supplier credit (days)
Definition
Average payment term obtained from suppliers.
Formula
(Trade payables / Purchases incl. VAT) x 360
Interpretation
The longer the term, the better for cash flow

14 j

Inventory turnover (2024) ?
Inventory turnover (days)
Definition
Average storage duration for goods or materials.
Formula
(Inventory / Cost of goods) x 360
Interpretation
The lower the ratio, the faster the turnover

5 j

WCR in days of revenue (2024) ?
WCR in days of revenue
Definition
Expresses working capital requirement in days of revenue.
Formula
(Operating WCR / Revenue) x 360
Interpretation
The fewer days, the better the working capital management

-16 j

WCR and payment terms evolution
CDAF FORMATION

Positioning of CDAF FORMATION in its sector

Comparison with sector Formation continue d'adultes

Valuation estimate

Based on 134 transactions of similar company sales (all years), the value of CDAF FORMATION is estimated at 748 461 € (range 249 715€ - 1 463 382€). The price/revenue ratio is 0.36x (conservative valuation). This multiples method compares the actual sale price of similar companies to their financial indicators (Revenue, EBITDA, Net Income). It provides a market-based indicative estimate.

Estimated enterprise value 2024
134 transactions
249k€ 748k€ 1463k€
748 461 € Range: 249 715€ - 1 463 382€
NAF 5 all-time

Valuation method used

Revenue Multiple
2 093 957 € × 0.36x = 748 462 €
Range: 249 715€ - 1 463 383€

Only this financial indicator is available for this company.

Valuation evolution

How is this estimate calculated?

This estimate is based on the analysis of 134 actual transactions of similar company sales (same NAF code) registered with BODACC between 2016 and 2025.

  • EBITDA Multiple: Preferred method for profitable SMEs. EBITDA reflects the ability to generate cash.
  • Revenue Multiple: Used for growing companies or those with low profitability. Reflects commercial potential.
  • Net Income Multiple: Relevant for mature companies with stable results.

This estimate is provided for information purposes only. A precise valuation requires in-depth analysis (assets, liabilities, prospects, market...).

Similar companies (Formation continue d'adultes)

Compare CDAF FORMATION with other companies in the same sector:

Frequently asked questions about CDAF FORMATION

What is the revenue of CDAF FORMATION ?

The revenue of CDAF FORMATION in 2024 is 2.1 M€.

Is CDAF FORMATION profitable?

CDAF FORMATION recorded a net loss in 2024.

Where is the headquarters of CDAF FORMATION ?

The headquarters of CDAF FORMATION is located in LEVALLOIS-PERRET (92300), in the department Hauts-de-Seine.

Where to find the tax return of CDAF FORMATION ?

The tax return of CDAF FORMATION is available on this page. Click on a year in the 'Data by year' section to view the account details (assets, liabilities, income statement). Data comes from INPI (National Institute of Industrial Property).

In which sector does CDAF FORMATION operate?

CDAF FORMATION operates in the sector Formation continue d'adultes (NAF code 85.59A). See the 'Sector positioning' section above to compare the company with its competitors.