ARFOS : revenue, balance sheet and financial ratios
ARFOS is a French company
founded 31 years ago,
specialized in the sector Formation continue d'adultes.
Based in HEROUVILLE-SAINT-CLAIR (14200),
this company of category PME
shows in 2024 a revenue of 1.6 M€.
Find below the complete financial statements, solvency ratios, working capital requirements and sector comparison.
In 2024, ARFOS achieves revenue of 1.6 M€. Over the period 2016-2024, the company shows strong growth with a CAGR (compound annual growth rate) of +7.2%. Slight decline of -2% vs 2023. After deducting consumption (0 €), gross margin stands at 1.6 M€, i.e. a rate of 100%. This ratio measures the ability to generate value from commercial activity. EBITDA (= Gross margin - Personnel expenses - Taxes) reaches 76 k€, representing 4.6% of revenue. Warning negative scissor effect: despite revenue change (-2%), EBITDA varies by -51%, reducing margin by 4.7 pts. This reflects costs rising faster than revenue. The operating margin remains fragile, requiring cost vigilance. Ultimately, net income (= EBIT +/- financial result +/- exceptional - corporate tax) amounts to 68 k€, i.e. 4.2% of revenue. This profit can be retained or distributed to shareholders.
Revenue (2024)
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Revenue
Definition
Total amount of sales of goods and services made by the company.
Formula
Sales of goods + Sold production
1 637 215 €
Gross margin (2024)
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Gross margin
Definition
Difference between revenue and cost of goods sold.
Formula
Revenue - Cost of goods consumed
1 637 215 €
EBITDA (2024)
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Gross Operating Surplus (EBITDA)
Definition
Resources generated by current operations, before depreciation and financial expenses.
Formula
Value added - Personnel expenses - Taxes
Interpretation
Positive = profitable activity
75 608 €
EBIT (2024)
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EBIT (Operating Income)
Definition
Operating income, including depreciation and provisions.
Formula
EBITDA - Depreciation and provisions + Reversals
73 927 €
Net income (2024)
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Net income
Definition
Profit or loss after all expenses, including taxes and exceptional items.
Formula
Current income + Exceptional income - Income tax
68 052 €
EBITDA margin (2024)
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EBITDA margin
Definition
Measures the company's operating profitability.
Formula
(EBE / CA) x 100
Interpretation
> 10% : Good profitability 5-10% : Average < 5% : Low
4.6%
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Income statement
Item
Amount
% Revenue
Change
The detailed income statement is not available for this company (simplified accounts or confidential data).
Chart evolution
Show :
Visualization created via numbers.finance Sources : INPI & BCE - Adjustments : Ministry of Economy
Assets
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Item
Gross
Deprec.
Net
%
Change
Assets balance sheet data not available for this company
Liabilities
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Year
%
Change
Liabilities balance sheet data not available for this company
Solvency and debt ratios
The debt ratio (= Financial debt / Equity x 100) stands at 6%. This very low level reflects a solid financial structure, offering significant room for future investments or acquisitions. Financial autonomy (= Equity / Total assets x 100) reaches 53%. This high autonomy means the company finances most of its assets through equity, a sign of strength. Debt repayment capacity (= Financial debt / Cash flow) indicates it would take 0.3 years of cash flow to repay all financial debt. This short period demonstrates excellent debt sustainability. Cash flow represents 4.3% of revenue. Cash flow measures resources generated by operations, available for investment and debt repayment.
Debt ratio (2024)
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Debt ratio
Definition
Measures the proportion of debt to equity.
Formula
(Financial debt / Equity) x 100
Interpretation
< 50% : Low 50-100% : Moderate > 100% : High
5.717%
Financial autonomy (2024)
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Financial autonomy
Definition
Share of equity in the company's total financing.
Formula
(Equity / Total assets) x 100
Interpretation
> 30% : Good autonomy 20-30% : Average < 20% : Low
52.964%
Cash flow / Revenue (2024)
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Cash flow / Revenue
Definition
Self-financing capacity relative to revenue.
Formula
(CAF / CA) x 100
Interpretation
The higher the ratio, the more cash the company generates
4.256%
Repayment capacity (2024)
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Repayment capacity
Definition
Number of years needed to repay debts with cash flow.
Formula
Financial debt / Cash flow
Interpretation
< 3 years : Excellent 3-5 years : Fair > 5 years : Warning
0.289
Asset age ratio (2024)
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Asset age ratio
Definition
Measures the degree of wear of tangible assets.
Formula
Accumulated depreciation / Gross fixed assets x 100
Visualization created via numbers.finance Sources : INPI & BCE - Adjustments : Ministry of Economy
Indicator
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Debt ratio
0.559
0.46
0.061
0.038
0.059
16.212
0.046
0.045
5.717
Financial autonomy
67.854
70.316
73.105
68.285
76.93
60.574
71.445
57.844
52.964
Repayment capacity
0.045
0.023
0.003
0.002
-0.006
1.2
0.004
0.001
0.289
Cash flow / Revenue
4.2%
8.054%
7.515%
8.181%
-5.588%
5.261%
3.943%
7.427%
4.256%
Sector positioning
Debt ratio
5.722024
2022
2023
2024
Q1: 0.0
Med: 3.22
Q3: 34.93
Average+27 pts over 3 years
In 2024, the debt ratio of ARFOS (5.72) ranks above the median of the sector. This ratio measures the weight of debt relative to equity. A reduction effort could improve financial strength.
Financial autonomy
52.96%2024
2022
2023
2024
Q1: 1.03%
Med: 30.48%
Q3: 60.98%
Good-7 pts over 3 years
In 2024, the financial autonomy of ARFOS (53.0%) ranks above the median of the sector. This ratio represents the share of equity in total financing. This comfortable position offers an appreciable safety margin.
Repayment capacity
0.29 years2024
2022
2023
2024
Q1: 0.0 years
Med: 0.0 years
Q3: 0.51 years
Average+14 pts over 3 years
In 2024, the repayment capacity of ARFOS (0.29) ranks above the median of the sector. This ratio indicates the number of years needed to repay debt with cash flow. A reduction effort could improve financial strength.
Liquidity ratios
The liquidity ratio (= Current assets / Current liabilities) stands at 213.02. Concretely, the company has €2 of liquid assets for every €1 of short-term debt: no cash risk within 12 months.
Liquidity ratio (2024)
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Liquidity ratio
Definition
Ability to meet short-term debts with current assets.
Formula
Current assets / Current liabilities
Interpretation
> 1.5 : Very good 1-1.5 : Fair < 1 : Liquidity risk
213.024
Interest coverage (2024)
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Interest coverage
Definition
Ability to cover interest charges with operating income.
Formula
EBIT / Interest expenses
Interpretation
> 3 : Comfortable 1.5-3 : Acceptable < 1.5 : Risk
0.0
Liquidity indicators evolution ARFOS
Visualisation créée via abddaf.fr Sources : INPI & BCE - Retraitements : Ministère de l'économie
Indicator
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Liquidity ratio
309.7
323.729
346.548
297.664
405.673
341.192
323.484
221.481
213.024
Interest coverage
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.221
0.042
0.0
0.0
Sector positioning
Liquidity ratio
213.022024
2022
2023
2024
Q1: 126.79
Med: 230.24
Q3: 439.51
Average-19 pts over 3 years
In 2024, the liquidity ratio of ARFOS (213.02) ranks below the median of the sector. This ratio measures the ability to cover short-term debt with current assets. An improvement would strengthen the competitive position.
Interest coverage
0.0x2024
2022
2023
2024
Q1: 0.0x
Med: 0.0x
Q3: 0.65x
Average-27 pts over 3 years
In 2024, the interest coverage of ARFOS (0.0x) ranks below the median of the sector. This ratio indicates how many times operating income covers interest expenses. An improvement would strengthen the competitive position.
Working capital requirement (WCR) and payment terms
Working capital requirement (WCR) measures the cash timing gap between customer collections and supplier/inventory payments. Average customer payment term: 0 days (formula: Customer receivables / Revenue incl. VAT x 360). Supplier term: 37 days. Excellent situation: suppliers finance 37 days of the operating cycle (retail model). Inventory turnover is 22 days (= Average inventory / Cost of goods x 360). Fast turnover, sign of good inventory management. Overall, WCR represents 54 days of revenue, i.e. 247 k€ to permanently finance. Over 2016-2024, WCR increased by +115%, requiring additional financing.
Operating WCR (2024)
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Operating WCR
Definition
Financing requirement generated by the operating cycle (inventory + receivables - trade payables).
Formula
Inventory + Customer receivables - Trade payables
Interpretation
Negative = cash released Positive = financing needed
247 400 €
Customer credit (2024)
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Customer credit (days)
Definition
Average payment term granted to customers.
Formula
(Customer receivables / Revenue incl. VAT) x 360
Interpretation
< 45j : Good 45-60j : Average > 60j : Long
0 j
Supplier credit (2024)
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Supplier credit (days)
Definition
Average payment term obtained from suppliers.
Formula
(Trade payables / Purchases incl. VAT) x 360
Interpretation
The longer the term, the better for cash flow
37 j
Inventory turnover (2024)
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Inventory turnover (days)
Definition
Average storage duration for goods or materials.
Formula
(Inventory / Cost of goods) x 360
Interpretation
The lower the ratio, the faster the turnover
22 j
WCR in days of revenue (2024)
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WCR in days of revenue
Definition
Expresses working capital requirement in days of revenue.
Formula
(Operating WCR / Revenue) x 360
Interpretation
The fewer days, the better the working capital management
54 j
WCR and payment terms evolution ARFOS
Visualization created via numbers.finance Sources : INPI & BCE - Adjustments : Ministry of Economy
Indicator
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
Operating WCR
114 976 €
71 265 €
212 104 €
11 822 €
183 851 €
90 185 €
188 898 €
275 110 €
247 400 €
Inventory turnover (days)
14
15
21
7
29
18
12
8
22
Customer payment term (days)
67
55
87
45
103
58
69
78
0
Supplier payment term (days)
23
24
34
21
43
39
29
23
37
Positioning of ARFOS in its sector
Comparison with sector Formation continue d'adultes
Valuation estimate
Based on 134 transactions of similar company sales
(all years),
the value of ARFOS is estimated at
297 499 €
(range 103 188€ - 772 611€).
With an EBITDA of 75 608€, the sector multiple of 2.2x is applied.
The price/revenue ratio is 0.36x
(conservative valuation).
This multiples method compares the actual sale price of similar companies to their financial indicators (Revenue, EBITDA, Net Income). It provides a market-based indicative estimate.
Estimated enterprise value2024
134 transactions
103k€297k€772k€
297 499 €Range: 103 188€ - 772 611€
NAF 5 all-time
Valuation detail by method
Ajustez les pondérations selon votre analyse
EBITDA Multiple50%
75 608 €×2.2x
Estimation163 931 €
59 403€ - 426 361€
Revenue Multiple30%
1 637 215 €×0.36x
Estimation585 204 €
195 246€ - 1 144 184€
Net Income Multiple20%
68 052 €×2.9x
Estimation199 866 €
74 566€ - 1 080 877€
Valuation evolution
Visualisation creee via abddaf.fr Sources : BODACC & INPI
How is this estimate calculated?
This estimate is based on the analysis of 134 actual transactions of similar company sales (same NAF code) registered with BODACC between 2016 and 2025.
EBITDA Multiple: Preferred method for profitable SMEs. EBITDA reflects the ability to generate cash.
Revenue Multiple: Used for growing companies or those with low profitability. Reflects commercial potential.
Net Income Multiple: Relevant for mature companies with stable results.
This estimate is provided for information purposes only. A precise valuation requires in-depth analysis (assets, liabilities, prospects, market...).
Similar companies (Formation continue d'adultes)
Compare ARFOS with other companies in the same sector:
Yes, ARFOS generated a net profit of 68 k€ in 2024.
Where is the headquarters of ARFOS ?
The headquarters of ARFOS is located in HEROUVILLE-SAINT-CLAIR (14200), in the department Calvados.
Where to find the tax return of ARFOS ?
The tax return of ARFOS is available on this page. Click on a year in the 'Data by year' section to view the account details (assets, liabilities, income statement). Data comes from INPI (National Institute of Industrial Property).
In which sector does ARFOS operate?
ARFOS operates in the sector Formation continue d'adultes (NAF code 85.59A). See the 'Sector positioning' section above to compare the company with its competitors.
Item evolution
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