Employees: NN (None)Legal category: Société à responsabilité limitée (sans autre indication)Size: NoneCreation date: 1999-06-01 (26 years)Status: ActiveBusiness sector: Formation continue d'adultesLocation: LYON (69008), Rhone
2CM FORMATION : revenue, balance sheet and financial ratios
2CM FORMATION is a French company
founded 26 years ago,
specialized in the sector Formation continue d'adultes.
Based in LYON (69008),
this company of category PME
shows in 2018 a revenue of 418 k€.
Find below the complete financial statements, solvency ratios, working capital requirements and sector comparison.
Financial history - 2CM FORMATION (SIREN 423174234)
Indicator
2018
2017
2016
Revenue
417 982 €
276 991 €
233 485 €
Net income
86 926 €
51 451 €
33 531 €
EBITDA
125 967 €
66 229 €
50 718 €
Net margin
20.8%
18.6%
14.4%
Revenue and income statement
In 2018, 2CM FORMATION achieves revenue of 418 k€. Over the period 2016-2018, the company shows strong growth with a CAGR (compound annual growth rate) of +33.8%. Vs 2017, growth of +51% (277 k€ -> 418 k€). After deducting consumption (0 €), gross margin stands at 418 k€, i.e. a rate of 100%. This ratio measures the ability to generate value from commercial activity. EBITDA (= Gross margin - Personnel expenses - Taxes) reaches 126 k€, representing 30.1% of revenue. Positive scissor effect: EBITDA margin improves by +6.2 pts, sign of improved operational efficiency. This high EBITDA margin provides strong self-financing capacity and resilience to uncertainties. Ultimately, net income (= EBIT +/- financial result +/- exceptional - corporate tax) amounts to 87 k€, i.e. 20.8% of revenue. This profit can be retained or distributed to shareholders.
Revenue (2018)
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Revenue
Definition
Total amount of sales of goods and services made by the company.
Formula
Sales of goods + Sold production
417 982 €
Gross margin (2018)
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Gross margin
Definition
Difference between revenue and cost of goods sold.
Formula
Revenue - Cost of goods consumed
417 982 €
EBITDA (2018)
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Gross Operating Surplus (EBITDA)
Definition
Resources generated by current operations, before depreciation and financial expenses.
Formula
Value added - Personnel expenses - Taxes
Interpretation
Positive = profitable activity
125 967 €
EBIT (2018)
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EBIT (Operating Income)
Definition
Operating income, including depreciation and provisions.
Formula
EBITDA - Depreciation and provisions + Reversals
117 843 €
Net income (2018)
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Net income
Definition
Profit or loss after all expenses, including taxes and exceptional items.
Formula
Current income + Exceptional income - Income tax
86 926 €
EBITDA margin (2018)
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EBITDA margin
Definition
Measures the company's operating profitability.
Formula
(EBE / CA) x 100
Interpretation
> 10% : Good profitability 5-10% : Average < 5% : Low
30.1%
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Income statement
Item
Amount
% Revenue
Change
The detailed income statement is not available for this company (simplified accounts or confidential data).
Chart evolution
Show :
Visualization created via numbers.finance Sources : INPI & BCE - Adjustments : Ministry of Economy
Assets
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Item
Gross
Deprec.
Net
%
Change
Assets balance sheet data not available for this company
Liabilities
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Year
%
Change
Liabilities balance sheet data not available for this company
Solvency and debt ratios
The debt ratio (= Financial debt / Equity x 100) stands at 24%. This very low level reflects a solid financial structure, offering significant room for future investments or acquisitions. Financial autonomy (= Equity / Total assets x 100) reaches 59%. This high autonomy means the company finances most of its assets through equity, a sign of strength. Debt repayment capacity (= Financial debt / Cash flow) indicates it would take 0.2 years of cash flow to repay all financial debt. This short period demonstrates excellent debt sustainability. Cash flow represents 22.4% of revenue. Cash flow measures resources generated by operations, available for investment and debt repayment. This high level provides strong self-financing capacity.
Debt ratio (2018)
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Debt ratio
Definition
Measures the proportion of debt to equity.
Formula
(Financial debt / Equity) x 100
Interpretation
< 50% : Low 50-100% : Moderate > 100% : High
23.65%
Financial autonomy (2018)
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Financial autonomy
Definition
Share of equity in the company's total financing.
Formula
(Equity / Total assets) x 100
Interpretation
> 30% : Good autonomy 20-30% : Average < 20% : Low
59.428%
Cash flow / Revenue (2018)
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Cash flow / Revenue
Definition
Self-financing capacity relative to revenue.
Formula
(CAF / CA) x 100
Interpretation
The higher the ratio, the more cash the company generates
22.438%
Repayment capacity (2018)
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Repayment capacity
Definition
Number of years needed to repay debts with cash flow.
Formula
Financial debt / Cash flow
Interpretation
< 3 years : Excellent 3-5 years : Fair > 5 years : Warning
0.244
Asset age ratio (2018)
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Asset age ratio
Definition
Measures the degree of wear of tangible assets.
Formula
Accumulated depreciation / Gross fixed assets x 100
Visualization created via numbers.finance Sources : INPI & BCE - Adjustments : Ministry of Economy
Indicator
2016
2017
2018
Debt ratio
41.792
32.769
23.65
Financial autonomy
56.689
58.411
59.428
Repayment capacity
0.413
0.405
0.244
Cash flow / Revenue
18.403%
17.795%
22.438%
Sector positioning
Debt ratio
23.652018
2016
2017
2018
Q1: 0.0
Med: 4.6
Q3: 42.38
Average-12 pts over 3 years
In 2018, the debt ratio of 2CM FORMATION (23.65) ranks above the median of the sector. This ratio measures the weight of debt relative to equity. A reduction effort could improve financial strength.
Financial autonomy
59.43%2018
2016
2017
2018
Q1: 5.07%
Med: 32.22%
Q3: 60.74%
Good
In 2018, the financial autonomy of 2CM FORMATION (59.4%) ranks above the median of the sector. This ratio represents the share of equity in total financing. This comfortable position offers an appreciable safety margin.
Repayment capacity
0.24 years2018
2016
2017
2018
Q1: 0.0 years
Med: 0.0 years
Q3: 0.54 years
Average-12 pts over 3 years
In 2018, the repayment capacity of 2CM FORMATION (0.24) ranks above the median of the sector. This ratio indicates the number of years needed to repay debt with cash flow. A reduction effort could improve financial strength.
Liquidity ratios
The liquidity ratio (= Current assets / Current liabilities) stands at 275.09. Concretely, the company has €2 of liquid assets for every €1 of short-term debt: no cash risk within 12 months. The interest coverage ratio (= EBIT / Interest expenses) is 0.1x. Danger: operating income does not cover interest charges, unsustainable situation.
Liquidity ratio (2018)
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Liquidity ratio
Definition
Ability to meet short-term debts with current assets.
Formula
Current assets / Current liabilities
Interpretation
> 1.5 : Very good 1-1.5 : Fair < 1 : Liquidity risk
275.092
Interest coverage (2018)
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Interest coverage
Definition
Ability to cover interest charges with operating income.
Formula
EBIT / Interest expenses
Interpretation
> 3 : Comfortable 1.5-3 : Acceptable < 1.5 : Risk
0.147
Liquidity indicators evolution 2CM FORMATION
Visualisation créée via abddaf.fr Sources : INPI & BCE - Retraitements : Ministère de l'économie
Indicator
2016
2017
2018
Liquidity ratio
322.785
244.831
275.092
Interest coverage
0.31
0.791
0.147
Sector positioning
Liquidity ratio
275.092018
2016
2017
2018
Q1: 126.94
Med: 209.82
Q3: 365.84
Good-9 pts over 3 years
In 2018, the liquidity ratio of 2CM FORMATION (275.09) ranks above the median of the sector. This ratio measures the ability to cover short-term debt with current assets. This comfortable position offers an appreciable safety margin.
Interest coverage
0.15x2018
2016
2017
2018
Q1: 0.0x
Med: 0.0x
Q3: 0.57x
Good
In 2018, the interest coverage of 2CM FORMATION (0.1x) ranks above the median of the sector. This ratio indicates how many times operating income covers interest expenses. This comfortable position offers an appreciable safety margin.
Working capital requirement (WCR) and payment terms
Working capital requirement (WCR) measures the cash timing gap between customer collections and supplier/inventory payments. Average customer payment term: 15 days (formula: Customer receivables / Revenue incl. VAT x 360). Supplier term: 19 days. Favorable situation: supplier credit is longer than customer credit by 4 days. WCR is negative (-7 days): operations structurally generate cash. Notable WCR improvement over the period (-264%), freeing up cash.
Operating WCR (2018)
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Operating WCR
Definition
Financing requirement generated by the operating cycle (inventory + receivables - trade payables).
Formula
Inventory + Customer receivables - Trade payables
Interpretation
Negative = cash released Positive = financing needed
-8 518 €
Customer credit (2018)
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Customer credit (days)
Definition
Average payment term granted to customers.
Formula
(Customer receivables / Revenue incl. VAT) x 360
Interpretation
< 45j : Good 45-60j : Average > 60j : Long
15 j
Supplier credit (2018)
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Supplier credit (days)
Definition
Average payment term obtained from suppliers.
Formula
(Trade payables / Purchases incl. VAT) x 360
Interpretation
The longer the term, the better for cash flow
19 j
Inventory turnover (2018)
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Inventory turnover (days)
Definition
Average storage duration for goods or materials.
Formula
(Inventory / Cost of goods) x 360
Interpretation
The lower the ratio, the faster the turnover
0 j
WCR in days of revenue (2018)
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WCR in days of revenue
Definition
Expresses working capital requirement in days of revenue.
Formula
(Operating WCR / Revenue) x 360
Interpretation
The fewer days, the better the working capital management
-7 j
WCR and payment terms evolution 2CM FORMATION
Visualization created via numbers.finance Sources : INPI & BCE - Adjustments : Ministry of Economy
Indicator
2016
2017
2018
Operating WCR
5 188 €
27 333 €
-8 518 €
Inventory turnover (days)
0
0
0
Customer payment term (days)
22
46
15
Supplier payment term (days)
8
19
19
Positioning of 2CM FORMATION in its sector
Comparison with sector Formation continue d'adultes
Valuation estimate
Based on 134 transactions of similar company sales
(all years),
the value of 2CM FORMATION is estimated at
232 439 €
(range 83 487€ - 718 934€).
With an EBITDA of 125 967€, the sector multiple of 2.2x is applied.
The price/revenue ratio is 0.36x
(conservative valuation).
This multiples method compares the actual sale price of similar companies to their financial indicators (Revenue, EBITDA, Net Income). It provides a market-based indicative estimate.
Estimated enterprise value2018
134 transactions
83k€232k€718k€
232 439 €Range: 83 487€ - 718 934€
NAF 5 all-time
Valuation detail by method
Ajustez les pondérations selon votre analyse
EBITDA Multiple50%
125 967 €×2.2x
Estimation273 118 €
98 969€ - 710 340€
Revenue Multiple30%
417 982 €×0.36x
Estimation149 403 €
49 846€ - 292 111€
Net Income Multiple20%
86 926 €×2.9x
Estimation255 298 €
95 246€ - 1 380 654€
Valuation evolution
Visualisation creee via abddaf.fr Sources : BODACC & INPI
How is this estimate calculated?
This estimate is based on the analysis of 134 actual transactions of similar company sales (same NAF code) registered with BODACC between 2016 and 2025.
EBITDA Multiple: Preferred method for profitable SMEs. EBITDA reflects the ability to generate cash.
Revenue Multiple: Used for growing companies or those with low profitability. Reflects commercial potential.
Net Income Multiple: Relevant for mature companies with stable results.
This estimate is provided for information purposes only. A precise valuation requires in-depth analysis (assets, liabilities, prospects, market...).
Similar companies (Formation continue d'adultes)
Compare 2CM FORMATION with other companies in the same sector:
Yes, 2CM FORMATION generated a net profit of 87 k€ in 2018.
Where is the headquarters of 2CM FORMATION ?
The headquarters of 2CM FORMATION is located in LYON (69008), in the department Rhone.
Where to find the tax return of 2CM FORMATION ?
The tax return of 2CM FORMATION is available on this page. Click on a year in the 'Data by year' section to view the account details (assets, liabilities, income statement). Data comes from INPI (National Institute of Industrial Property).
In which sector does 2CM FORMATION operate?
2CM FORMATION operates in the sector Formation continue d'adultes (NAF code 85.59A). See the 'Sector positioning' section above to compare the company with its competitors.
Item evolution
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