ALMA-FORMATION : revenue, balance sheet and financial ratios

ALMA-FORMATION is a French company founded 16 years ago, specialized in the sector Formation continue d'adultes. Based in CARRY-LE-ROUET (13620), this company of category PME shows in 2023 a revenue of 38 k€. Find below the complete financial statements, solvency ratios, working capital requirements and sector comparison.

Data updated on 2026-05-02

Sources : INPI & INSEE SIRENE - Processing : Ministry of Economy

Financial history - ALMA-FORMATION (SIREN 513923136)
Indicator 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2016 2015
Revenue 38 460 € 33 021 € 41 045 € 52 570 € 86 167 € 123 353 € 99 607 € 179 487 €
Net income -2 045 € -32 446 € -21 984 € -29 502 € -28 806 € 515 € -14 991 € 2 956 €
EBITDA -1 990 € -32 302 € -28 939 € -29 502 € -28 806 € 606 € -14 456 € 125 271 €
Net margin -5.3% -98.3% -53.6% -56.1% -33.4% 0.4% -15.1% 1.6%

Revenue and income statement

In 2023, ALMA-FORMATION achieves revenue of 38 k€. Revenue is declining over the period 2015-2023 (CAGR: -17.5%). Vs 2022, growth of +16% (33 k€ -> 38 k€). After deducting consumption (768 €), gross margin stands at 38 k€, i.e. a rate of 98%. This ratio measures the ability to generate value from commercial activity. EBITDA (= Gross margin - Personnel expenses - Taxes) reaches -2 k€, representing -5.2% of revenue. Positive scissor effect: EBITDA margin improves by +92.6 pts, sign of improved operational efficiency. Negative EBITDA means operations do not cover current expenses: concerning situation. Net income is negative at -2 k€ (-5.3% of revenue), which will impact equity.

Revenue (2023) ?
Revenue
Definition
Total amount of sales of goods and services made by the company.
Formula
Sales of goods + Sold production

38 460 €

Gross margin (2023) ?
Gross margin
Definition
Difference between revenue and cost of goods sold.
Formula
Revenue - Cost of goods consumed

37 692 €

EBITDA (2023) ?
Gross Operating Surplus (EBITDA)
Definition
Resources generated by current operations, before depreciation and financial expenses.
Formula
Value added - Personnel expenses - Taxes
Interpretation
Positive = profitable activity

-1 990 €

EBIT (2023) ?
EBIT (Operating Income)
Definition
Operating income, including depreciation and provisions.
Formula
EBITDA - Depreciation and provisions + Reversals

-1 991 €

Net income (2023) ?
Net income
Definition
Profit or loss after all expenses, including taxes and exceptional items.
Formula
Current income + Exceptional income - Income tax

-2 045 €

EBITDA margin (2023) ?
EBITDA margin
Definition
Measures the company's operating profitability.
Formula
(EBE / CA) x 100
Interpretation
> 10% : Good profitability
5-10% : Average
< 5% : Low

-5.2%

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Chart evolution

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Assets

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Liabilities

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Solvency and debt ratios

The debt ratio (= Financial debt / Equity x 100) stands at 21%. This very low level reflects a solid financial structure, offering significant room for future investments or acquisitions. Financial autonomy (= Equity / Total assets x 100) reaches 151%. This high autonomy means the company finances most of its assets through equity, a sign of strength. Debt repayment capacity (= Financial debt / Cash flow) indicates it would take 8.5 years of cash flow to repay all financial debt. Beyond 7 years, banks generally consider credit risk as high.

Debt ratio (2023) ?
Debt ratio
Definition
Measures the proportion of debt to equity.
Formula
(Financial debt / Equity) x 100
Interpretation
< 50% : Low
50-100% : Moderate
> 100% : High

21.175%

Financial autonomy (2023) ?
Financial autonomy
Definition
Share of equity in the company's total financing.
Formula
(Equity / Total assets) x 100
Interpretation
> 30% : Good autonomy
20-30% : Average
< 20% : Low

150.849%

Cash flow / Revenue (2023) ?
Cash flow / Revenue
Definition
Self-financing capacity relative to revenue.
Formula
(CAF / CA) x 100
Interpretation
The higher the ratio, the more cash the company generates

-5.317%

Repayment capacity (2023) ?
Repayment capacity
Definition
Number of years needed to repay debts with cash flow.
Formula
Financial debt / Cash flow
Interpretation
< 3 years : Excellent
3-5 years : Fair
> 5 years : Warning

8.47

Solvency indicators evolution
ALMA-FORMATION

Sector positioning

Debt ratio
21.18 2023
2021
2022
2023
Q1: 0.0
Med: 3.62
Q3: 37.96
Average +38 pts over 3 years

In 2023, the debt ratio of ALMA-FORMATION (21.18) ranks above the median of the sector. This ratio measures the weight of debt relative to equity. A reduction effort could improve financial strength.

Financial autonomy
150.85% 2023
2021
2022
2023
Q1: 1.77%
Med: 30.93%
Q3: 61.22%
Excellent

In 2023, the financial autonomy of ALMA-FORMATION (150.8%) ranks in the top 25% of the sector. This ratio represents the share of equity in total financing. High autonomy reflects financial independence and ability to absorb shocks.

Repayment capacity
8.47 years 2023
2021
2022
2023
Q1: 0.0 years
Med: 0.0 years
Q3: 0.54 years
Watch +50 pts over 3 years

In 2023, the repayment capacity of ALMA-FORMATION (8.47) ranks in the top 25% of the sector. This ratio indicates the number of years needed to repay debt with cash flow. A long duration may signal heavy debt relative to repayment capacity.

Liquidity ratios

The liquidity ratio (= Current assets / Current liabilities) stands at -13.10. Alert: short-term debt exceeds current assets. Risk of payment difficulties without cash reinforcement.

Liquidity ratio (2023) ?
Liquidity ratio
Definition
Ability to meet short-term debts with current assets.
Formula
Current assets / Current liabilities
Interpretation
> 1.5 : Very good
1-1.5 : Fair
< 1 : Liquidity risk

-13.102

Interest coverage (2023) ?
Interest coverage
Definition
Ability to cover interest charges with operating income.
Formula
EBIT / Interest expenses
Interpretation
> 3 : Comfortable
1.5-3 : Acceptable
< 1.5 : Risk

-2.714

Liquidity indicators evolution
ALMA-FORMATION

Sector positioning

Liquidity ratio
-13.1 2023
2021
2022
2023
Q1: 129.96
Med: 228.25
Q3: 426.41
Watch

In 2023, the liquidity ratio of ALMA-FORMATION (-13.10) ranks in the bottom 25% of the sector. This ratio measures the ability to cover short-term debt with current assets. A ratio below 1 may signal potential cash flow tensions.

Interest coverage
-2.71x 2023
2021
2022
2023
Q1: 0.0x
Med: 0.0x
Q3: 0.69x
Average

In 2023, the interest coverage of ALMA-FORMATION (-2.7x) ranks below the median of the sector. This ratio indicates how many times operating income covers interest expenses. An improvement would strengthen the competitive position.

Working capital requirement (WCR) and payment terms

Working capital requirement (WCR) measures the cash timing gap between customer collections and supplier/inventory payments. Average customer payment term: 68 days (formula: Customer receivables / Revenue incl. VAT x 360). Supplier term: 0 days. The gap of 68 days means the company finances its customers for over a month before being paid relative to supplier payments. This weighs on cash flow. WCR is negative (-928 days): operations structurally generate cash. Notable WCR improvement over the period (-796%), freeing up cash.

Operating WCR (2023) ?
Operating WCR
Definition
Financing requirement generated by the operating cycle (inventory + receivables - trade payables).
Formula
Inventory + Customer receivables - Trade payables
Interpretation
Negative = cash released
Positive = financing needed

-99 145 €

Customer credit (2023) ?
Customer credit (days)
Definition
Average payment term granted to customers.
Formula
(Customer receivables / Revenue incl. VAT) x 360
Interpretation
< 45j : Good
45-60j : Average
> 60j : Long

68 j

Supplier credit (2023) ?
Supplier credit (days)
Definition
Average payment term obtained from suppliers.
Formula
(Trade payables / Purchases incl. VAT) x 360
Interpretation
The longer the term, the better for cash flow

0 j

Inventory turnover (2023) ?
Inventory turnover (days)
Definition
Average storage duration for goods or materials.
Formula
(Inventory / Cost of goods) x 360
Interpretation
The lower the ratio, the faster the turnover

0 j

WCR in days of revenue (2023) ?
WCR in days of revenue
Definition
Expresses working capital requirement in days of revenue.
Formula
(Operating WCR / Revenue) x 360
Interpretation
The fewer days, the better the working capital management

-928 j

WCR and payment terms evolution
ALMA-FORMATION

Positioning of ALMA-FORMATION in its sector

Comparison with sector Formation continue d'adultes

Valuation estimate

Based on 134 transactions of similar company sales (all years), the value of ALMA-FORMATION is estimated at 13 747 € (range 4 586€ - 26 878€). The price/revenue ratio is 0.36x (conservative valuation). This multiples method compares the actual sale price of similar companies to their financial indicators (Revenue, EBITDA, Net Income). It provides a market-based indicative estimate.

Estimated enterprise value 2023
134 transactions
4k€ 13k€ 26k€
13 747 € Range: 4 586€ - 26 878€
NAF 5 all-time

Valuation method used

Revenue Multiple
38 460 € × 0.36x = 13 747 €
Range: 4 587€ - 26 878€

Only this financial indicator is available for this company.

Valuation evolution

How is this estimate calculated?

This estimate is based on the analysis of 134 actual transactions of similar company sales (same NAF code) registered with BODACC between 2016 and 2025.

  • EBITDA Multiple: Preferred method for profitable SMEs. EBITDA reflects the ability to generate cash.
  • Revenue Multiple: Used for growing companies or those with low profitability. Reflects commercial potential.
  • Net Income Multiple: Relevant for mature companies with stable results.

This estimate is provided for information purposes only. A precise valuation requires in-depth analysis (assets, liabilities, prospects, market...).

Similar companies (Formation continue d'adultes)

Compare ALMA-FORMATION with other companies in the same sector:

Frequently asked questions about ALMA-FORMATION

What is the revenue of ALMA-FORMATION ?

The revenue of ALMA-FORMATION in 2023 is 38 k€.

Is ALMA-FORMATION profitable?

ALMA-FORMATION recorded a net loss in 2023.

Where is the headquarters of ALMA-FORMATION ?

The headquarters of ALMA-FORMATION is located in CARRY-LE-ROUET (13620), in the department Bouches-du-Rhone.

Where to find the tax return of ALMA-FORMATION ?

The tax return of ALMA-FORMATION is available on this page. Click on a year in the 'Data by year' section to view the account details (assets, liabilities, income statement). Data comes from INPI (National Institute of Industrial Property).

In which sector does ALMA-FORMATION operate?

ALMA-FORMATION operates in the sector Formation continue d'adultes (NAF code 85.59A). See the 'Sector positioning' section above to compare the company with its competitors.