Employees: 22 (2023.0)Legal category: SCA (commandite par actions)Size: PMECreation date: 2001-12-20 (24 years)Status: ActiveBusiness sector: Études de marché et sondagesLocation: BOULOGNE-BILLANCOURT (92100), Hauts-de-Seine
A + A : revenue, balance sheet and financial ratios
A + A is a French company
founded 24 years ago,
specialized in the sector Études de marché et sondages.
Based in BOULOGNE-BILLANCOURT (92100),
this company of category PME
shows in 2024 a revenue of 24.4 M€.
Find below the complete financial statements, solvency ratios, working capital requirements and sector comparison.
In 2024, A + A achieves revenue of 24.4 M€. Revenue is growing positively over 10 years (CAGR: +4.0%). Vs 2023: +3%. After deducting consumption (0 €), gross margin stands at 24.4 M€, i.e. a rate of 100%. This ratio measures the ability to generate value from commercial activity. EBITDA (= Gross margin - Personnel expenses - Taxes) reaches 1.1 M€, representing 4.5% of revenue. Warning negative scissor effect: despite revenue change (+3%), EBITDA varies by -37%, reducing margin by 2.8 pts. This reflects costs rising faster than revenue. The operating margin remains fragile, requiring cost vigilance. Ultimately, net income (= EBIT +/- financial result +/- exceptional - corporate tax) amounts to 1.5 M€, i.e. 6.0% of revenue. This profit can be retained or distributed to shareholders.
Revenue (2024)
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Revenue
Definition
Total amount of sales of goods and services made by the company.
Formula
Sales of goods + Sold production
24 415 529 €
Gross margin (2024)
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Gross margin
Definition
Difference between revenue and cost of goods sold.
Formula
Revenue - Cost of goods consumed
24 415 529 €
EBITDA (2024)
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Gross Operating Surplus (EBITDA)
Definition
Resources generated by current operations, before depreciation and financial expenses.
Formula
Value added - Personnel expenses - Taxes
Interpretation
Positive = profitable activity
1 106 454 €
EBIT (2024)
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EBIT (Operating Income)
Definition
Operating income, including depreciation and provisions.
Formula
EBITDA - Depreciation and provisions + Reversals
733 649 €
Net income (2024)
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Net income
Definition
Profit or loss after all expenses, including taxes and exceptional items.
Formula
Current income + Exceptional income - Income tax
1 459 169 €
EBITDA margin (2024)
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EBITDA margin
Definition
Measures the company's operating profitability.
Formula
(EBE / CA) x 100
Interpretation
> 10% : Good profitability 5-10% : Average < 5% : Low
4.5%
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Income statement
Item
Amount
% Revenue
Change
The detailed income statement is not available for this company (simplified accounts or confidential data).
Chart evolution
Show :
Visualization created via numbers.finance Sources : INPI & BCE - Adjustments : Ministry of Economy
Assets
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Item
Gross
Deprec.
Net
%
Change
Assets balance sheet data not available for this company
Liabilities
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Year
%
Change
Liabilities balance sheet data not available for this company
Solvency and debt ratios
The debt ratio (= Financial debt / Equity x 100) stands at 45%. Debt remains under control: the company retains capacity to raise new debt if needed. Financial autonomy (= Equity / Total assets x 100) reaches 36%. The balance between equity and debt is satisfactory. Debt repayment capacity (= Financial debt / Cash flow) indicates it would take 2.7 years of cash flow to repay all financial debt. This short period demonstrates excellent debt sustainability. Cash flow represents 6.9% of revenue. Cash flow measures resources generated by operations, available for investment and debt repayment. Satisfactory level allowing partial financing of growth.
Debt ratio (2024)
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Debt ratio
Definition
Measures the proportion of debt to equity.
Formula
(Financial debt / Equity) x 100
Interpretation
< 50% : Low 50-100% : Moderate > 100% : High
45.229%
Financial autonomy (2024)
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Financial autonomy
Definition
Share of equity in the company's total financing.
Formula
(Equity / Total assets) x 100
Interpretation
> 30% : Good autonomy 20-30% : Average < 20% : Low
35.619%
Cash flow / Revenue (2024)
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Cash flow / Revenue
Definition
Self-financing capacity relative to revenue.
Formula
(CAF / CA) x 100
Interpretation
The higher the ratio, the more cash the company generates
6.898%
Repayment capacity (2024)
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Repayment capacity
Definition
Number of years needed to repay debts with cash flow.
Formula
Financial debt / Cash flow
Interpretation
< 3 years : Excellent 3-5 years : Fair > 5 years : Warning
2.659
Asset age ratio (2024)
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Asset age ratio
Definition
Measures the degree of wear of tangible assets.
Formula
Accumulated depreciation / Gross fixed assets x 100
Visualization created via numbers.finance Sources : INPI & BCE - Adjustments : Ministry of Economy
Indicator
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2023
2024
Debt ratio
9.809
1.748
9.008
8.522
28.598
67.727
137.775
90.36
39.754
45.229
Financial autonomy
41.794
40.366
38.639
38.56
32.546
36.834
22.987
27.943
32.639
35.619
Repayment capacity
0.427
0.008
0.25
0.092
1.132
4.126
17.746
1.268
1.842
2.659
Cash flow / Revenue
11.448%
8.512%
4.144%
8.857%
7.314%
2.853%
4.585%
6.663%
7.032%
6.898%
Sector positioning
Debt ratio
45.232024
2021
2023
2024
Q1: 0.0
Med: 2.02
Q3: 34.22
Average
In 2024, the debt ratio of A + A (45.23) ranks above the median of the sector. This ratio measures the weight of debt relative to equity. A reduction effort could improve financial strength.
Financial autonomy
35.62%2024
2021
2023
2024
Q1: 12.11%
Med: 39.42%
Q3: 65.91%
Average
In 2024, the financial autonomy of A + A (35.6%) ranks below the median of the sector. This ratio represents the share of equity in total financing. An improvement would strengthen the competitive position.
Repayment capacity
2.66 years2024
2021
2023
2024
Q1: 0.0 years
Med: 0.0 years
Q3: 0.41 years
Watch
In 2024, the repayment capacity of A + A (2.66) ranks in the top 25% of the sector. This ratio indicates the number of years needed to repay debt with cash flow. A long duration may signal heavy debt relative to repayment capacity.
Liquidity ratios
The liquidity ratio (= Current assets / Current liabilities) stands at 201.85. Concretely, the company has €2 of liquid assets for every €1 of short-term debt: no cash risk within 12 months. The interest coverage ratio (= EBIT / Interest expenses) is 11.8x. Operating income very largely covers interest expenses: high safety margin.
Liquidity ratio (2024)
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Liquidity ratio
Definition
Ability to meet short-term debts with current assets.
Formula
Current assets / Current liabilities
Interpretation
> 1.5 : Very good 1-1.5 : Fair < 1 : Liquidity risk
201.846
Interest coverage (2024)
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Interest coverage
Definition
Ability to cover interest charges with operating income.
Formula
EBIT / Interest expenses
Interpretation
> 3 : Comfortable 1.5-3 : Acceptable < 1.5 : Risk
11.849
Liquidity indicators evolution A + A
Visualisation créée via abddaf.fr Sources : INPI & BCE - Retraitements : Ministère de l'économie
Indicator
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2023
2024
Liquidity ratio
235.576
249.249
198.235
200.143
213.826
139.618
222.172
123.019
150.371
201.846
Interest coverage
11.676
12.864
7.707
6.499
10.095
24.36
222.085
8.812
5.337
11.849
Sector positioning
Liquidity ratio
201.852024
2021
2023
2024
Q1: 138.9
Med: 219.42
Q3: 420.98
Average+22 pts over 3 years
In 2024, the liquidity ratio of A + A (201.85) ranks below the median of the sector. This ratio measures the ability to cover short-term debt with current assets. An improvement would strengthen the competitive position.
Interest coverage
11.85x2024
2021
2023
2024
Q1: 0.0x
Med: 0.0x
Q3: 3.73x
Excellent
In 2024, the interest coverage of A + A (11.8x) ranks in the top 25% of the sector. This ratio indicates how many times operating income covers interest expenses. High coverage means financial charges weigh little on profitability.
Working capital requirement (WCR) and payment terms
Working capital requirement (WCR) measures the cash timing gap between customer collections and supplier/inventory payments. Average customer payment term: 134 days (formula: Customer receivables / Revenue incl. VAT x 360). Supplier term: 130 days. The company must finance 4 days of gap between collections and payments. Overall, WCR represents 110 days of revenue, i.e. 7.5 M€ to permanently finance. Over 2014-2024, WCR increased by +842%, requiring additional financing.
Operating WCR (2024)
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Operating WCR
Definition
Financing requirement generated by the operating cycle (inventory + receivables - trade payables).
Formula
Inventory + Customer receivables - Trade payables
Interpretation
Negative = cash released Positive = financing needed
7 458 456 €
Customer credit (2024)
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Customer credit (days)
Definition
Average payment term granted to customers.
Formula
(Customer receivables / Revenue incl. VAT) x 360
Interpretation
< 45j : Good 45-60j : Average > 60j : Long
134 j
Supplier credit (2024)
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Supplier credit (days)
Definition
Average payment term obtained from suppliers.
Formula
(Trade payables / Purchases incl. VAT) x 360
Interpretation
The longer the term, the better for cash flow
130 j
Inventory turnover (2024)
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Inventory turnover (days)
Definition
Average storage duration for goods or materials.
Formula
(Inventory / Cost of goods) x 360
Interpretation
The lower the ratio, the faster the turnover
0 j
WCR in days of revenue (2024)
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WCR in days of revenue
Definition
Expresses working capital requirement in days of revenue.
Formula
(Operating WCR / Revenue) x 360
Interpretation
The fewer days, the better the working capital management
110 j
WCR and payment terms evolution A + A
Visualization created via numbers.finance Sources : INPI & BCE - Adjustments : Ministry of Economy
Indicator
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2023
2024
Operating WCR
791 856 €
1 261 354 €
2 084 891 €
3 177 005 €
5 348 578 €
6 624 206 €
6 700 172 €
6 751 077 €
7 925 759 €
7 458 456 €
Inventory turnover (days)
92
96
109
105
118
0
0
0
0
0
Customer payment term (days)
56
71
59
77
93
91
283
115
134
134
Supplier payment term (days)
84
76
90
82
90
92
268
169
185
130
Positioning of A + A in its sector
Comparison with sector Études de marché et sondages
Valuation estimate
Based on 107 transactions of similar company sales
(all years),
the value of A + A is estimated at
3 896 078 €
(range 1 466 389€ - 8 246 016€).
With an EBITDA of 1 106 454€, the sector multiple of 2.6x is applied.
The price/revenue ratio is 0.23x
(conservative valuation).
This multiples method compares the actual sale price of similar companies to their financial indicators (Revenue, EBITDA, Net Income). It provides a market-based indicative estimate.
Estimated enterprise value2024
107 transactions
1466k€3896k€8246k€
3 896 078 €Range: 1 466 389€ - 8 246 016€
Section all-time
Aggregated at NAF section level
Valuation detail by method
Ajustez les pondérations selon votre analyse
EBITDA Multiple50%
1 106 454 €×2.6x
Estimation2 864 235 €
1 046 470€ - 6 561 486€
Revenue Multiple30%
24 415 529 €×0.23x
Estimation5 516 340 €
2 271 351€ - 9 593 750€
Net Income Multiple20%
1 459 169 €×2.8x
Estimation4 045 295 €
1 308 745€ - 10 435 743€
How is this estimate calculated?
This estimate is based on the analysis of 107 actual transactions of similar company sales (same NAF code) registered with BODACC between 2016 and 2025.
EBITDA Multiple: Preferred method for profitable SMEs. EBITDA reflects the ability to generate cash.
Revenue Multiple: Used for growing companies or those with low profitability. Reflects commercial potential.
Net Income Multiple: Relevant for mature companies with stable results.
This estimate is provided for information purposes only. A precise valuation requires in-depth analysis (assets, liabilities, prospects, market...).
Similar companies (Études de marché et sondages)
Compare A + A with other companies in the same sector:
Yes, A + A generated a net profit of 1.5 M€ in 2024.
Where is the headquarters of A + A ?
The headquarters of A + A is located in BOULOGNE-BILLANCOURT (92100), in the department Hauts-de-Seine.
Where to find the tax return of A + A ?
The tax return of A + A is available on this page. Click on a year in the 'Data by year' section to view the account details (assets, liabilities, income statement). Data comes from INPI (National Institute of Industrial Property).
In which sector does A + A operate?
A + A operates in the sector Études de marché et sondages (NAF code 73.20Z). See the 'Sector positioning' section above to compare the company with its competitors.
Item evolution
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