ADVERBUM : revenue, balance sheet and financial ratios

ADVERBUM is a French company founded 37 years ago, specialized in the sector Édition de livres. Based in GAP (05000), this company of category PME shows in 2025 a revenue of 344 k€. Find below the complete financial statements, solvency ratios, working capital requirements and sector comparison.

Data updated on 2026-05-02

Sources : INPI & INSEE SIRENE - Processing : Ministry of Economy

Financial history - ADVERBUM (SIREN 350916839)
Indicator 2025 2024 2023 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017
Revenue 344 398 € 402 271 € 425 131 € 440 019 € 402 057 € 432 581 € 435 491 € 487 772 € 476 433 €
Net income -5 153 € 10 337 € 21 176 € 31 163 € 21 168 € 30 672 € 44 236 € 24 947 € 34 000 €
EBITDA -3 685 € -8 331 € 18 159 € 69 435 € 61 818 € -10 591 € 80 676 € 117 654 € 91 349 €
Net margin -1.5% 2.6% 5.0% 7.1% 5.3% 7.1% 10.2% 5.1% 7.1%

Revenue and income statement

In 2025, ADVERBUM achieves revenue of 344 k€. Activity remains stable over the period (CAGR: -4.0%). Significant drop of -14% vs 2024. After deducting consumption (706 €), gross margin stands at 344 k€, i.e. a rate of 100%. This ratio measures the ability to generate value from commercial activity. EBITDA (= Gross margin - Personnel expenses - Taxes) reaches -4 k€, representing -1.1% of revenue. Negative EBITDA means operations do not cover current expenses: concerning situation. Net income is negative at -5 k€ (-1.5% of revenue), which will impact equity.

Revenue (2025) ?
Revenue
Definition
Total amount of sales of goods and services made by the company.
Formula
Sales of goods + Sold production

344 398 €

Gross margin (2025) ?
Gross margin
Definition
Difference between revenue and cost of goods sold.
Formula
Revenue - Cost of goods consumed

343 692 €

EBITDA (2025) ?
Gross Operating Surplus (EBITDA)
Definition
Resources generated by current operations, before depreciation and financial expenses.
Formula
Value added - Personnel expenses - Taxes
Interpretation
Positive = profitable activity

-3 685 €

EBIT (2025) ?
EBIT (Operating Income)
Definition
Operating income, including depreciation and provisions.
Formula
EBITDA - Depreciation and provisions + Reversals

-18 238 €

Net income (2025) ?
Net income
Definition
Profit or loss after all expenses, including taxes and exceptional items.
Formula
Current income + Exceptional income - Income tax

-5 153 €

EBITDA margin (2025) ?
EBITDA margin
Definition
Measures the company's operating profitability.
Formula
(EBE / CA) x 100
Interpretation
> 10% : Good profitability
5-10% : Average
< 5% : Low

-1.1%

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Assets

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Liabilities

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Solvency and debt ratios

The debt ratio (= Financial debt / Equity x 100) stands at 1%. This very low level reflects a solid financial structure, offering significant room for future investments or acquisitions. Financial autonomy (= Equity / Total assets x 100) reaches 71%. This high autonomy means the company finances most of its assets through equity, a sign of strength. Debt repayment capacity (= Financial debt / Cash flow) indicates it would take 0.0 years of cash flow to repay all financial debt. This short period demonstrates excellent debt sustainability. Cash flow represents 74.7% of revenue. Cash flow measures resources generated by operations, available for investment and debt repayment. This high level provides strong self-financing capacity.

Debt ratio (2025) ?
Debt ratio
Definition
Measures the proportion of debt to equity.
Formula
(Financial debt / Equity) x 100
Interpretation
< 50% : Low
50-100% : Moderate
> 100% : High

0.694%

Financial autonomy (2025) ?
Financial autonomy
Definition
Share of equity in the company's total financing.
Formula
(Equity / Total assets) x 100
Interpretation
> 30% : Good autonomy
20-30% : Average
< 20% : Low

71.463%

Cash flow / Revenue (2025) ?
Cash flow / Revenue
Definition
Self-financing capacity relative to revenue.
Formula
(CAF / CA) x 100
Interpretation
The higher the ratio, the more cash the company generates

74.705%

Repayment capacity (2025) ?
Repayment capacity
Definition
Number of years needed to repay debts with cash flow.
Formula
Financial debt / Cash flow
Interpretation
< 3 years : Excellent
3-5 years : Fair
> 5 years : Warning

0.009

Asset age ratio (2025) ?
Asset age ratio
Definition
Measures the degree of wear of tangible assets.
Formula
Accumulated depreciation / Gross fixed assets x 100
Interpretation
< 50% : Recent assets
50-70% : Normal wear
> 70% : Aging assets

8.7%

Solvency indicators evolution
ADVERBUM

Sector positioning

Debt ratio
0.69 2025
2023
2024
2025
Q1: 0.0
Med: 1.39
Q3: 20.32
Good -17 pts over 3 years

In 2025, the debt ratio of ADVERBUM (0.69) ranks below the median of the sector. This ratio measures the weight of debt relative to equity. This controlled position reflects prudent management.

Financial autonomy
71.46% 2025
2023
2024
2025
Q1: 0.36%
Med: 16.09%
Q3: 63.05%
Excellent

In 2025, the financial autonomy of ADVERBUM (71.5%) ranks in the top 25% of the sector. This ratio represents the share of equity in total financing. High autonomy reflects financial independence and ability to absorb shocks.

Repayment capacity
0.01 years 2025
2023
2024
2025
Q1: -0.0 years
Med: 0.0 years
Q3: 0.02 years
Average -7 pts over 3 years

In 2025, the repayment capacity of ADVERBUM (0.01) ranks above the median of the sector. This ratio indicates the number of years needed to repay debt with cash flow. A reduction effort could improve financial strength.

Liquidity ratios

The liquidity ratio (= Current assets / Current liabilities) stands at 343.82. Concretely, the company has €2 of liquid assets for every €1 of short-term debt: no cash risk within 12 months.

Liquidity ratio (2025) ?
Liquidity ratio
Definition
Ability to meet short-term debts with current assets.
Formula
Current assets / Current liabilities
Interpretation
> 1.5 : Very good
1-1.5 : Fair
< 1 : Liquidity risk

343.82

Interest coverage (2025) ?
Interest coverage
Definition
Ability to cover interest charges with operating income.
Formula
EBIT / Interest expenses
Interpretation
> 3 : Comfortable
1.5-3 : Acceptable
< 1.5 : Risk

-53.65

Liquidity indicators evolution
ADVERBUM

Sector positioning

Liquidity ratio
343.82 2025
2023
2024
2025
Q1: 144.89
Med: 267.87
Q3: 433.4
Good -14 pts over 3 years

In 2025, the liquidity ratio of ADVERBUM (343.82) ranks above the median of the sector. This ratio measures the ability to cover short-term debt with current assets. This comfortable position offers an appreciable safety margin.

Interest coverage
-53.65x 2025
2023
2024
2025
Q1: -0.06x
Med: 0.0x
Q3: 0.0x
Watch -50 pts over 3 years

In 2025, the interest coverage of ADVERBUM (-53.6x) ranks in the bottom 25% of the sector. This ratio indicates how many times operating income covers interest expenses. Low coverage may indicate fragility to rate or income variations.

Working capital requirement (WCR) and payment terms

Working capital requirement (WCR) measures the cash timing gap between customer collections and supplier/inventory payments. Average customer payment term: 50 days (formula: Customer receivables / Revenue incl. VAT x 360). Supplier term: 107 days. Excellent situation: suppliers finance 57 days of the operating cycle (retail model). Inventory turnover is 442 days (= Average inventory / Cost of goods x 360). This high level ties up cash and potentially creates obsolescence risk. Overall, WCR represents 261 days of revenue, i.e. 250 k€ to permanently finance.

Operating WCR (2025) ?
Operating WCR
Definition
Financing requirement generated by the operating cycle (inventory + receivables - trade payables).
Formula
Inventory + Customer receivables - Trade payables
Interpretation
Negative = cash released
Positive = financing needed

249 895 €

Customer credit (2025) ?
Customer credit (days)
Definition
Average payment term granted to customers.
Formula
(Customer receivables / Revenue incl. VAT) x 360
Interpretation
< 45j : Good
45-60j : Average
> 60j : Long

50 j

Supplier credit (2025) ?
Supplier credit (days)
Definition
Average payment term obtained from suppliers.
Formula
(Trade payables / Purchases incl. VAT) x 360
Interpretation
The longer the term, the better for cash flow

107 j

Inventory turnover (2025) ?
Inventory turnover (days)
Definition
Average storage duration for goods or materials.
Formula
(Inventory / Cost of goods) x 360
Interpretation
The lower the ratio, the faster the turnover

442 j

WCR in days of revenue (2025) ?
WCR in days of revenue
Definition
Expresses working capital requirement in days of revenue.
Formula
(Operating WCR / Revenue) x 360
Interpretation
The fewer days, the better the working capital management

261 j

WCR and payment terms evolution
ADVERBUM

Positioning of ADVERBUM in its sector

Comparison with sector Édition de livres

Valuation estimate

Based on 104 transactions of similar company sales (all years), the value of ADVERBUM is estimated at 84 083 € (range 41 504€ - 157 964€). The price/revenue ratio is 0.24x (conservative valuation). This multiples method compares the actual sale price of similar companies to their financial indicators (Revenue, EBITDA, Net Income). It provides a market-based indicative estimate.

Estimated enterprise value 2025
104 transactions
41k€ 84k€ 157k€
84 083 € Range: 41 504€ - 157 964€
NAF 4 all-time Aggregated at NAF sub-class level

Valuation method used

Revenue Multiple
344 398 € × 0.24x = 84 083 €
Range: 41 504€ - 157 965€

Only this financial indicator is available for this company.

How is this estimate calculated?

This estimate is based on the analysis of 104 actual transactions of similar company sales (same NAF code) registered with BODACC between 2016 and 2025.

  • EBITDA Multiple: Preferred method for profitable SMEs. EBITDA reflects the ability to generate cash.
  • Revenue Multiple: Used for growing companies or those with low profitability. Reflects commercial potential.
  • Net Income Multiple: Relevant for mature companies with stable results.

This estimate is provided for information purposes only. A precise valuation requires in-depth analysis (assets, liabilities, prospects, market...).

Similar companies (Édition de livres)

Compare ADVERBUM with other companies in the same sector:

Frequently asked questions about ADVERBUM

What is the revenue of ADVERBUM ?

The revenue of ADVERBUM in 2025 is 344 k€.

Is ADVERBUM profitable?

ADVERBUM recorded a net loss in 2025.

Where is the headquarters of ADVERBUM ?

The headquarters of ADVERBUM is located in GAP (05000), in the department Hautes-Alpes.

Where to find the tax return of ADVERBUM ?

The tax return of ADVERBUM is available on this page. Click on a year in the 'Data by year' section to view the account details (assets, liabilities, income statement). Data comes from INPI (National Institute of Industrial Property).

In which sector does ADVERBUM operate?

ADVERBUM operates in the sector Édition de livres (NAF code 58.11Z). See the 'Sector positioning' section above to compare the company with its competitors.